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  • 1995 Volume 15 Issue 4
    Published: 30 October 1995
      

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  • Luo Zhangren, Jia Liangwen
    1995, 15(4): 289-294.
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    The container traffic in the economic zone of the pearl River Delta has increased with a mean annual rate of 50% since 1990.It reached 5.51 million TEU in 1993,but 99 percent of those containers were transhipped in Hong Hong port with only one percent shipped directly in the ports of the delta.The containers were transported into Hong Kong port mainly by land route,accounting for 81.7%,the rest by waterway.At present,ocean container entrepot needs to be developed in the Pearl River Delta.The reasons are as follows:1) There is a large amount of container cargo in the delta.It is predicted that container cargo will reach 10-12 million TEU by 2000,and 21-25 million TEU by 2010.A port that handles 1.5 million containers Per year can achieve good economic benefit.2) It would cut down on short-dissect traffic charges and handling charges.The charge of the two items amounted to 40 billion HKD in 1993.3) It is impossible for Hong Kong port to saed the pressure of container traffic increasing one-fold in every 4-5 years.Part of the containers would be shipped by the ports in the Pearl River Delta.Guangzhou port and Shenzhen port should be built into the ocean container ports within 5-10 years.

  • Zhang Ke, Huang Yukun
    1995, 15(4): 295-305.
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    Three geonlorphictheories i.e.dynamic equilibrium,piedmonttreppen as well as the geomorphic cycle are briefly discussed in the paper.It is obvious to know that accordant summits and stepped landforms are of various genesis indeed,and planation surfaces should be the elevated peneplain and multiple planation surfaces excluding to faulting must be responsible for multiple geomorphic cycles.It is not easy to identify the planation surfaces from the accordant summits with other origins by general methods.However,using a fuzzy model of planation surfaces,combing with three standards of planation surfaces identification,the planation surfaces in north Guangdong are recognized.They are: the North Guangdong Surface (1010-1350m above sea level (ASL),the Yanashan Surface (610-780m ASL),the Renhua Surface (410-460m ASl) and the Yingde Surface (300-350m ASL) respectively,the antic characteristics of which are also presented.The strata records in the basins both in enclosed and nearby areas as well as in the continental shelf suggest that the ages of the four surfaces are late Cretaceous to early Oligocenc,middle Oligocene to early Miocene,middle Miocene to late Pliocene and Quaternary respectively.The researches on the planation surfaces in the region also manifest that the fault-block movemant including their uplifting,subsiding and tilting is the basic feature and that the height of the North Guangdong Surface can represent the maximum elevation in neotectonic period in northern Guangdong region (estimated to exceed 1300m).

  • Zhou Guoyi, Yu Zuoyue, Peng Shaolin
    1995, 15(4): 306-312.
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    On the technology of sealed Catchment and the theory of Grey System GM (2,1),we have gotten several smoothly changing modals of time to the second order summation of surface flow coefricient in the thrne catchments of miXed forest (are),eucalypti forest (EF) and naxed land (NL) from the coasecutive measurement of ten years.The method was as follows:If Xt (0)(t=1,2……N) be the series of time (year or month) to surface flow coefficient,let:ΣXt (1)=(0) (t=1,2,……N first order summationXt (2)=(1)ΣXt (t=1,2,……N second order summation Xt (2) varies much more smoothly than Xt (1) does,and then,simulating Xt (2) (t=1,2,……N) with differential equation,we will have the model of second order summation of surface flow to time.The results show that the processes of surface flow in the three catchments were greatly different.In EF and NL,they were totally controlled by precipitation,and their flood constituted the most part of surface flow,that means that there is basically no buffering function in these two catchments.The yearly and monthly surface flows of the three catchments have been estimated with high preciseness by thais models,which have proved to be prachcable in runoff prediction.

  • Li Jingbao, Liu Xiaoqing, Pan Anmin
    1995, 15(4): 313-320.
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    Through the analysis of hydrological data measured form 1951 to 1991,it is shown that water and sand entering the Dongting Lake form main rivers rivers along the southern bank of the Jingjiang count 300.2×109m3 and 191.84×106t per year on average,respectively.The lardest monthly amounts of water and sand entering the lake occur from April to July.The ratio of the runoffs in high and low water years is 1.88~2.78,while that of the sediment comes to 2.96~13.5.After cutting off a crook of the Jinsjiang,the amounts of water and sand entering the lake from the four entrances shows a high-Water and low-water periodic cycle,and the period is about ten years,in agreement with that data of Datong Station in the Yangtze River.Floed water occurs more possibly from July to August.Any combination of flood-peak encounter Can Cause severe flood disaster in the Dongting Lake area.In flood season,the amount of water and sand entering the lake ig so large that 155.1×106t of sediment accumulate on the lake bed each year,shrinking the area of water surface,and capacity and depth of the lake.

  • Li Zhibin
    1995, 15(4): 321-327.
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    Hunan Province is rich in light heat and water resources in winter,when seldom occur flood and waterlogging,brought,plant disease and insect pests.Winter crops,such as rape,grain,vesetable,forage and green manure crops,can grow normally and give stable and high yield.To mare full use of climatic resources in winter for developerment of winter agriculture,some suggestions are put forward in this paper: 1) Pay more attention to planting winter crops.2) Expand winter crop area to form rational contribution.3) Strengthen cultivation management and scientific and technical guiding.4) Establish a modern system of production,supply and management.5) Open circulated channels to the markets.6) Exploit warm areas and warm belts in mountainous region to develop economic crops and forest.

  • Zhong Xiaoqing, Wang Yongrui, Zhang Hongda
    1995, 15(4): 328-334.
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    Xinhui Municipality is situated at the southwest of the Pearl River Delta.For studying the ecological-economic problems the all-round investigation,case investigation and random sampling in the municipality have been made for two years.It is found that the cultivated area and seeded area have shown a tendency to decrease.Per hectare yield increased by a big margin,but the total grain output increased by a small margin.The growth rate of grain is slower than the natural increase rate of population,then the per capita grain output has shown a tendency to decrease.Three Grey Models [GM (1,1)] are set up to predict the future tendency.It is estimated that the cultivated area and grain yield will further decrease.Per capita cultivated land will be only 0.0252.hectare in A.D.2010,even under the lowest lint for people's living need.

  • Yang Zaigao
    1995, 15(4): 335-342.
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    According to the information of statistics,grain problem in Guangdong is discussed in four aspects by the theory and method of poy system.1) By Analysing the Changes of the total output of grain from 1983 to 1993 in Guangdong,it can ho seen that grain production showed a tendency to decrease with lagrge undulatoa,which has given bad effects on the social-economic development of Guangdong.2) From the analysis of grey related degree (GLD),Where six indexes that have more effect on grain import are used,it is concluded that the decline in investment of agricultural capital construction is an important factor to influence grain problem.3) By grey method (1,1) the varying trend of grain production from 1995 to 2005 is predicted,it is held that me contradiction between grain supply and demand is becoming severe year by yest,and its mitigation will be very arduous,4) With decision-making method of OLD,in which eight indexes that have more effect on the total grain production are used,it is shown that per unit area yield of grain has the meat influences on the total grain production,The author considers that increasing investment and raising per unit area yield of grain are the key measures to solve the grain problem in Guangdong.

  • Zhang Ruguo
    1995, 15(4): 343-349.
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    The caloric value of mangrove orsans,the standing crop of energy,the net energy production and the photosythetically active radiation (PAR) effiCiency of the mangrove conunities at the Pearl River-Mouth are studied in this paper.The following findings are obtained: 1) The Caloric value of mangrove organs is 16.84~20.48kJ·g-1,and 18.55kJ·g-1 on average; 2) The shoding crop of energy of the mangrove communities is 154076~176099kJ·m-2,and 171224kJ·m-2 on average; 3) The net energy Production of the communities is 30380~41394kJ·m-2·a-1,and 36243kJ·m-2·a-1 on average,which is higher than that of the tropical rain forest and the savanna; 4) The utilization ratio of the PAR is 1.83% in sixteen-year-old and 1.38% in eleven-year-old Aegileras corniculatus community,1.38% in fifteen-year-old Kandelia candel conununity and 1.54% in twenty-year-old Aegiceras corniculatus-Ayucebue narina-Jabdelia candel community.

  • Wang Yingqiang, Chen Bangyu
    1995, 15(4): 350-361.
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    The Xiaojinhe basin is located in Boluo County,Guangdong,at 23°10'-23°20' N and 114°18'-114°28'E.The floristic origin of the basin is old and the flora is rich in relic and ancient types.There are 978 species of wild vascular plants belonging to 172 families and 532 genera in the area.2 new species and 1 new variety have been found,and 3 Spedes are new fecords to Guangdong.The characteristic families of the flora are Theaceae,Fagaceae,Moraceae,Rutaceae and Lauraceae ect.,Most of them are of tropical-subtropical distribution.There are 173 tropical genera and 169 tropical-subtropical senera in the flora,accounting for 35.2% and 34.4% of the genus total in the basin,respectively.Geographical elements of the flora are complex and varied.They may be divided into 14types and 13 subtypes,in which Pantropic element (32.7%) is the largest part of the flora,tropic element ranges the second,and Asia element (17.8%) and the old world tropic element (11.4%) the third Compared with 5 neighbouring florae,the Xiaojinhe flora is related closely with those of Gutian and Heishiding,and is aloof from those of Ganshiling and tonggang.The result of polar ordination method shows that the florae of the Xiaojinhe,Gutian and Heishiding belong to the same type.

  • Zhou Yue, D. Taylor
    1995, 15(4): 362-368.
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    Approximately 18 genera and 500 species (25% of the total) are thougth to be endemic to the Canary Islands.Many elements came from ancient Mediterranean Region due largely to the Ice Period and deought in Sahara area during late Tertiary.The existing Laurel Forest possesses higher concentration of endemic specica.The flora of the forest was part of the sub-tropic flora around tethys sea over middle and late tertiary,and its history could probably date back to early Tertian.Three soups of the endemic flora can be identified,which have formed during the long history.Vicariance and adaptive radiation have resulted in the evolution of the ancient endemic group.

  • Liang Guozhao
    1995, 15(4): 369-375.
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    The Nanyue Kingdom was a separatist regime in South China during the early Han Dynasty.It was founded in 204 B.C.and destroyed in 111 B.C.There has been arguement about the location of the northern border of the kingdom in historical and geographical circles.Some believed that the border was in agreement with the Five Ridges.In this peper,a ravised border line,which is situated south of those ridges,is described; the geographical and historical background to the formation of the border is studied; and the advancing routes of the five Han troops to Nanyue in 112 B.C.are discussed.

  • Huang Shaohui, Hao Enhe
    1995, 15(4): 376-383.
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    Logdong area is located in northeastern suburb of Guangzhou,covering an area of 6.618 Km2.It has been listed as one of the near future triportant tourism development projects.In this paper an investigation is made on the structures of landform and sceic resources,tourist markets,and vision corridors of space,a reasonable layout system of the establishment of the scenic axises,the construction of landscape attraction and the distribution of the functional districts is worked out according to the theories of fengshui,horticulture,architecture and landscape aesthetics etc.,Suggestions for the development of the area are put forward as follows: 1) Making an overall plan for the toutism area as soon as possible.2) Giving favourable policies in land,loan,at,etc,to the tourisms area.3) Protecting water quality of Longdong ressvoir and the sceneries of the hills and forests neraby.