Nansha Port in the west bank of the Humen river-mouth of the Zhujiang,being just at the geometric centre among Guangzhou,Hong Kong and Macao,has about 7km deepwater bank line and is an excerlent river-mouth port,The enforcement of the reform and open policy bring developing opportunities to Nansha:1)Nansha Port can become an economic spreading junction between Guangzhou and Hong Kong; 2) It is an ideal import and export base in the central and west areas of the Zhujiang Delta where the economy is developing rapidly;3) The water transport for passengers and containers to Hong Kong is anxious to be devejoped;4) A Large quantity of port industry needs to speed up the development of Nansha Port.It is estimated that,by 2000 the volume of the freight handled will amount to 6-10 million tons/a,and the handled volume of the, container to 200-400 thousand TUE/a in the port.
According to the statistics of data,it is estimated that the Pearl River Delta will rise by 20-70 cm in coming fifty years.With the economy developing rapidly in the main cities of this area such as Guangzhou,Foshan,Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Jiangmen,Zhongshan and Dongguan,it has been calculated that on average the industrial wastewater drained into the rivers will increase by 9.1 percent per year,the exhausted pollutants by 7.9 percent per year,and the living wastewater by 21.5 percent per year. According to the information of the river water level changes in the past decades and the water quality of rivers in recent years, using the results from the study on the water environmental capacity and water quality planning of the Shenzhen River and the Fenjiang River,the authors predict the changing tendency of river water quality in each city by applying THOMANN Model.Because the rise of sea level will upraise the water level of river,the time that the pollutants stay in the river will last longer. The rise of sea level will also make changes in city drainage and the reflux point of rivers, leading to deterioration of water.
Guangzhou is situated in the section of mixsing flood and tidewater action in the Zhujiang river-mouth.Its terrain is low and flat with an elevation of 2.0m below the Zhujiang Base Level in the plain area.The effect of the sea level rising will be extremely clear to Guangzhou City.In the last decades, the water mark in Guangzhou has tended to rise,that has brought serious effect on city traffic, production and peoples daily life.The change tendency is caused mainly by river flow from the upper reaches and sea tide of the lower reaches as well as wind, earth subsidence,sea level rising and topographic change of river network.It is predicted that from 1990 to 2040, the mean rate of sea level rising near the zhujiang river-mouth will be 1.1 cm/a and the rate of highwater mark rising in Guangzhou will be 1.26 cm/a,and the value of highwater mark will attain to 3.20±0.20m by 2040. When the water level attains to 3.0m,the inundated acreage will be calculated at 582km2,and the losses in economy at 151.82 million Renminbi yuan in Guangzhou.
The limestone hill forests in Guangdong Province are mainly composed of trees belonging to the Anacardiaceae,Ulmaceae,Juglandaceae,Fagaceae,Lauraceae,Rosaceae,Oleaceae,and Cornaceae.About 40% of the species or 20% of the individual trees of the forests defoliate in winter.Those forests are broadleaved evergreen-deciduous mixed ones,which can be classified into 2 formations and 7 communities.The ecological environment of the limestone hills is getting deteriorative as the percentage of forest cover in this area is now only 5%-20%.Suggestions for forestation in the limestone area are put forward:1)close off the afforested hills and protect the trees;2)suit the afforestation to local conditions;3)make good planning of forest land;4) improve the silvicultural techniques;5)quicken the step of afforestation,combining with the development of economy;6)make experiments on optimal model of artificial forest in limestone hills.
There are luxuriant vegetation and abundant green feed in part of Guangxi limestone hilly areas,where the proper natural environment provides good conditions for living, and multiplying of some kinds of wild animals,such as Primates,geckoes and masked civets.For utilization and protection of animal resources, stockbreeding and sericulture should be developed,including raising some kinds of wild animals artificially.According to the difference of natural and social conditions in Guangxi limestone hilly areas, it is suggested to set up commodity production bases of goats in dense limestone hill and depression areas, those of oxen in scattered limestone hill and valley areas, and those of mulberry and silkworm in isol ated limestone hill, valley and plain areas.Practices have proved that the combination of planting and breeding is one of the effective ways for promoting economic development in Guangxi limestone hilly areas.
The present study was carried out in the six major production areas of Longan in Fujian, China,in order to find out the trace element status of the soil in productive Longan orchard.The analysis results indicated that the contents of available Zn,Me and water-soluble B in the soil of productive Longan orchards were higher than those in the red earth of China,while the contents of active Mn,available Cu and total Zn,Mn,Cu in the soil of the orchards were lower.Positive correlations between organic matter contents in the soil and available Mn,Cu,Zn contents are significant in this statistical analyse.When soil pH was 4.85-7.20,very significant or relatively significant positive correlations were found between the contents of easily reducible Mn, water-soluble B,available Zn,Mo and pH values;there was very significant negative correlation,however,between the contents of exchanseable Mn and pH values in soil.The preliminary study suggests the optimum range of contents of trace elements in the soil of Longan orchards in Fujian,that may provide parameters of nutrition diagnosis and balanced fertilization for the production of Longan orchard.
Based on the analysis of long-term hydrological and meteorological data of seaboard stations of Taiwan strait, it is indicated that,the sea surface temperature and the air temperature of east coast are notably higher than those of west coast(annual mean air temperature is 2.0℃ higher approximately). Thnere are more fog days and more annual pecipitation at east coast(annual mean precipitation is 30%-60% greater),except Tainan station.The precipitation intensity is greater,but annual mean rainy days, total low-level cloudiness and overcast days at east coast(except pengjiayu station) are fewer. Besides the influence of geographical environment,the Taivvan strait warm current waters,which carry large heat energy from south to north of the strait,also contribute to the climatic difference befween the two coasts of Taiwan strait. To a great extent,the difference is a result of feedback from ocean to air.
Based on the archaeological rice cultivation with the 14C dating of about 4 000-5 000 yr.B.P. the author holds that the plain at the lower reaches of the yangtse River is one origin of rice cultivation in Asia and the other is Allahabad of India.The propagation of ancient rice cultivation in China can be divided into three stages.The first stage is about 9 000-3 000 yr.B.P..The second is dated at 2 635 yr.,2 630 yr.,2 480yr.,2 490 yr.and 2 920 yr.B.P.from ancient rites and stone knifes or copper sickles.And the third is deduced to about 1 000 yr.B.P..According to some archaeological data, the rice cultivation had been begun during Late Jomon or Yayoi epoch about 2 500 yr. B. P. in north Kyushu of Japan,but the history to cultivate rice in the south part of Korea peninsula is only of about 1 000 yeas, and any historical remains of ancient rice cultivation before 1 000 yr. B. P.has not yet been found in North or North-east China, it is therefore infected that there were two ways for propagating rice cultivation from China to Japan.One was from lower reaches of the Yangtse River to Kyushu by sea and the other.was from Shandong peninsula to southern Korea and then to Kyushu.Being influenced by climatic changes since about 5 000 yr.B.P the propagation of the rice cultivation was stagnated for at least two times,for example, the three warm climatical stages and the two cold stages were quite in correspondence with the propagation and stagnation stages of rice cultivation,respectively,in China. During the ancient times the development of paddy rice was directively related to the flucuation of sea level which is in keeping with the climatic changes.
Xisha Islands is situated on the South China Sea,at 15°46'-17°08'N.and 111°11'-112°54'E.,with an altitude of 2.6-15.9m.The major types of vegetation are the evergreen coral island forest,scrub forest and beach vegetation.The dominant species of the forest communities are Pisonia grandis,Guettarda speciosa,Scaevola sericea and Messerschmidia argentea.There are 212 species of wild vascular plants belonging to 52 families and 147 genera in this area,of which there are 4 families,4 genera and 5 species of pteridophytes and 48 families,143 genera and 207 species of Angiosperms.The main families of the flora are poaceae,Papilionaceae, Cyperaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Malvaceae,Rubiaceae,Nyctaginaceae and Boraginaceae etc.According to the geographical distribution,Spermatophytic genera in Xisha Islands may be classified into 9 types,of which pantropic genera accounts for 70% of total genera.At specific level,elements of Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia are dominant part in the forest communities.In this area there is no species endemic to itself.Many primitive taxa such as Gymnosperms,Anonaceae and many others are not found in the flora.Comparing the composition of the flora with those of 6 neighboring regions,the flora of Xisha Islands is quite similar to these of Hainan Island.The similarity indices of genera and species are 98.46% and 94.09% respectively.Indigofera chuniana is endemic to the two regions.
Tropical peat is mainly distributed in the southern coast of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan,covering an area of 29.70km2, with the deposit of 14.55 million tons.The peat was formed in lakes and marshes during Late Pleistocene Epoch,controlled by climate and tectonic movement,especially by transgression and regression.The peat mines are of thick layer,large scale and good quality.There are eight types of peat in South China, of which the main part is woody peat.The contents of organic matter and humic acid are 70% and 56% respectively in large and medium peat mines.The tropical peat contains plenty asphalt and tar, which are valuable industrial materials.Peatland is not only important land resources,but also evironmental resources,exploitation of which can produce comprehensive benefits.
The development of the theoretic atlas compilation in China, especially in recent ten years, has provoked widely interest and appreciation in the world.It indicated that the thriving theoretic map compilation of China was just unfolding.The theoretic atlas compilation in China has a long history. It can trace back to 2000 years ago.But it developed greatly only after the founding of the People's Republic of China.many theoretic atlases had been compiled and published from the later 1950's to 1960's, such as "Natural Atlas of China"(in 1965).In the last two decades, the compilation of the theoretic atlas had developed unprecedentedly.A lot of theoretic atlases at different levels had been published,such as "Agricultural Atlas of China","Natural Atlas of Shvixi Province","Atlas of Natural Resources and Economic Development of Shenzhen",etc.The theoretic atlas compilation in China is characterized by:1)its clear aim;2) practicality;3) using new technology to shorten the time of compilation;9) manifold atlas size; 5) various publishing fashion.
The concept of the industrial belt,and the evolvement of industrial agglomeration at particular points and the spread ways throught space in the industrial belt are explored. Four stages in the evolution of spatial structure of the industrial belt are analysed:1)Independent,scattered, poorly connected and small local centres emerge; 2) A Single strong centre and its periphery together constitute a complete spatial system; 3) A single national centre and two strong peripheral subeentres together constitute a complete multi-centre spatial system;4) A strong national centre,two powerful subcentres,and a series of small local centres emerge along the development axis, then form a functionally inter-dependent system, constituting a point-axis spatial system.
The historical development of city landscape planning-design was briefly reviewed.It can be seen that in ancient time there were two schools of city landscape planning-design,of which the strict school originated from ancient Greece and the flexile school developed from the Middle Ages in the West,while in ancient China,Strict square city-Layout and flexile garden design illustrated the delicate oobination of Confucianism culture and Taoism culture. Then four basic principles of landscape planning-design of modern city,i.e.continuity of city history, expression of city characters, priority of human feelings, and harmony of vision, were discussed and stressed. According to above principles, the author proposed a plan for Shantou City landscape design:construct 1)Xiaogongyuan Pedestrian shopping Precinct reflecting the historical development and cultural features of Shantou city, 2) Seaside Long Green Corridor and Bay Bridge emphasizing the main local characters of the seaside city, 3) Jinshalu New City Center showing modernization and developing direction of the city, and 4) six big parks with different styles reprerenting the viewpoint of returning to nature. Finally,the effects and design points of lamp and advertise ornament were also discussed.
