The catastrophic floods of 1994 in Guangdong cause a loss of 18 billion yuan. Some problems about flood disaster reduction in the province are discussed in this paper: 1. The vulnerability of the province to disasters is increasing with the rapid economic development. Thoush more and more water conservancy facilities have been constructed, the disater losses still have been going up. 2. The artificial factors that may exacerbate flood disasters are abc increasing, such as the great expansion of paved land surfaces because of urbanization, the irrational development of the flood plains and low lying lands, the siltution of the river beds as a result of serious soil erosion, the ladle-scale transformation of landform for construction, particularly for the development of real estate in the Zhujiang Delta, etc. 3. As urbanization develops rapidly, the flood control in urban areas, which is quite different from that in rural areas, has become a pressing problem. 4. The disaster monitoring systems in the province are imperfect and need to be modernized. The author considers that attention should be paid to the regulation of the socio-economic system of Guangdong to meat the demand of disaster reduction under the conditions of market economy, while water conservancy facilities are further disproved.
The reform and open door policy has promoted the development of China's economy and rural urbaniem. Since 1991 a lot of counties in Guangdong have been upgraded to municipality systems. It promotes the development of middle and little cities. However, the excessive upgrade of county administration has resulted in disrupting the reasonable administrative division, confusing district names, distorting the correct meaning of urhanization and hampering the course of urbanization, The author considers that the administrative division system and its naming should stick to the principles of science, history and steadiness. Some measures should be taken: 1) increase productive fores, creating conditions for transformig rural people to non-agricultural ones, 2)speed up the develppment of secondary and tertiary industries, increasing the capacity of the cities and towns to absorb more agricultural surplus labour, 3) set up rational city-town system,playing the role of the central cities and making full use of the superiority of local resources.
The 20 central cities in Guangdong Province by principal components are analysed. The results show that the composite strength of the 20 central cities differs greatly from one another.Considering their developerment tendency, the 20 central cities are classified into three classes:Ⅰ.Guangzhou; Ⅱ. Shenzhen, Dongguan, Zhongshao, Foshan, Shantou, Zhuhai, Zhanjiang,Huizhou, Jiangmen, Shaoguan, Zhaoqjng, Maoming; Ⅲ. Yangjiang, Chaozhou, Qingyuan,Meizhou, Heyuan, Jieyang, Shanwei. According to the results of classification, some advice about the construction of regional central cities are given. First, ratioal construction of central cities under the conditions of market economy should be emphasized. Second, the construction of central cities should have scientific guiding ideology. Finally, the conception of the construction of the central cities in Guangdong Province are diven as follows: Guangzhou should be constructed as a central city of the state; the 12 cities of the class Ⅱ should be developed as the central cities of Guangdong Province; and the 7 cities of class Ⅲ should be built only as the local central cities in the coming 15 years.
The population distribution changes in Guangzhou are analysed based on the data of the fourth population census of China. A compared with the third census, the poplation turns to collecting to the new ditricts, and in the old districts, the population density decreased and the registered population even increased negatively in some neighbourhoods, but the temporary populationincreased quickly. The 112 neighbourhoods and towns of Guangzhou can be divided into 6 types according to the population distribution changes from 19.82 to 1990, when population in 41 neighbourhoods increased negatively. The factors affecting population distribution are mainly as follows: controlled by the rule of market economy, people are not so reluctant to leave the old districts and tend to move to the new areas with good environment, and the location factor still plays an important role.The future trend of population distibution changes of Guangzhou will be that the population in Yuexiu, Liwan districts and in the old areas of Haizhu District will not increase or increase slowly, the new areas of Haizhu and Fangcun districts and Tianhe District will be the hot areas of population increase, and the population of Huangpu and Baiyun districts also will increase. Some suggestions are put forward: 1) to control population strictly; 2) to strengthen the management of floating population; 3) to make full use of land location superiority and to move pollution industry out; 4) to quicken the steps of old districts renewal by collecting fund through various ways.
According to the analysis on the growth of the gross industrial output value and gross domestic product in Macao in the 1980s, the author believes that the major problem of the recant economic development in Macao is the descent of industry growth speed. It is considered that to solve the economic problems the industrial structure should be adjusted. Macao has its special advantages, which are different from those of southeastern coastland and other harbour cities in China.It forward development objective is a bridge connecting China with Latin countries by shipping,trade, finance and international culture exchange.
Since 1992, the Economic and Technological Development District of Zhanjiang City has achieved a great deal in industrial production, foreign capital used, introduction of advanced equipments and facilities and so on, inspired by spirit of Mr. Deng Xiaoping's talking in South China and that of the 14th CPC National Congress. Facts since the foundation of the district are analysed and ways to accelerate the construction of the district are discussed in this paper.
Xia-Zhang-Quan Area in Fujiang Province is one of the areas that the exportorientated economy has developed most quickly in China, Several conditions of this area, including favourable international opportunities, active investment from Taiwan,preferential policies of government, substantial economic basis and more perfect infrastructure are analysed. By reviewing of the developmental process of the exportorientated economy, four main characteristics about utilizing foregn investment in this area during last ten years are pointed out. 1) Most of the foreign investments are from Taiwan and Hong Kong, and now their sphere is expanding. 2) The form of foreign investment changes gradually from Chinese and foreign joint-venture to foreign owned.3) The investment scale becomes bigger than that of the past and shows large, medium and small projects existing simultaneously. 4) The foreign investments focus on industrial and labour-intensive enterprises. At last the potential advantages to speed up the export-orientated economy in Xia-Zhang-Quan Area are expounded in this paper.
The Lijiang river in Guilin is one of the key scenic spots and historical sites in China as well as a prominent natural scene regarded as the precious treasures of Chiese nation Analysis is made in this paper on both comprehensively harnessing the river and the existing problems. The cause of water shortage of the main stream has been found out.It is indicated that the economic development of the Lijiang river valley has been restricted due to the reduction of the forest resources in the valley, the worsening of ecological environment, the progressive decrease of flow in the river during dry seasons, the water pollution, and the deterioration of the scenery of natural hills and waters,thus harming Guilin Lijiang's reputation over the world.The guiding ideology and goal for harnessing the Lijiang river have been made clear in this paper. In order to promote the coordinated growth of the economy, society and environment, especially the development of tourism in the Lijiang valley, some key projects, such as developing and protecting the forests, water retarding for the Lijiang,controlling the sources of serious polution to the river, developing tourism resources,improving communication and transportation facilities, etc., have been put forward with the reqired investment and the benifit estimated.
China has a vast territory and a varied topography, The phenomenum of the unequivalency of temperature appears on a large scale, in many places and with high frequency. As agroclimatological indexes, the accumulated temperature and the starting and ending dates of the period at/above a certain temperature do not reflect such phenomenum. The unequivalency of temperature is caused by the altitude, the bad match of light and temperature and the humility. In this paper, an index of equivalent accumulated temperature is put forward, which can serve as the climatological basis for distribution of agricultural production.
Under natural conditions, many tropical fruit trees possess only little chilling hardiness. When tropical fruit trees are exposed to chilling temperature, some of them could suffer from chilling injuries. In this paper, by surveying extensively the whole case of chilling injury of tropical fruit trees in Guangzhou, the responese of those trees to chilling tempeature are expounded, the various factors affecting the degrees of chilling injury of thoes trees are discussed, and somenewly introduced tropical fruit trees which have been adapted to the climatic condition of Guangzhou are recommended, such as Elaeocarpus serratus L., Persea americana Mill, Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell, Pachira macrocarpa Walp. and so on.
Carbonate rocks are widely distributed over Hunan Province, with thick layers and developed karst geomorphology, Abundant karst water resources are important parts of water resources in Hunan, which are dispersed mostly in confluent syncline and fault zone as well as paldenudation plane. In karst peak clump-depression areas subterranean streams are developed well, depression and dry vally are line in distribution. In karst hill-depression areas underground water flows in the form of spring. Karst water bunies deeply under the surface of 50-100 m in karst hill areas and 0-20 m in karst depression, basin and flatlands, which is very heterogeneous in spatial distribution, and is different greatly in fluctuation and discharge. The types of water chemistry are principally HCO3-Ca and HCO3-CaMg. Karst water resources can be divided into three regions: Northwest Hunan karst mountain area (discharge changes greatly, water is buried deeply); South Hunan and Middle Hunan karst hill-depression areas (water is buried shallowly and its quality is good). Some measures for protecting and utilizing karst water resources rationally are put forward: 1) building reservoirs in relative aquifuge and places where the structure is simple; 2) "stopping hole" to build reservoirs; 3) retaining subterranean streams to lift up water levels; 4) carrying out "covering lids" engineering; 5) exploiting and utilizing karst water resources in comprehensive way; 6) protecting head water and water quality to prevent water pollution.
The characteristics and exploiting conditions of tourism resources in the Changjiang River basin are assessed in this paper. The influnce of the development of Pudong in Shanghai on the exploitation of the tourism resources in the basin are discussed. The authors suggest to formulate new policy for tourism industry, to promote comprehensive exploitation of tourism resources in the basin by drawing upon experience gained at key points, to readjust the structure of tourism, and to anticipate the Three Gorges Project, exploiting the tourism resources in the places that will be submerged by the future reservoir.
For the past 50 years, Mr. He has bent himself to the research in geography of South China, and has achieved great success. Firstly, in regard to developing the climate and climatic resource of South China, he got the main rules in temporal and spatial distribution of the climate in South China, and predicted the future trends and circles of the natural disasters such as frost, drought, flood and typhoon in Guangdong Province. Besides, he classified the climatic zones in Guangdong Province and the weather types of South China, estimated the advantages and disadvantages in the relationship between climate and agriculture, and put forward the relevant methods and measures for making full use of climatic resource. In recent years, he put his emphasis on the research of tropical climate in Hainan Island, Secondly, based on the research of the landform and hydro-geography of Guangdong Province, he wrote his theory and suggestions about the land use in mountain areas, and suggested to build a multi-form and multi-level port system. Lastly, he has written many articles on popular geographic science, which have achieved excellent social results.
