Landscapes of the Nansha Islands are divided imto 5 types: tropical oceanic organism breeding landscape on reef knoll like Zengmu Shoal, Wan'an Bank and so on; tropical oceanic organism breeding landscape on atoll, all dried reefs and most submerged reefs belong to this type; tropical evergreen arbor and bush forest and phosphorous lime soil landscape on limesand islet like Taiping Island, Zhongye Island, Nanwei Island, etc.; tropical shallow sea oceanic organism breeding landscape in southern shelf; and tropical oceanic organism breeding landscape in deep sea f which is distributed in waters from continental slope to deep sea basin in middle and northernpart of this region.These 5 landscapes may be classified into 2 categories, one is tropical oceanic landscape,including those in shallow and deep seas; the other is tropical coral reef landscape, including those on reef knolls, atolls and limesand isletS. The evolutional diagram of landscapeS in the Nansha Islands has been summarized in this paper. Distribution and evolution of landscape types in the Nansha Islands is related to peleogeography and modern environmental conditions.
The Taibei basin lies at the northern Taiwan Island,and its morphology is like a triangle.There are Tanshui river drainage system and many ichnofossils in the basin.Based on the analysis of the land form,tectonics,terraces,base level,strata ,environmental archaeology,and other relevant data of itS surroundings i.e.Taiwan Strait,the coast of South China etc,this peper studies the formation,evolution and environmental change of the Taibei basin.The Taibei basin was a fault hem and its fault age was between Q and Q.The evolution and environmental change of the Taibei basin have ben correlated with the tectonic movement after Taiwan MOvement and sea level change since Q.
The depositional fabric of the "Old Red Sandy Sediment"(ORSS)in Wenchang County ofHainan Island is st'Udied by using the method of measurement of anisotropy of magneticsusceptibility.The result indicates that although the grain fabrics of ORSS samples differs fromeach other,it is characterized by that the percentage of anisotropy(P)is 1.0031 ≤p≤1.0371being highly relevant to foliation(F),but less to lineation(L).Such characteristics are verysimilar to those of coastal aeolian dunes.ORSS can also be easily distinguished from the littoraldePOSits according to the degree of magnetism within the deposit s.Detailed comparison of thedepositional fabric betWeen ORSS and littoral and aeolian deposits is useful to the study of theorigin of ORSS.
Taiwan covers an area of about 36000 square kilometers,of which two-thirds aremountainous and hilly regions,where there are 62 mountain Peaks of over three thousand metersin altitude.Taiwan is one of the regions which have the most abundant precipitation in China,aswell as in the world.The centres of rain fields with annual precipitation more than 5000 mm aredistributed on the windward sides of the mountain ranges in northeastern and southwestern Partsof Taiwan Island.In the winter half of the year,the plentiful rains in the northeastern part andthe brought in the southwestern Pact are Caused by the joint effect of northeast monsoon andlandform.In the summer half,the rainfall in the western Part of the island is slightly more thanthat in the easthern one at the same latitude.The southwest monsoon rainfall in summmer has themajor contribution to alleviating the drought in the southwest of the island.The altitudinalincrease rate of annual rainfall is rather high,more than 100mm Per 100 meters.
The flood and waterlogging disasters are restriction factors to the economic development inGuangdong Province.The '94 catastrophic rainstorm floods in Guangdong are characterized bythat 1) the torrential rains were great,lasted a long time and distributed in a large area;2) thefloall broke with tremendous force and the river water level rose quickly,resulting in flooddisasters;3) catastrophic floods took place in succession in June and July ,resulting in seriousCalamities.Some suggestions for controllins flood and waterlogging in a Cumprehensive way areadvanced:1) to strengthen sense of flood control and raise fUnds for it;2) to reinforce theexisting water conservancy facilities;3) to construct new flood control works;4) to enhancehydrological observation and weather forecast,and the comprehensive management of riverbasins.
The Nankun Mountain in Guangdong Province is located at 23°30′～23°45′N and 113°40′～114°38′E。It is of mild climate all the year,abundant rainfall and various plant species.Onthe mountain 1925 species of vascular plants (including varieties and cultured plans),belongingto 817 genera in 220 faxnilies,have been identified.The floristics relationship between theNankun mountain and the other 5 restons based on similarity coefficient of species and genera,the ancient genera and species,and the geographic distribution are analysed.The result indicatesthat the flora of the Nankun mountain is the most similar to that of the Dinghushan in Mid-westGuangdong,the Percentages of common family,genera and species are 89.3%,77.3% and61.2% respectively.It is also striilar to those of the Heishiding in West Guangdong,Wuyishanin Fujian Province and Jianfengling in Hainan Island.Its family,genera and species common tothose of the Heishiding are 83.6%,61.4% and 49.6%;to those of the Wuyishan are 67.8%,47.0% and 33.1%;and to those of the Jianfengling are 66.l%,41.2% and 27.l%,respectively.But its relationship to the flora of the Lushan in Jiangxi Province is not so close.The common family,genera and species account for 67.2%,41.7% and 25.9% respectively.
Spartina alterniflora,a dominant and tall-stalk plant of Agrostidoideae,is originallydistributed in the resularly flooded intertidal zones along the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland tocentral Florida and Gulf coast.It was introduced to China in 1979.Spartina alterniflora can grow in a wide range of substrates from coarse sand in silty caly,butbest in silty beach between the elevations of 0.5～1.5m.In South China tropical beach,it cangrow well but can not result.Under general conditions it Can be transplanted each season in SouthChina.Biomass of the two- year-old grassland is measured,and the results are as follows:biomass above the ground 1 337g (dw)/m2,that underground 1 135g (dw)/m2 and total2 472g (dw)/m2.Harvesting experiment shows that in South China tropical beach it is Possibleto harvest three tinies each year and produce total fresh grass 71 000 kg/hm2.a.A comparison between the silting effect of Spartina beach and that of the adjacent barrenflats shows that in one year the former is usually 200%～250% of the latter.And thephysicochemical properties of soil of Spartina beach is better than those of the natural beach.Moreover,Spartina alterniflora is useful to resist ocean Pollution,and can be used as feed forlivestock,poultry and fish.
The development features and peitive effects of the township enterprises in the PRD areanalysed in this peper. The main points are:1) the fast pace and steadiness of economic growth;2) adVanced industrial structure,high level tectmological structure,a set of backbone enterpriseswith large Production scale;3) the important roles of foreign capital ,local government andlabour migrants;4) the new features of enterprise organization,such as the joint-stockcompany,enterprise group,and diversification;5) market and export orientated economy;6)regional disparity;7) the important role of township enterprises in the industrialization andrestonal development. The author believes that a new image of township enterprise has beenestablished in the PRD;township enterprise has become a very important force in thedevelopment of the PRD;the development of township enterprises has made multiple effectS ofeconomy,society and space;the PRD has become a typical model for the regional development insocialist China under the circumstance of reform and opening to the outside world.
The population density in GuangZhou City is characterized by main single centre andconsiderable difference in 8 districts and in 112 neighbourhoods and towns.HiStorically,population density in GuangZhou City rose sharply,and population distribution was mainlyattracted by the POrt.After the foundation of the People's Republic of China,a series of hiSfactories were built up in suburban areas and brought great POpulation from vther places out ofGuangzhou,a small pet of which lived in suburban area,while most in central city.As naturalincrease rate of POpulation was very high,the population density of both central city andsuburban area rose,but the former rose more quickly.Since reform and opening to the outsideworld,China's economy has grown quickly.The total population of Guangzhou has also increasedquickly.Meanwhile,the change of population density within the city becomes more obvious.Population density in central city is falling and in outer city is rising.From the analysis ofpopulation density model,it is found that population distribution of Guangzhou is in the Processof transition from early stage tO mature stage.Population falling in central city of Guangzhou,which reflects a prosperous economy of city,has essential difference from the recession of centralcity in western countries.
Central Business District (CBD),which is the core reston of a city,is essentially theagglomeration of business function of the city.The cultural quality of CBD reflected by itsshape,structure and environment is one of the most important references in the appraisement ofthe city.The internal fUnction of CBD should be dominated by tertiary sector comprising suchtrades as commerce t information,insurance,and entertainment.Its function of residence,whichwould contribute to the solution of problems including the fading of old CBD,the traffic jam oncommuter times,the exceedingly iong distance between home and the place of work for someresidents,etc.,should also be recognized.AS to the function of transport of CBD,it could beimproved in several ways: planning subsidiary center of the city in the urban master planning,playing attention to the public transPOrt development,organizing traffic divergent streams ofautomobiles,bicycles and Pedestrians,desiging adequate parking lots in the outer region of CBD.There are three kinds of Pedestrian streets of CBD in the world known as underground,on-the-ground and overhead ones.Many pedestrian streets are constructed oil the bases of old CBDsand are often located in the hard core of CBD.In the designing of pedestrian streets,thehistorical tradition of culture of the old CBD where it is situated should be preserved as far aspossible.As regards the environment of Pedestrian streets,the spatial sizes of the buildings andstreets,also with other features such as the routes and squares inside,and the atmosphere formedby decoration are to be considered carefully to comfort the feeling of the Pedestrians.
Since 1979,economic situation in Hunan Province has been much improved.But,ascompared with some adjacent provinces,the Province still has lots of shortage such as lack ofinvestment,inadequate development of industry and agriculture etc..Some measures foreconomic development of the province are put forward in this peper:reforming economic system,adjusting industry structure,increasing investment,developing science and technology to promoteProduction,developing industry energetically,setting up agriculture production hoes,andPromoting commerce development.
Land degradation is one of the most serious environment problems in Hunan Province.It is generally resulted from unreasonable human economic activities.Land degradation types include soil erosion,soil gleyedation,land infertilization,land pollution and land damage in the province.
In this pepeer the method of quantitative evaluation of tourism resources in Guangxi isdiscussed.Based upon a lot of statistics of investigation,synthetic evaluation indexes and theirorder for tourism resources of 22 cities and counties in Guangxi are calculated.The tourismresources in Guangxi are divided into 6 districtS.Those would be helpful to the exploitation oftourism resources in Guangxi.
The Daheishan mountain is located at the north bank of the Jinsha River and to the northeastof Panzhihua City in the southwest of Sichuan Province.Eagle Peak of the mountain,1820meters higher than the Jinsha River surface level,has an elevation of 2920 meters above sealevel.its vertical climate varies distinctively with a temperature difference of about 15℃ Owingto its leading feature of karst land form,the Daheishan area abounds with such landscapes as karstfunnel,karst channel,karst cave,and sinkhole.With dense primeval forest,green mountains,and primitive villages scattered,Daheishan is indeed a charming area for tourists.And there aremany rare plant species and rare protected-wildlife in the forest.With beautiful natural landscapes such as Karst Dragon Cave,Marvel Stone Oarden,andsignificant historical scenic spots such as Peach Flower hod and the Former Revolution-site ofZhu De,Daheishan has long been drawing People's attention.It is suggested to make a furtherdevelopment there by building some roads,Cable cars,and even an air-port,improving the trafficconditions,beautifying some scenic places,and exploiting new spots.
The study on human-land system with the methods of systematic dynamics is the main fieldof geography.It is considered that human should be liken as the stUdy center and the interactionbetween man and land as the main study clue.In construction if human-land system,thesystematic elements should be selected according to environment in which human take up theactivities of production and life.In determination of study content,the action of man upon landshould be taken as the focal POint and the actional model and intensity should be studiedsynthetically and dynamically.As for the study methodology,it is thought that more experimentaland simulated methods should be adopted,such as those of conservation of matter and energy,statistical inference and so on,and quantitative analysis on interactional machanism and intensityshould be made.In the paper,a detailed discussion is conducted un selecting study concent anddetermining study focal point in the east coastal area of China.
