Gaolan Port under construction is situated in the sea area of Gaolan Islands out of the mouth of Huangmao Sea on the west of the Pearl River mouth. With specific location it has characteristics and superiority of both river port and seaport, and is in the action of four types of power conditions:reciprocating current of tide, high-salt shelf water, nearshore current and wave. The deep trough formed by the first two types of power action passes through the port area, which is a natural basis for building a big deepwater port; and the Xijiang River basin as its vast hinterland, policies for the special economic zone and other continents taken to be its seaward hinterland would bring Gaolan Port great development prospects and benefits. It is a key project of adjusting port distribution in the pearl River Delta to build Gaolan Port into a big port at the Xijiang River mouth. From rational distribution of regional economy, Gaolan Port is not only an external trasportation port of the Xijiang River basin, but also an industrial port in western region of Zhuhai and one of the three biggest container ports in the pearl River Delta. It will join Guangzhou and Shenzhen ports to share Hong Kong's responsibility in international container transportation.
The unreasonable land-use structure of the old areas in Guangzhou is analysed. The author dteems that it be a strategic choice for rationalizing the old urban area land use of Guangzhou to develop the southeast part of the city, including Guangzhou Economic and Technical Development District,Tianhe High-technical Industrial Development District,Nansha Economic Development District,Huangpu Development District,Xintang processing District Lianhuashan Processing District,etc.,covering a total area of 219.6 km2.For the development of those districts,it should be considered that land-use is one kind of economic actions to produce products by means of using land,which is controlled not only by natural factors, but also by social,economic and technical conditions.As a result,the improvement of the land-use structure should be carried out in an intepxated way and relevant Dolicies and measures should be implemented.
This paper has made the statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall during typhoon season (July—October) of 1959—1982 in Hainan Province by using the standardized principal component technique. The first, from the first-4 eigenvalues of principal components, four kinds of main spatial distribution types are determined. That's the flood (drought) in the whole Hainan, the flood (drought) in the south and drought (flood) in the north, the flood (drought) in the east and drought (flood) in the west, the flood (drought) in the east and west coasts while the drought (flood) in the mid-part. The second, from the maximum absolute values of principal components the type of spatial distribution of rainfall for each year are determined. The third, from the maximum absolute values of each principal component in both positive and negative, the typical year of various distribution types is decided. The last, the frequency of appearence of each type is calculated. The results show that the theory are in agreement with practice very well. For example, the statistical analysis shows that the first eigenvalue is 67.3 percent of the total, and the actual appear once frequency of the first-type is 66. 7 percent. The results of this paper can provide scientific basis for long-range rainfall forecast.
The correlation between the daily milk productivity of 113 lactescent cows around Guangzhou area and some meteorological factors such as daily mean temperature (T),daily highest and lowest temperature(TM and Tm),wet-bulb temperature(Tw),vapor pressure and tempe rature-humidity index (THI) is analysed in this paper. The main climatic factor that influences Holstein milk productivity is high temperature,the optimum and adaptive temperature range in early Iactescent stagC are summaried:
T 15.7℃,10.1～19.4℃;
TM 17.20℃,12.0～24.3℃
Tm 13.2℃,7.9～I8.4℃;
THI 62.0℃,52.7～71.3℃.
If the limit of the adaptive temperature is exceeded,an empirical formula for calculating descending productivity of lactescent cows is suggested:
Tm =0.25 [ΔT+(ΔT-1)2/2］,(unit: kg/℃)
South China is rich in tropical and subtropical agricultural resources,eight kinds of agricultural products have important position in the country. In recent years agricultural commodity production is developing rapidly. The background of agricultural production and productive potentialities in the four provinces of South China are described in this paper. The ways of improvement are:to transform low-yielding croplands,low-yielding garden and low-yielding waters;to open up barren lands,barren hills and barren waters; to develop the technology of high-yield,high-quality and high-benefit agriculture;to raise multiple crop index properly. The trends of agrieulturzl specialization and regionaiization are developing fruits, sugarcane,rubber,rice and tea planting,fishery,animal husbandry,and sericulture according to local conditions. To meet the demands of reform and opening to the outside world in China,the arthor suggests to raise the level of agricultural modernization in an all-ound way,to develop sugarcane plantation and sugar refinery,to develop maizezones to distribute agricultural production rationsliy,to develop agricultural commodity production,and to establism and strengthen agicultural social service system. By the year of 2000 South China will be more than self-sufficient in main agricultural products and can also meet partial needs of domestic and overseas markets.
The annual total amount of water resources in Hunan is estimated about 20.85×1010m3,the total amount of water power resources is 15.33×10kW,both have great potentialities for exploitation.Ground water resources are characterized by their varied types and good quality,and are easy to be exploited.But annual precipitation and runoff are distiibnted unevenly. There are 4 high value areas and 3 low value areas.In high value areas the annual precipitation is 1600-2000 mm and runoff depth 800-1400 mm,while in low value areas they are 1100-1300 and 900-700 mm,respectively.Seasonal pricipitation and runoff differ greatly,of which over 70 percent are concentrated in the period from April to September.Calamities of drought and waterlogging occur frequently. The average silt content of the rivers ranges from 0.127 to 0.416kg/m3,and about 17.14×107t/a of silt is deposited in Dongting Lake.The lake's capacity of regulating and storing water from rivers reduces gradually.Some measures for protecting and utilizing water resources rationally are put forward: 1) increasing comprehensive benefits of the utilization of water resources; 2) strengthening the management of water conservancy facilities; 3) exploiting ground water resources;4)harnessing river basins in comprehonsive way and protecting water sources; 5) adjusting agricultural structure and distribution,developing advanced technology of irrigation.
The mountainous region in East Guangdong,South China,is an intermittently neotectonic uplift zone with main characteristic of fault-block movement.In this zone the effects of neotectonic uplift movement(NUM)on soil and water loss(SWL)are as follows:(1)NUM has controlled distribution of SWL over a wide range.In a zone where neotectonic uplift amplitude is great,generally speaking,the ratio of SWL area to mountainous region in this zone is large.(2)NUM brings about headward erosion.According to the formation and distribution of slope disintegration—the most serous type of SWL on weathered granite crust in South China,undoubtedly,it is the headwaters of headward erosion on the weathered granite crust in South China,and its growth is the process of headward erosion.(3) From stratified relief which is the outcome of NUM,SWL (especially slope disintegration) mainly occurs on lower planation surface usually with an altitudes of 200—300m. It is because that lower planation surface is in the stage of desintegration.In the author's view NUM has provided other factors leading to SWT with facility that is cutting down local base level,hence,NUM is a background factor leading to SWL.It is significant to understand this background factor for soil and water conservation (SWC) in neotectonic uplift zone:(1)In accordance with the theory of marcogeologiczl cycle, SWC is a mankind's activity to resist a certain exogenic force,and it is a certain anti-process influenced by anthropolfactor within macro-geological cycle too.Therefore,SWC is an arduous task for a long time to come.(2)The measures of SWC must be aimed at lifting up local base level.(3)Under the background factor of NUM,there are no measures of SWC whatsoever fully to keep off the loss of surface matter,and then,if SWL is reduced to such an extent that it will never or hardly again endanger normal anthropolgenic activity, its volume is regarded as "loss tolerance"(or "acceptable erosion").SWL sould be limited below "loss tolerance". On the author's calculation,the modulus of "loss tolerance" is about 350 t/km2·a),or the depths of "loss tolerance"is about 0.26mm/a in the mountainous region in East Guangdong.
The Yuncheng Basin is situated at the middle reaches of the Xijian River basin in West Guangdong.The bottom of the basin is spotted with Karst peaks,the hilly land is distributed by acid red limestone soil,and the wide valleys belong to rice soil area.The basin can be divided into three zones of soils:The middle zone with paddy soils in the broad valleys and acid red limestone soil on the hills; North and west zone where red earth and yellow earth are distributed on high hills and low mountains; East and south zone with crimson soil on low hills and rice soils in broad valleys and small plains. The author considers that the basic measures to improve soils in the a areas are as follows:1) make we11 affrestation, and water and soil conservation;2) strengthen capital construction of farmland,arid enhance the ability of controlling flood and withstanding naturai calamities; 3) popularize the system of three crops a year and raise soil fertility,expanding the area of high and stable yield farmland.
The Cryptocarya concinna,Lindera chunii community in Dinghu Mountain is one of the types of evergreen broadleaf forest in low subtropical area of China. The specific composition and structural feature in an experimental plot of 1300 m2 of the community were investigated. The community can be divided into arbor layer including 3 sublayers,shrub layer and hero layer clearly,the tallest tree was 21 m high.In the plot there were 109 species of vascular plants,belonging to 61 families 91 genera,most of which belong to tropical genera.There were 42 species of plants in arbor layer,30 species in shrub layer and 21 spacies in herb layer as well as 12 species of liana and 4 species of epiphytes in the plot.It is such a community with complex structure and species diversity.The physiognomy of the community is evergreen all the year round.The life form of plant in the community is phaenetophytes,no cryptophyte,with simple leaf and mesophylls for most trees.Those reflect the climatic characteristics of high temperature and humidity in low subtropical area.
In the past 10 years,geographic information systems (GIS) have been widely used in urban and regional planning in the developed countries in Australia,North America and Europe.However,the use of G1S in urban and regional planning in the developing countries is limited and still at an early stage of development.This paper examines the current use of GIS in urban and regional planning in the developing countries in Asia.The major hindrances in the use of GIS in the developing countries is related not so much to the technology of GIS but more to data availability,leadership,organization stracture and planning practice.For GIS to be more useful to urban and regional pianning in the developing countries the development of a sustainable strategy in developing GIS and staff training is needed.International assistance agencies and GIS software companies nies can play an active role in making GIS available and usable to the planners in the developing countries.
As a famous ancient cultural city,Guangzhou has had a history of 2800 years,and is one of the seven most important tourism cities in China.It is rich in human tourism resources,especially the revolution sites in mordern history are well known inside and outside the country.Its natural tourism resources have also some distinctive features.According to the structures of tourism resources and visitor market,considering the conditions of tourist facilities and traffic at present,the distribution of tourism development in Guangzhou City are suggested as follows:two circles and seven tourist lines be constructed.In the central circle covering 8 districts of Guangzhou City 3 tourist lines be arranged,while in the outer circle covering 4 counties 4 tourist lines be formed.The tourist functions, target markets and key construction items of each tourist line are analyzed.And,some ideas about development of tourism resources in the city are presented.
