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  • 1997 Volume 17 Issue 2
    Published: 30 April 1997
      

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  • Cai Renqun
    1997, 17(2): 101-107.
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    Since reform and opening to the outside world in China,the Pearl River Delta-Hong Kong-Macao(PHM)areas,covering an area of 42700km2 with a Population of 21.43 million people in 1994,have gradually become a united economic zone with strong economic Strength.The 1994 GDP of the zone reached 173.1 billion US dollars,and per capita average 8079 US dollars,close to that of South Korea in the same year.According to the international standard,the ten indices of modernization for a country or a region have been met in the zone.With the coming of the return of Hong Kong and Macao,an opportune moment has come for setting up an one-country-two-systems PHM Economic Zone.It is considered that a general plan should be made for regional cooperation and coordination,and construction of a unified regional infrastructure.Particularly,the development relationship between those neighboring cities,for example,that between Hong Kong and Shenzhen,that between Macao,Zhuhai and Zhongshan,and that between Hong Kong and GuangZhou,should be coordinated.Thus the zone as a whole would develop more rapidly and take a leading step in the modernization of China.Those would be of significance for the Prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao,as well as for the development of the country as a whole.

  • Yu Guoyang
    1997, 17(2): 108-113.
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    The industrial cooperation between the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong leads to the rapid economic development of the Peal River Delta and strengthens the position of Hong Kong in the international economic exchanges.However,the cooperation between the two regions at present is limited to the production mode of store in the front and plant at the backyard,which remains at a low level and can not meet the needs of develompnt.The author considers that the cooperation should be based on the development of the basic industries and raw material industries much attention should be paid to the upgrade of industrial and technological structures;heavy industry and chemical industry along coastal ports of the Pearl River Delta,light industry at the central cities,and mining and timber industries in the hinterland should be distributed,the complementary cooperation of the production factors of the two regions should be turned into that of the labour division and cooperation in the whole process of ecomonic cycle.

  • Zheng Tianxiang, Zhao Daying
    1997, 17(2): 114-121.
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    The current situations of industrial structure of Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) are analysed in this peper.It is considered that Hong kong and the PRD should Pay more attention to the structural cooperation instead of that of mutual supplement.So both regions should readjust their industrial structures based on the current Status and international trends.Hong Kong should make efforts to promote the transformation of manufactural industry while strengtherning its function as an international service trading center.The PRD should concentrate on the industrialization while improving the primary industry and speeding up the development of the tertiary industry.The PRD should transfer its industry into tech-intensive one in time,and it is not necessary for the PRD to follow the labor-intensive,capetal-intensive and tech-intensive process.some effective measures for the cooperation of main industries between the two regions are put forword.

  • Yang Ying, Zhou Hui
    1997, 17(2): 122-130.
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    China is expected to open the door wider for foreign companies to enter its market after 1997,that would influence Hong Kong firms choice of the entry mode which has been limited to the economic cooperation between Hong Kong and Guangdong Province.some principal conditions and new trends of economic cooperation between Hong Kong and inland China are analysed in this peper.It is shown that the business scope would be extended in more spheres and in a wider range of location,the investment field would be diversified.The authors auggest that investment in both labor-intensive and technology-intensive industries in the inland would be the basic strategy for Hong Kong capital to match the new trends after 1997,and the governmentS at different levels in inland China would adapt the open policies to keep pace with the economic change,for example,to relax the restrictions for Hong Hong kong businessmen to enter the inland market,to improve the investment environment,etc.

  • Ling Guozhao
    1997, 17(2): 131-138.
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    Hong Kong,as a densely-populated centre of trade and industry,has suffered water shortage for hundred years.Hong Kong's hard granite base yields no appreciable underground water source and there are no sizable lakes or rivers it is estimated that the surface runoff of Hong Kong is about 1.33×109m3a on average,and per capita amount of water resources is only 220m3.An absolutely necessary way to solve the water shortage problem of Hong Kong is to import fresh water from the mainland.Since the Dongjiang-Shenzhen Water Supply System was constructed in 1965,water from the Dongjiang (East River) has been diverted to Hong Kong in a Steady stream The volume of the Dongjiang's water supplied to Hong Kong increased from 68×106m3 in 1965 to 620×106m3 in 1989.Nowadays,more than 70% of the fresh water consumed in Hong Kong is from the Dongjiang.It is expected that at the beginning of the 2lst century,it would reach 1.1×109m3.However,the cities and counties in the Dongjiang Basin,as well as the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,Huangpu District of GuangZhou,and the Daya Bay area,which are situated outside the besin,also make increasing demands on Dongjiang's water,as their economy has developed rapidly for the pest two decades.It is predicted that by 2010 water from the Dongjiang that would be supplied to Hong Kong and the above-mentioned areas in Guangdong Province would amount to 12.4×109m3,increasing by 130% over 1989.The purposes of the development of water resources in the Dongjiang Basin include not only water suPPlies,but hydraulic electrogeneration,flood control,inland navigation,and environmental peotection,etc.as well.It is suggested that a coordinative mechanism should be established for a unified management of water resources,and,an overall plan for the sustainable development of the Dongjiang Basin should be made.

  • Xu Junliang
    1997, 17(2): 139-148.
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    Hong Kong Port is of a typical mountainous drowned valley bay which is characterized by strong tide,weak wave and little dePosition.Inland China has long searved as the major hinterland of the Port.Though imPort and export services for local manufacturing industry were once its dominant functions from the 1950s to 1970s,Hong Kong has been an international trade transfer port in the past 150 years that Still presents the direction of future development of the port.Hong Kong has good port facilities.Its handling capacity keeps up a steady increase with 169 million t in 1995.The containers handled in the port reached 12.6 million TEU,that makes Hong Kong the largest container port in the world.However,Hong Kong port is now puzzled by two problems: 1) the port has been overloaded with its handling of containers,2) the reclamation of land from the sea may adversely affect the safety of the port.The author auggests:1) to construct two deep water harbour along the coast from the pearl Island,Tuen Mun to Tsing Shan Power Station,and the northern coast of the Lantau Island;2) to speed up the construction of container ports,"software" of the harbour management system,etc.and urban environment of Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Zhuhai,Shantou and Zhanjiang,which should keep close links with the port of Hong Kong.

  • Chen Chaohui
    1997, 17(2): 149-156.
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    As famous big city in the world,Hong Kong is characterized by its large population,lively social and economic ativities,augged landform,and shortage of water and land resources.But Hong Kong now has been built into a beautiful and clean international metropolis with good ecologic environment.One of its successful experiences is to take a series of effective land policies:1) reclaiming fields from the sea to make new usable land resources;2) saving the construction land and raiding the efficiency of land use;3) distributing cities and towns rationally,and improving infrastructure facilities and municipal works;4) paying attention toenvironmental improvement,and keeping the environment clean;5)attaching importance to afforestation and protecting the natural environment of villages and islands;6)drawing up a series of policies of land use and land management.The experiences of Hong Kong can be used for reference in other regions in China,but they should not be imitated blindly,because Hong Kong is actually a special urban region with poor farm land and little agricultural output value.

  • Huang Zhenguo, Zhang Weiqiang, Chen Tegu
    1997, 17(2): 157-163.
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    The potential flora,the vegetation type,and the famlies and species of mangrove,as well as the development of red weathering crust show that Hong Kong is situated at the northern part of monsoon tropical zone.Some typical tropical plants such as Dacrychum Nd Sonneratia of mangrove,which are now distributed only in Hainan Island,can be seen in the marine sediments Q32 with dating of 36 480~-16420 a B.P.and 36230~-30560 a B.P.,showing warmer and wetter climate during that Period in Hong Kong.In the Middle Holocene Stratum three species of tropical mangrove,the Brubuiera Cerits and rhizophora observed,displaying Stronger tropical feature at that bime.At present,only Btrguiera of the three species can be found in the mangrove.Modern beach rock is forming along the south coast of Hainan Island,but in Hong Kong beach rock is dated 2820-1700 a B P..From the analysis of Spore pollen,foraminfera,calcareous nannofossils and mineral,three marine strata interbedding with three continental deposits strata have been indentified in Hong Kong,indicating three times of transgression that occurred during Q31 Q32-2 and Q4 respectively.The elevations of ancient sea level were -35~-50m during Q31,-25~-30m during Q32-2,and -15~-20m during 8000 a B P.Some shell layers dated 5520 a B P.at an elevation of 0.5~1.2m indicate that the sea level during 5000 a B P.had been close to that at present and then fluctuated with slight descent.According to the tidal data from 1950 to 1996 in Hong Kong,in which the data during 1953~1956 are not so reasonable and therefore they are rejected,a rate of sea level rise of 2.0 mm/a during 1959~1996 is calculated.In combination with the long series of tidal data of about 70 years (1925~1996) in Macao,a curve of sea level change in Hong Kong and Macao area can be established,and the rate of sea level rise during 1925~1996 is 1.8 mm/a.

  • Walter E Parham Research Associate
    1997, 17(2): 164-172.
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    Hong Kong's international character and geological setting provide a unique opportunity to encourage cooperative research on environmental problems of hot,wet tropical/subtropical lands.The findings of my geological and mineralogical research in Hong Kong in the 1960-1970s offered newinsights and any rapport current efforts to restore degraded land in South China today.Increased cooperation among South China,Hong Kong,and other international researchers could provide much needed solutions for improving the productivity of degraded lands and the quality of life for the people who depend upon taem.

  • W. W .-S. Yim
    1997, 17(2): 173-178.
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    An analysis of data collected from tide gauges has indicated that the sea-level in Hong Kong area is undergoing uplift at a rate of about 1 mm/year.However,in coastal land reclamations under the influence of Iong term ground settlement,tea rate of subsidence may exceed the rate of uplift resulting in an apparent relative sea-level rise.Consequendy,reclaimed land affected by large amounts of ground settlement are suscegtible to marine inundation during storm surges generated by typhoons.In order to assist future coastal develoPment.it is recommeded that continuous monitoring of long term ground settlement is carried out on the reclaimed land using state-of-the-art surveying methods including satellite altimetry and laser ranging.This is needed to provide warning on subosience problems so that measures including sea defence by dykes and flood pumping stations may be used to address the problem of flood damage.

  • Deng Cong
    1997, 17(2): 179-183.
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    Some twenty Tai Wan Culture of Neolithic Age sites 5000 to 6000 years ago have been explored in the Circum-Pearl River Delta area,and eleven of those were located on mine islands.These archaeological findings revealed important evidences of the fact that People had already resorted to exploring marine protein resources as early as around 6000 years ago.

  • Chen Shupei
    1997, 17(2): 184-190.
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    More than 380 ha of mangrove forests are distributed in a large area of the coast regionaround Hong Kong,where there are 16 species in 16 genera of 13 families,most of which are oftropics.The 10 vegetation types can be classified into two formation groups,one is sea-beachmangrove forest and the other is coast semi-Mangrove forest.The classic vegetation type iscomposed of Heriliera littorais Kandelia candel and Brubuiera gynmorrhiza etc and Heritiera littoralisforest looks like the primeval one.Mangrove forest is a Special kind of vegetation resources,which plays an important role in Protecting ecological environment of the coast areas of HongKong,and can be used for development of ecological tourism as well as for scientific research andeducation.

  • Yang Luhua, Ou Shuhong
    1997, 17(2): 191-195.
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    As a charming city for tourists,Hong Kong has been one of the top ten tourism cities in the world.In 1996,more than ten million tourists from all over the world visited Hong Kong.Abundant in tourism resources,Hong Kong attracts tourists with its beautiful mountains,Streams,sand beaches,and islands,as well as its historical sites,ancient villages,temples,and local conditions and customs.Hong Kong also impresses tourists with the combination of Chinese and western culture,the integration of old Streets with modern buildings,the delicious foods,and the shopping arcades.Good transportation and communication conditions,and high quality accommunication and entertainment facilities are of importance for the development of tourism industry in Hong Kong.

  • Chen Junhong
    1997, 17(2): 196-202.
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    The recent development of tourism in Guangdong,HOng Kong and Macao (GHM) and the relations among them are analysed.With abundent tourism resources,favourable geographic location and good transportation and communication facilihes,distinctive local tourist images and successful cooperation experience in the pest years,the cooperation among the tourist circles of GHM will become more extensive and more profound after 1997 and 1999 when the sovereignty of Hong Kong and Macao return to China,respectively.some ways for further cooperation in tourism development are also proposed,such as strengthening connection and coordination among the tourism administrations of GHM,setting up an overall tourism image for the great tourism region of GHM as a whole,designing new and attractive tourist routes,and building an effective regional tourist information System of GHM,etc.

  • Situ Shangji
    1997, 17(2): 203-211.
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    From the analysis of its ancient civilization and administrative organization system,the author aims at clarifying that Hong Kong has ever been a part of the territory of China.A series of topics about changes in its historical geography since Hong Kong was brought under British rule after the opium War: the process of its spatial expansion,township development,economic rise,special political arena and characteristic aspects of culture are discussed.It is pointed out that the main reasons for Hong Kong to become a world economic metropolis are:its advantageous location,influx of Chinese capital,man power and technology,special opportunity,as well as the assiduous managerial operations and hard work on the part of the native Chinese rather than the success of the Britich colonization.

  • Wang Maochun
    1997, 17(2): 212-216.
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    China is cut apart into four Parts in politics today.Each Part differs in their economic developmental level.The return of Hong Kong in 1997 will brought a new opportunity to the unification of the two sides of the Strait.The special action of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the connections between the two sides of the Strait,and the traditional relations among Taiwan,Hong Kong,Guangdong and Fujian should be enhanced.Closer economic relations should be established by way of developing economies of Fujian and Guangdong and narrowing the economic gaps among Taiwan,Hong Kong,Guangdong and Fujian.The economic integration of the two sides of the strait should be attained,and then the peaceful unification accompished.