The regional division of economy in Guangdong should comply with the following Principles:an economic region delimited should have relative integration in economy,distinctive structural feature,close relationship in economy and technology,integrity of administrative area at municipality level benefiting the regional economic development. According to those principles the province can be divided into seven economic regions for the 1990s. They are the three coastal economic regions in middle,east and west Guangdong,the three mountainous economic regions in north,east and west Guangdong,and the Daya Bay-Dongjiang economic region.
It is a meaningful task to choose indexes to measure the socio-economic development degree of a nation or a region. In this paper the authors try to build a complete index system to measure the development degree of the western part of China. It is considered that the concept of development should contain three basic intensions,namely,existence,self-esteem and freedom. Based on the comprehension of the concept,a set of indexes as well as their algorith is put forward,which is divided into three layers to measure the development level,wherey the first layer is group indexes,the second is main part indexes,and the third is overall index. The relationship between layer indexes is linear,and principal component and cluster analysis is used as concrete algorithm. Yunnan Province is taken as an example to be analyzed with the index system. According to comprehensive indexes and regional conditions,three types of regions with different development levels are defined. They are 1)Kunming-Yuxi region which is more developed,2)The outer-ring around Kunming-Yuxi region which is influenced by the latter,and 3)Marginal region which is less developed. It is proved that the index system is serviceable and rational.
With the rapid economic development in the Pearl River Delta,a lot of problems appear in the utilization of land,especially,the reduction of cultivated land and environment pollution have become serious. From 1980 to 1994,the cultivated land in the delta decreased by 274.3thousand ha,and per capita decreased from 0.059 ha to 0.029 ha. Agricultural ecoenvironment is affected by pollution. Soil is gradually acidified,the PH value of 80% of land is lower than 5.5 and the fertility is also descending. With the fall of comparative benefit of agriculture,more and more arable land is left uncultivated. The relationship between the economic development and utilization of land resources has been getting dislocated.
The quick development of economy has speeded up the urbanization in Guangdong Province. The traditional method of urban planning and management dose not suit the rapid urban development. Application of GIS is an effective method to improve urban planning and management. When building urban planning and management infomation system(UPMIS)for small cities,the characteristics of small cities and the users' actual demands should be considered. The UPMIS should have the following functions:data input and editing,mapping,data query and statistics,overlay,aided dicision making,etc. The UPMIS of Xinhui City,which is taken as an example,is characterized by comprehensive management of map and its attributes,convenient and flexible data query,easy operation and relatively less capital outlay,and the system is favourable to spreading. The process of automation of planning and management in the city would be promoted.
In this paper,some contradictions,such as concentration and dispersion,control and development,construction and destruction,ideality and reality,which have arised in the course of urban planning and construction,are analysed and discussed with a dialectical point of view of unity of opposite.It is considered that urban planning is a huge systematic engineering that each link should be in appropriate balance,planners and leaders should ponder over it philosophically,and correctly handle contradictions-unity of ideal and reality in urban planning and construction.
Urban housing estate is an ecosystem combining social,economic and natural elements. It consists of mankind and environment. The energy flow in the system looks like an inverted pyramid. Most of the networks in the system possesses social property,and those of the social and economic relationship are more important. The system has its structure and function. For planning of the housing estate,the floor area ratio is a key index,which is determined by social,economic and environmental factors. Generally,a housing estate should consist of four kinds of spaces,public,send-public,semi-private and private. The estate should also suit the geographical and climatic conditions of South China.
The "Old Red Sand" is a quarternary sediment appearing along the coastal areas from Shandong Province to Hainan Province. Much controversy has been evoked about its origin,age and paleogeographic significance. In fact,the "Old Red Sand" has a homogeneous framework with a fine grain-size. But sometimes,there appears a very low angle cross-stratification or some eluvial gravels from weathered granitic ground. The analyses of grain-size and superficial microfeature of quartz sands show that its characters are similar to dune sand. In these sediments the unstable minerals such as hornblende,feldspar,etc,disappear after laterization,that causes an accumulation of quartz,kaolinite and hematite,with a decrease of SiO2/Al2O3,and SiO2/R2O3. The TL dating indicates the depositional ages of "Old Red Sand" from 51900 a.B.P.. to 16200 a.B.P. The authors consider that the "Old Red Sand" belongs to the coastal eolian deposit of the last glacial age. The sedimentary materials were transported from proximal exposed sandy beach,and became red after laterization during a humid and warm climate period.
The resources of small mica in west Guangdong have not been exploited and utilized. While the demand for large mica is reduced and that for small mica is rapidly raised,to exploit and utilize the resources in west Guangdong is important for the economic development of the province. The resources of small mica which occur in the Middle-Late Proterozoic Yunkai Group and the Cambrian Bacun Group are distributed in Xinyi,Luoding,Gaoyao,Gaozhou,Yun'an,Yangchun,Guangning,Qngyuan,Huaiji,and Huazhou. The west Guangdong is very rich in small mica resources which can be used in building materials,plastics,rubber,paint,ceramics,and mica pearlescent pigment,etc. Exploitation and utilization of small mica in west Guangdong have a good prospect The author puts forward some suggestions:make reconnaissance survey of the resources of small mica in west Guangdong,study the application of small mica,make an overall development plan and raise fund by a variety of ways,make use of the paragenic contents of the mica resources,propagate benefits of exploitation and utilization of small mica,introduce foreign advanced technology and equipment,and,improve the quality of mica products.
According to the statistic data and the results from regression analysis and the first and second order trend surface analyses for 4 morphological parameters(elevation of summit,elevation of depression bottom,height difference between summit and bottom and area of depression bottom)of 142 depressions surrounded by Karst peak-clusters in Pogang region of South-west Guizhou Province,it is considered that in plateau-gorge region,the development of paulopost corrosion surface is restricted by the elevation of initial surface,the formation of depression is stochastic,the deepening and expending of a depression are synchronous,and progress of corrosion leveling is both from river valley to water divide and from lower reaches to upper reaches. A waking parabola shape of longitudinal profile of underground river is shown in Pogang and Anlong regions in Southwest Guizhou Province,the evolutionary trend of Karst morphostructural type along the direction from river valley to water divide are:Peak cluster and depression-Peak forest and valley-Peak forest and/ or solution basin. Those are the gemorphological features of the plateau-gorge region where datum level descends incessantly.
Zenia insignis is an endemic species in limestone areas of South China and one of the third grade protected plants in China. Z.insignis,which is heliophilic and deciduous,grows rapidly with a strong resistance to adversity. Z.insignis communities form a special phytocoenosis. Z.insignis communities are mainly composed of tropical and subtropical species,largely from Euphorbiaceae,Leguminosae,Rutaceae,Rubiaceae,and so forth. Phanerophytes,the main life form in communities,accounts for 78.7% of total species. Both mesophyll and microphyll plants amount to 45. 8%,respectively,and leathern leaf plants to 50%. Deciduous species makes up 52% of tree layer. Z.insignis is a declining population in communities that are secondary in limestone areas of low sub-tropical zone. Zenia insignis communities in Guangdong are divided into 3 types:1)Z.insignis,Adenanthera pavonina,Celtis tetrandra subsp. sinensis forest;2)Z.insignis,Photinia dovedsoniae,Quercus glauca forest,and 3)Z.insignis,C. tetrandra subsp. sinensis,Sterculia lanceolata forest There are many gardening plants and medicinal plants in Z.insignis communities. Z.insignis can be used as a short-term industrial timber tree,fuel tree,forage tree,and as a disposition species interplanted among crops Currently,Z.insignis communities and its parent trees have been severely destroyed. Measures should be taken to protect the precious plant resource.
According to modern temperature variation with time,a climatic sequence is set up from the standpoint of fluctuation. The basis of the counterdeductive study of temperature sequence is as follows:1)The climatic variation shows that climate fluctuates in different scales of time and space;2)Cold and warm climate in China alternate periodically;3)The information about the fluctuations of different periods can be resolved from meteorological element sequence. With every Junuary temperature of Hong Kong from 1884 to 1983 as the average winter temperature,its interannual fluctuation is taken as an original sample to be analysed. Some representative periodical waves are abstracted from the analysis of spectrum,and a new temperature sequence from 1983 to 1584 is obtained,while by the methods of variance and harmonic analyses the information of the periodical waves is counterdeducted to the year 1584. The average value of the new temperature sequence is 0.2136℃ larger than that of the original sample. The years with winter temperature lower than the average value are presumed as the cold winter years,otherwise as the warm. It is found that more than 95 percent of the freezing calamities in historical records are in correspondance with the cold winter years,and the historical cold winter periods are in good agreement with those of the new sequence,both the new sequence and the original sample show that each period of cold winter years lasts for 7-12 years. For the above reasons,it is considered that the counterdeductive temperature sequence should have certain reality and significance for the analysis of climatic variation.
In Guangdong,the major unfavourable factor for planting corn in winter is the climatic condition. The 1989-1992 statistical data about the climatic adaptability of the winter corn showed that the corn is sensative to low temperature during the period from differentiation of ear to tasseling while the sunshine hours from filling to mature period are very important to the output of the winter corn. In mis paper the accumulated temperature of ≥ 0℃ during winter,the average monthly minimun temperature of December,and the number of the days with weather of number of low temperature and rain in spring are chosen as the demarcation indexes for winter corn planting regionalization in Guangdong. Suitable,sub-suitable and unsuitable zones are delimitated with fuzzy mathematics method.
From the analysis of meteorological and hydrologic data measured at the main hydrologic stations in the Xiangjiang Rive valley from 1951 to 1994,the hydrological laws are concluded as follows.1) The temporal and spatial distribution of runoff depth coincides with that of rainfall,the peak of flow curve is very steep,and the fluctuation of water level reaches 11.00-22.50m.2) Flood peak flow in trunk stream increases rapidly from the upper reaches to the lower reaches and complex peaks often appear at the upper reaches.3) The flood peak flow lasts increasingly longer from the upper reaches to the lower reaches while the fluctuation range of its propagation speed has a tendency towards growing larger.4) The temporal and spatial variation of the silt content is steady with an average of 0.172 kg/m3.5) The chemical type of water is double carbonate,with its variation between C1 and or between and,and the change of its content coincides basically with that of the runoff and the content of silt.
With a large number of data about flood and related phenomena,the premonitions of flood in Zhejiang Province are analysed systematically,which are 1) sunspot actions;2) solar proton flare;3) intersection eclipse year of perihelion;4) anomaly of the earth's magnetic field;5)anomaly of atmospheric circulation;6) EL Nino event;7) anomaly of sea water temperature in warm pool of the western Pacific Ocean;8) typhoon landing in Zhejiang.Others include gathering of the nine planets,solar eclipse,polar migration,unusual change of the rotation speed of the earth,volcanic eruption and so on.It is shown that the more these premonitions reduplicate,the stronger the signals are,and the larger the flood magnitude is.
The mountainous and hilly areas in Hunan Province are rich in sunlight,heat and water resources,as well as in labour force resources.The problems are the environment of the area is degrading,the agricultural structure is monotonous,and the commodity rate of agricultural products is low.The author suggests that the eco-agricultural patterns of prolonging the increment chain of the products and comprehensive stereo development of the hilly land should be upheld,and some concrete measures should be implemented.
