The coral reef of Taiwan is typical in China.Taiwan is a member of the Ryukyu-Taiwan-Phillippine island are chain rimming the western border of the Pacific ocean,and is situated on the convergent and compressive boundary between two major tectonic entities,i.e.the Eurasian and the phillippine Sea plates.The collision is a very young tectonic event and the present rate of plate convergence is about 7cm/a in norhtwest-southeast direction.baldes undergoing a collision with the Luzon Island Arc,Taiwan is also involved in the tectonics and thermal processes of the Ryukyu are system at its northern end.Therefore,the seology and tectonics of Taiwan is very complicated.A group of 14C dating data of the coral reef in Taiwan Island is listed in this paper,which clarifies the age of the coral reef.And according to the topographic surface,stratigraphic unconformity,fossil and so on,the basic law of the development of the coral reef in Taiwan can be obtainted,It is concluded that the coral reef of Taiwan is closely related with the plate movement and the sea level change.Due to the plate movement the coral reef of Taiwan has been uplifted to 10～12m or 2～4m (Q4),to 40～60m of 100m (Q3),to 60～80m or 100～200m (Q2),to 250～300m (Q1).However,twins influenced by the spread and subsidence of sea floor,the reef limestone with a thickness of 1251m is formed in the subsident atoll reef of Xisha Island,of which a thickness of 169～265m is formed in Quaternary System.Form the elevation of uplifted coral reef and the rate of crust movement in Taiwan,a 3.2m higher sea level of 5000 a.B.P.is indicated.The high sea level has been found five times in Taiwan since 5000 a.B.P.,the Period is about 1000a,3～4m or 6～7m in scope.The distribution and development of the coral reef of Taiwan is a reflection of the climateand environment change since Quaternary Period.The coral reef of Q1 and Q2 is distributed mainly in the south of Taiwan,does not go beyond the latitude of 23· N.The coral reef of Q3 is distributed mainly in the south and east of Taiwan,does not go beyond the latitude of 24· N.Due to the optimum climate and tile high sea level in Holocene,the coral reef of Q42 is distributed in the south and north (about 25·30'N) of Taiwan.The distribution of the coral reef at present is similar to that of Q4 which indicates that Taiwan Island has been a tropic zone since Holocene.
After the Opium War,Macao's position as an international trade centre was replaced by Hong Kong.One of the reasons is that Macao doesn't have deep water harbour for large ships,the advantages of the free port,independent tarrif zone and the special relations to the European Common Market can not be brought into full play.The only way to develop Macao into a world trade port is to construct the deep water harbour.Macao's coastal landform tends to more deposited and less eroded.The Dadanjiao of the east Luhuan island is the promontory which is eroded most seriously by waves.and tile coastal area there is characterized by deep water,few depositions,obvious wave action,and solid seological foundation.If Macao port is constructed as "another Hongkong" to link South China to the world,its handling capacity will be enlarged.It is necessary and possible for Macao to construct a deep water harbour with measures of preventing the waves and reducing the coastal depositions.
On the background of building tile market-oriented economic system of socialism and advancing the modernization process in China,with the guidance of city-core economie district division theory and the consideration of the reality of the Pearl River Delta (PRD),in this paper,the PRD economic district is divided into 3 zones of which each is composed of 3 subzones.The 3 zones are:a) Mid-west zone with Guangzhou City as its centre and Guangzhou,Foshan,Zhaoqing as itS sub-zones; b) South-east zone with Shenzhen City as its centre and Shenzhen,Dongguan,Huizhou as its sub-zones; c) South-west zone with Zhuhai City as its centre and Zhuhai,Zhongshan,Jiangmen as its sub-zones.The sub-zones are in accordance with the administrative regions where cities and counties are basic economic areas.The sub-zones and basic economic areas have political and economic ties in history.Each zone at different levels is the combination more developed and less developed areas,and its central city/town is a part of the urban system consisting of big,medium and small cities/towns in the district.Such combination benefits the complementality between different areas,rational labour division,and the economic construction and management in the PRD.The Soal is to build the PRD into an economic zone of high-rate economic development and highly-developed civilization,with reasonable labour division,complete in fracture and service facilities,magnificent environment and combination of urban and rural areas.
The Pearl River basin lies among six provinces/autonomous region,namely,Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangxi,Guangdong,Hunan and Jiangxi.It embodies three different economic features of the eastern,middle and western sections in China,and possesses potential strategical advantages of location,water resources,and mineral,biological and tourism resources,and moreover the establishment of the economic zone of the cities along the river and its spatial influence.As for the exploitation of the basin in its totality,there would be a general consideration in three aspects:1)promoting the economic development of the basin as a whole;2) Promoting the development of foreign trade in the southern fringe of the eastern,middle and western setions in China;3) promoting the economic development of Southwest China.In order to give play to the advantage of the basin and promote its function to be realized,a proposal on the strategical measures to exploit the basin as a whole is put forward.Firstly a new setup for jointly development and opening to the outside world should be established.It is proposed to organize an economic coordination committee by the members including Guangdong,Hainan,Hunan and Jiangxi,or an economic coordination committee of the Pearl River basin based on the economic coordination committee of the five provinces/regions in southwest China and seven parties,working out a development program.Secondly,an open econimic circle of the Pearl River basin should be constructed.
In recent years,the problems of environmental pollution are brought about with the development of economy and industry.The main factors impairing atmospheric environmental quality in Guangzhou are traffic pollution,industry pollution and building pollution.The main pollutants in industry are SO2,NOx and dust.The pollutants in automobile tail gas are NOx,CO,SO2 and TSP.At present environmental quality in Guangzhou is not so good as that in many international metropolises in Asia.For building Guangzhou into an international metropolis,it is suggested that:increase the investment of environmental protection; perfect the law and regulation of comprehensive management of urban environment; regulate urban distribution;improve the structure of energy consumption and raise the efficiency of energy use; make an administration of water pollution in the Pearl River; increase the traffic land of city,speed up urban traffic construction; regulate the location of industry reasonably and adjust industrial structure; strengthen environmental education,increase environmental protection consciousness.
For calculating the yearly distribution of disasters the Monthly Distribution Percentage Method and the Vector Composition Method are generally used.In this paper,the circumference orientation is designated to the date of disasters and the radiuS distance to their strength.By calculating the density value within the annulus and drawing the isodenses,the density isogram of disasters can be completed.The center of the isgram indicates the date that disasters occur most frequently (the frequently occurring date) and their strength (the frequently occurring value).The possibility of disasters occurrance is called the frequently occurring degree.The distribution rules of disasters in a year are as follows:1) Disasters of single-peak type distribution appear in some specific durations of the year.2) The peak type of yearly distribution of the same disaster is different in different zone.3) Concentration degrees of disasters of different year groups and peak types are different.4) The more the yearly distribution of disasters concentrates,the bigger the frequently occurring degree of disasters is.5) If the yearly distribution of disasters is different,the change of density center of disasters is different.6) The especially his values of strngth of disasters often appear near the position indicated by density cent6r.7) Strength of disasters usually comes close to or is smaller than me frequently occurring value in the locality far away from density center.8) Disasters often occur in the days of solar terms or their neighbourhood.
The population urbanization in Guangdong since the 1980's are mainly characterized by that:1) the relative diversity of regional urbanization level has been reduced while the absolute diversity enlarged due to the afferent increase rates of urban population proportion;2) the strong concentration of population to the Pearl River Delta through migration has influenced the special distribution changes of both total population and urban population; 3) The middle and small cities and towns have been growing rapidly.The urban size system is still in primary model.The main impetus of urbanization in Guangdong is the rapid economic development of which the industrialization is the core.The cities could be divided into 5 toies measured by different increase rates of the Gross output Value of industry,the structure changes of the Gross Social Product and the relation between the proportion of industry employment population and that of the urban population.Though the industrialization has lagged behind the urbanization in some areas,the processes of industrialization and urbanization almost keep the same step for the province as a whole.Even more,the industrialization stepped ahead the urbanization during the 1980's.The increase rate of urban population proportion in the core area of the Pearl River Delta tends to be slower in the future on the basis of 55 percent of urban population proportion now,but the processes of urbanization in other areas of Guangdong will proceed quickly.Therefore,it is important to adjust the industry structure,to induce the reasonable labour migration and to strengthen the regional infrastructure network in order to promote the process of urbanization and the improvement of urban system.
Fuzhou City,the provincial capital of Fujian Province,is located in the Fuzhou Basin,According to the conception of The Master Urban Planning of Fuzhou City(1995-2020),the Fuzhou Basin and East Changle(Changle is a city at county level which is situated in the southeast of the basin) are main regions for the urban expansion of Fuzhou City.From the analysis of the conditions of urban expansion of the Fuzhou Basin and the east of Changle,it is indicated that there are obstacle factors which affect the urban expansion obviously in the basin,such as the limited range for urban expansion,flood of the Minjiang River,inconvenient water and air transportation,enhancing heat island effect,environmental pollution and traffic jam caused by the rapid development of Fuzhou City,etc.But in East Changle,there exist favourable conditions for urban expansion,such as the beneficial location,open landform and good geological basis,large international airport and deepwater seaport,solid economic basis,abundant external capital and so on.The author considers that for urban transform of the central city in the Fuzhou Basin environmental protection should be taken as the dominant substance,and for the urban expansion in East Changle the construction of industrial satellite towns of Fuzhou City should be taken as the dominant factor.
Dominated by the monsoonal system,wind direction in Fuzhou changes with seasons.The prevailing wind direction is north of northwest in autumn and winter,and southeast in spring and summer.Wind direction in Fuzhou is also influenced by the trend of the Minjiang valley and sea.There is a marked daily cycle of wind direction; east wind blowing from sea before noon,and west wind seaward at night.And the durations of land breezes and sea breezes yare with seasons.In winter and autumn the debation of west wind is louger than that of east wind,while in spring and summer the situation is on the contrary.The frequencies of sea and land breezes were calculated in this peper.The result shows that there are more sea and land breezes in spring and summer and less in autumn and winter.The average speed of sea breezes is higher than that of land breezes.Based on the caculated air pollution coefficient,it is considered that the SE,N and NW sections of the urban area in Fuzhou are the optimal residential areas,and the SSE,SW and WSW sections are the optimal industrial areas.Only the less pollution industries,such as electronic industry and light industry,are feasible to be distributed in the urban area of Fuzhou.
The mixed broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest is a transitional type from the deciduous broadleaf forest to the evergreen broadleaf forest,and it is one of the zonal vegetations.It can be found occasionally at the elevations of 700~1000m in Lushan mountain and is affected strongly by human activities.There are 72 families,139 genus and 214 species of vascular plants in the forest in Lushan mountain.From the areal-types of families and genera of the carpophytes,the temperate components are the most abundant,while the tropical-subtropical components lie the second.It is shown that the mixed broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest has an obvious tranSitional feature-from tropical-subtropical to temperate.Besides,the mixed broadleaf evergreen and deciduous forest in Lushan mountain contains a lot of paleo-taxa,so it is not thought that there were climatic conditions to form glacier in Q2 and Q3 in Lushan mountain.
GuangZhou City had been founded in the Qin Dynasty.It was greatly exmpded in the Tang and Song dynasties,when it bud strong economic strength and became the largest political and economic centre in South China.In the Yuan Dynasty,when the Lu Shi Si (analogous to today's city government) was established,Guangzhou as a designated city was determined administratively and legislatively,and had the administrative divisions at county level and management institutions.This marked the end of the fact that the urban district of Guanszhou had been administered by Panyu and Nanhai counties,and indicated that Guangzhou had the independent statistics in population,land taxes,comercial taxes,product taxes and religious sutucture in urban district,which reflected the position and role of Guangzhou in the regional economy and social structure of Guangdong.This made Guangzhou as a city more mature and was a milestone in the urban development history of Guangzhou.Although Guangzhou was formally desisnated as a city in 1921,being the earliest designated city in modern China,the predecessor of GuangZhou as a designated city should trace back to the foundation of Lu Shi Si in the Yuan Dynasty.
Compared with other kinds of tourism,religious tourism is characterized by stable tourist market,distinct ranks of attraction area,high rate of repeated visits and long life cycle.With Nanhua Temple in Qujiang County,Guangdong Province as an example,the relationship between religious and tourism,and the characteristics of religious tourism are studied in this paper.The tourist trade of Nanhua Temple is on the stage of development.The number of tourists increased from 416 thousand in 1989 to 516 thousands in 1992.Most of them (81.5%)came from Guangdong,and the others from other provinces,as well as from Hongkong,Taiwan,Singapore and the United States.The development of tourism of Nanhua Temple has produced great impacts on land-use and employment in the nearby regions.Finally,some suggestions to the further devlopment of religious tourism in Nanhua Temple are discussed.
