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• 2013 Volume 33 Issue 1
  Published: 31 January 2013

    

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  Original Paper

  Numercical Simulation of the Distribution of Wind Energy Resources in Guangdong Province

  WANG Ting,LI Cuihua,HU Yamin,PAN Weijuan,HUANG Haohui

  2013, 33(1): 1-8.

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  Numerical simulation with high spatial resolution for the wind energy resources distributions in Guangdong province is conducted with Wind Energy Resource Assessment System（WERAS）. The results show that：the areas rich in wind energy resources are distributed in coastal region and high mountains of northern and western Guangdong，where the annual mean wind speed at 70 m height is above 6.0m/s and the annual mean wind power density is above 300 W/m2；the wind energy resources in winter are richer than those in summer; wind energy is mainly produced from large wind process which happens in low frequency. The characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of wind energy resources in Guangdong revealed by numerical simulation are consistent with local climate characteristics and topographic features，the simulation error of wind speed at 70m height is about 10%，and the simulation error of wind power density at 70 m height is about 30%.

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  Original Paper

  Hail Potential Trend Forecast Based on Convection Parameters in Guizhou

  ZHOU Yongshui,YUAN Ye,MOU Kelin,PENG Fang

  2013, 33(1): 9-12.

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  Convection parameters during 2001-2010 spring in Guizhou are computed by using conventional observational data and the NCEP reanalysis data, and the parameters are interpolated into the 84 observational stations in the province. On the basis of statistics and analysis of hail weather conditions in Guizhou，the convection parameters correlating well to hail are selected as forecast factors. The hail trend is forecasted with discrimination analytical method and index accumulation method. The result indicates that the latter method is better than the former. So the index accumulation method is used to forecast the hail from March to May in 2011 and March to April in 2012. It is tested that the Critical Success Index（CSI）is 51.85%，Percent of Doom（POD）93.33%, and False Alarm Rate（FAR）18.84% .
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  Original Paper

  Thunderstorm Days of the Five Provinces in Central China

  WANG Xueliang,YU Tianye,ZHU Chuanlin,DU Liangmin,LIU Xuechun

  2013, 33(1): 13-20.

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  The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of thunderstorm days of the five provinces in Central China were researched with the 1961-2010 data from 85 central meteorological stations，and were analyzed by using mathematical statistics methods，such as the wavelet analysis and the EOF analysis. The results showed that: in the past 50 years of the five provinces，the average date of the first thunderstorm and the last thunderstorm did not have a tendency of advance or delay，but the number of annual mean thunderstorm days showed a whole trend of decline because of the reducing of thunderstorm days during summer. The average annual number of thunderstorm days was 41，of which spring thunderstorm days accounted for 30.3%，summer 57.6%，autumn 8.5%，and winter 3.6%.The average date of the first thunderstorm occurred on March 1st or March 2nd，and postponed from South to North in turn，and the greatest disparity could be nearly 3 months. The last thunderstorm occurred on October 4th or the 5th，the average date of the last thunderstorm in South ended later than in North，and the maximum time difference could be up to 2 months. The monthly variation of thunderstorms took on a bimodal curve，whose main peak appeared in July and the secondary peak in April. The wavelet analysis showed that the average annual thunderstorm days had the cycles of 11 years，17 years，6 years，and 4 years, respectively. The areas located north of the Yangtze River were the frequently occurring thunderstorm region. where the average annual number of thunderstorm days were between 20 and 40. The areas located south of the Yangtze were the more frequently occurring thunderstorm region, where the average thunderstorm days were more than 40. In some areas of South Jiangxi and Hunan，the average thunderstorm days more than 60，those were the most frequently occurring thunderstorm region. According to the EOF analysis，the spatial distribution of the average number of thunderstorm days could be classified into 4 types：the consistent type，the North and South inverting type，the plum rain type, and the local type. The reasons causing the whole decline trend of the annual mean thunderstorm days，might be associated with the strength of the summer monsoon and the mutation of atmospheric circulation.
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  Original Paper

  Analysis of Thermal Environment of the Main Urban Area of Kunming Based on Muti-source Data

  YANG Yunyuan,SHI Zhengtao,HE Ping

  2013, 33(1): 21-27.

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  Urban thermal environment is a comprehensive embodiment of environmental effect of urban landscape ecosystem. Quickbird, Landsat TM/ETM+ data, Modis data, estate map and the timely meteorological data at the satellite passed were used to study the characteristics of thermal environment in main urban districts of Kunming City. Modis data and the meteorological data at the satellite passed were used to testify the validity of Landsat TM/ETM+ Band 6. The Feature Extraction module of ENVI was used to extract the data of urban villages based on Quickbird data. The spatial distribution characteristics of the LST of built-up areas, residential compounds and urban villages were analyzed. The result shows that the Landsat data are useful and close to the average condition. There is obvious difference between urban thermal environment and rural thermal environment. The higher LST move from the area between the first ring and the second ring to that between the second ring and the third ring. The distribution of LST of urban villages and residential compounds presented such a pattern as: LST of the area inside the first ring>LST of the area between the first ring and the second ring>LST of the area between the second ring and the third ring>LST of the area outside the third ring in the study area. Higher LST urban villages and higher LST residential compounds are found and listed. The average LST of residential compounds is 0.5℃ higher than that of urban villages on April 24th, 2000. But, the average LST of urban villages is 1℃ higher than that of residential compounds on April 6th, 2008.
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  Original Paper

  Analysis of the Characters of Saltwater Intrusion in the Pearl River Estuary Based on Salinity Data of Modaomen Waterway

  ZHANG Wen,LIU Bingjun,XIN Yanbo,YAN Shulan

  2013, 33(1): 28-33.

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  The Pearl River Estuary contains a complex river network which characterizes the confluence of the three rivers in the Pearl system and the eight waterways to the sea. Hence，distinct uncertainties exist within the hydrodynamic force. Additional elements，for instance，fast urbanization，estuary sand excavation，river realignment，hydraulic engineering and sea level rise contribute to the salt water intrusion in water resource system located in estuary area for its extreme complexity. In this paper，the data of daily and hourly salinity sequence in dry season for the last 10 years（2001-2011）from Guangchang Station in the Modaomen Waterway are studied by using wavelet analysis. The result shows that consistence truly exists in the periodic features between salinity changes in the Modaomen Waterway and the tide. The day period (24.6 h) and half-month period (14.6 d) are evident，while the half-day period (12.3 h) and month period (30 d) not obvious.
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  Original Paper

  Correlations between Salinity and Current Velocity or Tidal Level in the Pearl River Estuary Based on Wavelet Analysis

  XIAO Guansheng,CHEN Zishen

  2013, 33(1): 34-39.

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  Based on Wavelet Analysis, the periodic change and correlations between salinity and current velocity, as well as tidal level, in the Pearl River estuary are analyzed. The results are: Morlet wavelet transform which is applied to the analysis of salinity, velocity and tide shows that they all comprise half-day variance of 12.4h and one-day variance of 24.4h. There is significant in-phase resonance oscillation between the salinity and velocity in half-day period and one-day period , and the phase difference of which is about 85 angles. There is significant in-phase resonance oscillation between the salinity and tide , and the variation of salinity occurs about 30~60 angles before that of the tide.
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  Original Paper

  Impacts of Administrative Division Adjustment on Spatial Characteristics of Land Utilization：A Case Study of Nansha District in Guangzhou

  FENG Yanjun,LI Lixun

  2013, 33(1): 40-47.

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  The Administrative Division is a crucial strategy for government to promote local development and reconstruction of spatial power. However，currently the studies about the mechanism of the administrative division are still very few. This paper was selected Nansha District in Guangzhou as a case to review the administrative division history since 1992 by focusing on its land use allocation changes. By using Arc GIS to analyze the evolution of spatial characteristics of land use allocation, the impacts brought by the administrative division on the spatial characteristics of land use were explored. It is indicated in this paper that the administrative division has both direct and indirect impacts on land use allocation based on the spatial layout of administrative resources including the types of administrative zones，the relationship between administrative subordinations，the grade of both administrative system and its authority and administrative range，and the location of government. Furthermore, this paper also analyzes the emergence mechanism of the direct and indirect impacts. It is shown that administrative division has direct impact on land use spatial allocation through change of allocation of administrative resource such as administrative region type，administrative subordination，privilage level and organization system, while indirect impact through urban development power and mode，other spatial policy，administrative subject and market power.
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  Original Paper

  Urban Land Use Performance and Its Spatial Disparity at County Level in Guangdong Province

  CHEN Haolong,LIU Yihua,WU Dafang,ZHENG Yanmin,ZENG Juan

  2013, 33(1): 48-55.

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  With the rapid industrialization and urbanization in China, problems in urban land use, such as inefficient use and management of land，are getting more and more serious, that may impede urban development. The purpose of this paper is to examin the spatial discrepancy of county urban land use performance in Guangdong. GIS spatial analysis and PSR model based on coordination degree are employed to make the research. The conclusions are that：the discrepancy of urban land use performance in different regions is obvious，the effectiveness performance and efficiency performance show a feature of high spatial agglomeration，while the equity performance is relatively scattered. A similar spatial distribution pattern of the effectiveness performance and the comprehensive performance can be found. The spatial agglomeration of the comprehensive performance can be divided into 4 types，the hot-spot areas and cold-spot areas are widely and steadily distributed. The coordination degree of land use performance presents a “center-periphery” structure，which coincides with the spatial structure of Guangdong.
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  Original Paper

  Management Mode and Spatial Organization of New Urban District

  ZHU Mengjue，ZHOU Chunshan

  2013, 33(1): 56-62.

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  Making a statistical comparison among 879 new urban districts，the paper sums up their management modes in three types: market mode，development zone mode, and administrative area mode. The paper also describes six spatial organizations，including internal integration of administrative area，partial integration among administrative areas，administrative area founded on development zone，the Merge Work System of administrative area-development zone，new urban district founded on internal administrative area，and establishment of new administrative district. The authors hold that a new urban district should choose applicable management mode and spatial organization for its development according to its developing stage，regional features，and functional forms.
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  Original Paper

  Evolution Characteristics, Influence Factors and Development Trends of the Spatial Distribution of Sports Facility in Wuhan

  ZENG Jianming,WANG Jian,DONG Guoyong,SUN Jian

  2013, 33(1): 63-69.

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  In this papers，the spatial and temporal evolution history of the sports facility in Wuhan was analyzed by means of cartographic software. The evolution was divided into 4 periods and their own characters were expounded. It is considered that the spatial distribution of sports facility in future would be based on the overall urban planning of the city. The factors that influence the spatial distribution of sports facility are: 1）External factors: regional economic development and industrial structure，the overall development plan made by local government，population structure，major traffic arteries；2）Internal factors: distribution of the schools which are taken as the main bases for sports facilities, mass sports and large-scale games which may stimulate the construction of sports facilities，“combination and competition”effects among different sports facility, which may promote the rational distribution of the facility.
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  Original Paper

  Potential Impacts of Highway Construction on Biodiversity in Guangxi，China

  HUANG Xiaoxia,JIANG Yuan,DING Jiao,HE Kejian,ZHANG Yong,QIN Yu

  2013, 33(1): 70-75.

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  In order to reveal the highway construction impacts on local biodiversity and analyze the difference of those impacts over Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region，the following indexes were calculated based on the pixels of 5 km?5 km with GIS support. Biodiversity impact index（B）and segregation index（I）were applied to evaluate the intensity of potential impacts of highway construction on local biodiversity，and the segregation index （I）was the segregation grade of fauna and flora for a mesh in highway network. The result shows that，the North and southwest mountainous areas，and the marginal mountainous areas of Guangxi，are of high diversity in vegetation types and rich in endemic plants. For the sake of the highway management at present and the highway design and construction in future，special attention should be paid to biodiversity conservation and biological invasion prevention.
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  Original Paper

  Spatial Analysis on Epidemic Factors of Schistosomiasis in Nanchang County over the Coast of Poyang Lake

  TANG Qiqiang,ZHANG Zhi,ZHAO An,ZHANG Ganggang

  2013, 33(1): 76-80.

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  Schistosomiasis is a kind of parasitic disease which may happen between humans and animals. Nangchang County is one of the most serious region，where schistosomiasis happens over the coast of Poyang Lake. Nowadays，this county has become the key area of schistosomiasis prevention and control in Jiangxi Province. As the suspending of loan from WHO，the investment that used for schistosomiasis prevention and control is decreasing in Nangchang County. For benefit maximization，it has become important that how to make full use of the limited resources. Many previous researches indicated that exploring the gathered area of schistosomiasis is the best way to solve the above problem. In this paper，basic data from 86 villages in 2009 are collected，including the number of patient，total population，the number of cattle，etc. In addition，the administrative map of Nangchang County is digitalized and the geometric centers of the 86 villages are extracted. And then the boundary line through the TM image taken in June 2009 was extracted. Single factor analysis of correlation model，traditional linear regression models，spatial lag model and spatial error model were employed for quantitative analysis of those data. The results of spatial analysis indicated that the spatial distribution of the infection rates of administrative villages was greatly uneven，the main endemic villages were distributed near the northeast and southeast coast of Poyang Lake and the Ganjiang River basin in 2009. In addition，there existed obviously consistency between the spatial distribution of the intensity of water contact by the residents and that of schistosome epidemic. In this study，spatial error of regression is employed to analyze the relationship between the water contact index and the number of patients. The results show that the water contact index can explain 71% of the total variance of the number of patients，indicating that the calculation method of water contact index in Nanchang County is accurate and applicable more or less. Furthermore, the traditional linear regression model, spatial lag model and spatial error model are used to quantitatively measure the endemic factors of schistosomiasis in Nanchang County. The results show that the spatial error regression analysis is very significance. The single factor analysis shows that the four factors are consistent with the number of patients with a high correlation. The number of patients shows decrease with a high negative correlation with the distance from village to Poyang Lake coast. All the three regression model analysis show that the factors including water contact index，the number of cattle，the distance from village to the coast of Poyang Lake are the major epidemic factors，which can explain 81% of the total variance.
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  Original Paper

  Modeling of Spatial Distribution of Urban Population Density： A Case Study of Tianhe District, Guangzhou

  GUO Hongxu,HUANG Ying,ZHAO Daiqing

  2013, 33(1): 81-87.

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  High-resolution remote sensing data of Tianhe District of Guangzhou were used to extract the information of urban buildings by object-oriented method. The extracted information was classified into different kinds with reference to land use map of Guangzhou. On that basis the data of the residential buildings were used to estimate population density. Then an urban population distribution model was created. The operation of other existing population density models needs much time to extract building information from remote sensing images by manual work and can only be used for small scale of settlement. In this study，the efficiency of image classification and extraction of building information was greatly improved，and the accuracy of the model was higher than that in other existing researches. The simulation result indicates that the population density model can capture most typical features and interior differentiation of urban population distribution. The model and method in this study have advantages in accuracy，simplicity，availability and convenience for use.
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  Original Paper

  Ecological Risk Assessment and Early Warning Mechanism for Tourism Development in Hainan Province

  ZHANG Guanghai,WANG Jia

  2013, 33(1): 88-95.

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  Hainan has advantages in abundant tourism resources，unique and innovative tourism products and increasing tourism economic strength，as well as good policy conditions for the development of tourism industry. At the same time，however，there are certain natural and man-made risk elements that may hinder the healthy development of tourism industry in the province. According to the current situation of tourism development，this paper describes the main stressor sources，the risk receptors，and the largest ecological effect over Hainan by using the Procedure for Ecological Tiered Assessment of Risk method（PETAR），and discriminates 14 ecological risk effects of tourism development in Hainan, which are classified into three levels including primary，secondary and tertiary levels. Taking 9 effects as representative ecological risk effects，the paper constructs a tourism ecological risk assessment model consisting of 16 indicators， and defines different risk levels for Sanya，Haikou，Wanning and Qionghai with fuzzy mathematics and synthetic evaluation methods. The results show that Sanya and Haikou are located in the first-level ecological risk area，while Wanning and Qionghai in the second–level ecological risk area. There are different ecological risk degrees of tourism development among those cities，and it is an urgent need for them to carrying out early warning management of tourism ecological risk. The authors consider that a tourism ecological risk warning mechanism, including operating mechanism，regulatory mechanism and management mechanism，should be innovatively established.
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  Review

  Progress in Tourism Governance Research Abroad

  LUO Fen

  2013, 33(1): 96-103.

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  With the change of tourism industry from planning and development stage to operation and management stage，governance，an important concept in politics and public policy，has been applied increasingly in tourism research and become an important issue in tourism academic circles. The paper discusses the evolution of tourism governance research abroad，reviews the theories, main models, construction of evaluation system and performance of tourism governance and topics of tourism governance, (including tourism development and planning，marketing，resource and environment，tourism destination，sustainable tourism，power structure in tourism，global tourism，difficulties in governance，etc), makes a summary on the research process and theories， finally, compares the difference between the researches at home and abroad.
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  Review

  Review on the Research of Rafting/Kayaking/Canoeing Tourism at Home and Abroad

  TANG Xueqiong,CHEN Lanxue,SUN Lin

  2013, 33(1): 104-111.

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  As the rafting/kayaking/canoeing tourism is developing constantly at home and abroad， it is increasingly attracting extensive attention from academic circles in the world. This paper has sorted out and analyzed the articles related to rafting/kayaking/canoeing tourism at home and abroad，and reviewed the current research advance of rafting/kayaking/canoeing tourism from aspects of research methods，theories and contents. Rafting/kayaking/canoeing tourism researches abroad are conducted multi-disciplinarily and multi-dimensionally，with objects expanding in scope and depth that cover participating motivation and experience, carrying capacity and resource value assessment，safety，river discharge，effects on destinations，etc. The foreign scholars’ researches are mostly based on accurate and scientific data analysis, providing useful theoretical guidance for rafting/kayaking/canoeing tourism developers and managers, while the researches at home still stay at a practical operational level, and the in-depth and systematic theoretical studies are comparatively few. It is expected that this paper would provide references for domestic scholars’ research and rafting/kayaking/canoeing practice work.
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  Review

  Rating System of Internaional Hotel Industry：Status，Trend And Inspiration

  WU Lei,YANG Honghao

  2013, 33(1): 112-118.

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  The construction of rating system of international hotel and tourism are Symbiotic communion. The system includes construction design, nature of participation, scope and legal ownership. It has extensive rating scope；diversified rating forms； similarity and difference of rating standards；and basically rational arrangement. Since the establishment of the system，the limitation of the rating subject's value orientation has lead to the change of the nature of rating organization from official institution to non-governmental organization，or to the organization cooperated by officials and non-governmental organization；the diversity of the hotel industry situation and the limitation of the rating scope have lead to the change of the the rating form from defining the level to the separation between rating and the evaluation quality；and the mixing with new elements has lead to the gradual change of the rating content from export-oriented type to customer-oriented. Meanwhile，there is a trend to establish a unified international rating system. For renovation and reformation of the rating system in China, the subject structure，operating mechanism，and the evaluation contents of starring and ranking of the tourism hotels should be taken into consideration.