With the Census data, we analyzed the distribution characteristics and the natural environmental backgrounds of longevity regions in Hubei in the past fifty years, using ArcGIS spatial-temporal analysis and SPSS mathematical statistics methods. The study showed that: During the past fifty years, the ratio of the centenarians between Hubei and the whole country had been lower than that of the population, and the gap with the average level of the whole country had been greater; The spatial difference of ratio of the centenarians in county area was obvious, the ratio of Hillock Farmland in Northern Hubei ranked the top, and the ratio of southwest mountainous region, Jianghan plain and hilly regions of southeastern Hubei grew rapidly; The center of gravity of the centenarians moved southeastward and gradually approached the geometric center and population mean center of the province. There were 29 relative longevity districts in the last 50 years, which were mainly distributed on the Hillock Farmland in Northern Hubei and plain-hill ecotone at the rim of the Jianghan plain, while others distributed in the low mountains and hills in northeastern, southeastern and southwestern Hubei. There were some nature-environmental features in those relative longevity districts, such as no intense heat in summer, no severe cold in winter and moderate rainfall, good airflow, lower altitude, flat terrain and soil rich in Mo, Mn, Zn and other trace elements.
Through the long-term data collection for Shanghai travel agencies, the spatial distribution pattern and its evolution of metropolitan travel agencies are studied with GIS analysis method, the influencing factors on the distribution and evolution of tourism industry are analyzed. The results are as follows: The spatial distribution pattern of the travel agencies in Shanghai was composed of "a gathering center with single core and two dispersal sub-centers ", and now the overall spatial distribution pattern has become "a ring core cluster with C-typed clustered secondary agglomeration rings". The expansion direction of the travel agencies is more obviously from the city center to the west and the southwest, while less to the east and northeast. The travel agencies continuously spread to all levels of business districts, scenic spots, and population accumulation areas. The evolution of the spatial distribution of the travel agencies is characterized by the process from low concentration to high concentration, and the degree of the agglomeration is increasing. Industrial spatial distribution of travel agencies and its evolution are influenced by the factors such as urban spatial patterns, population distribution, regional development, tourism resources, reception capacity, communications condition and so on. The analysis of the spatial distribution and evolution of travel agencies in metropolis would be helpful to metropolitan tourism industrial structure adjustment and industrial space layout.
In this paper, we use Gibbs-Mirtin diversification index, location quotient and the contribution rate of production value to quantificationally analyze the internal industrial structure of manufacturing in Fujian Province. The study is based on the panel-data of 20 manufacturing industries during 2005-2013. After making the quantitative analysis, this paper has pointed out the characteristics of industrial structure as well as its evolution about the internal industrial structure from perspectives of diversification of industrial departments and specialization of the competitive industries. The results show that the level of diversification of manufacturing industrial departments in Fujian has gradually increased these years, and the development of manufacturing industrial departments has become more balance. However, there are some differences among the manufacturing departments for the level of specialization. Some sectors of manufacturing industries, such as chemical fiber manufacturing, communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing are at high level of professionalization, showing a clear advantage compared with other sectors. However, the industrial advantages are not obvious, there are only 35% of the industrial departments whose location quotient are greater than or equal to 1, and manufacturing output values account for 46.71% of the total in the whole province. As for the tendency of evolution, potential industries such as non-metallic mineral products and agricultural and sideline products processing have been emerged. In addition, the advantage degree of the related industries has been improved in pair and the situation of the industrial professional development in Fujian seems pretty well.
Based on the data of CO2 flux and interaction between land and atmosphere from the observing tower in Phoenix Mountain of Zhuhai, the study computes the source area of corresponding time in evergreen broadleaved forest in the mountain, and analyzes the change rule with different atmospheric stability conditions, different seasons and different time using K-M model. We develop a series of standards, which can judge the uniform lever and certify the applicability of the K-M model by computing the ratio between the projected area and the surface area. The results show that the distribution of source areas is similar to that of the main wind direction in stable atmospheric condition, and not completely similar to the main wind direction distribution in unstable atmospheric condition. In winter, the source area is mainly distributed in the northern and eastern directions. In spring, before the onset of the monsoon, the source area distribution is similar to that in winter. After the onset of the monsoon, the distribution of the source area is relatively concentrated in the southwest and southeast directions. The rule is similar to that of the distribution of wind direction. As for daily variation, the area range at night is larger than that in the day. The maximum range more likely appears at night. With the monsoon onset, the time delays from T02:00 to 04:00. The cause is probably that the atmosphere in different seasons reaches the most stable condition in different time. The minimum range of the source area occurs in the period between T 07:00-09:00, when the turbulent activity is the strongest.
A large area of mangrove wetland has been preciously conserved in Zhenhai Bay of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. However, scholars and local government have not paid much attention to this area yet. In this paper, multi-source remote-sensing images of four periods (namely Declassified Intelligence Satellite image acquired in 1970, KH-9, SPOT-2 image obtained in 1999, ALOS multi-spectral image in 2007, and the ZY-3 image captured by domestic satellite in 2015) were used. Integration of spatial distribution characteristics of mangrove forest and objected-oriented multi-scale segmentation, visually interpreted approach were combined for accurate classification of mangrove forest. Results demonstrate that the areas of mangrove forest in Zhenhai Bay were 931.4, 615.3, 678.5 and 783.7 hm2 in 1970, 1999, 2007, and 2015 respectively, showing a declining trend in the former 10 years and later an upward tendency. Specifically, during the period from 1970 to 1999, the change of mangrove forest in this area was mainly due to the destruction of original forest, when only 5.7% of original forest was preserved. Later, during the period of 1999-2015, the interruption of people and artificial remediation coexisted, but on the whole the degree of the damage decreased. The area of mangrove forest increased 63.2 and 105.2 hm2 during 1999-2007 and 2007-2015, respectively. Hence, the primary driving factors that affect mangrove’s temporal and spatial change were the combined influences of the sprawl of aquaculture ponds and the artificial recovery of plants. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a series of measures for targeted protection and development of the mangrove wetland (e.g. protecting the suitable land, developing the ecotourism and realizing the dynamic monitoring on mangroves), so as to provide decision support for rational exploitation and better protection of mangrove forest resources in the area.
Based on hourly sampling data in coastal shallow groundwater at eastern part of Leizhou Peninsula, water quality fluctuations under tidal influence are analyzed. The results prove that: 1) Na+ and Cl- are the chief ions in the groundwater of the research zone, while K+ and CO3 2- are ignorable. Groundwater quality in Donghai Island is stabilized, and no obvious correlations can be found among ions in the water. Quasi-synchronization variations of ions in the groundwater do exist in Nandu River basin and Xinliao Island. 2) The damage of alkalization of groundwater to soil in Nandu River area is the lowest, while that in Xinliao Island the highest, especially during spring tide. Changes of alkalization degree in Donghai Island are within very limited boundaries that are barely affected by tidal power. On the contrary, higher alkalization damage comes about during spring tide in both Nandu River area and Xinliao Island, derived from stronger seawater intrusion caused by strengthened tidal power, which aggravates the damage of alkalization of groundwater to soil. 3) As for the intensity of seawater intrusion to the groundwater, Donghai Island suffers the worst hit on average regardless of tidal power, which indicates an ordinary phenomenon. The maximal intensity during spring tide in Xinliao Island is higher than that in Donghai Island, while mean damage in Xinliao Island is lower than that in Donghai Island. Intensity of seawater intrusion is the lowest in Nandu River area and even down to zero at some time. 4) Na+ and Cl- in the groundwater of each monitoring well are closely correlated and are the major constituents in TDS, which also lead to main changes in TDS. TDS fluctuation is the most obvious in Nandu River area, and then in Xinliao Island. TDS in Donghai Island barely changes. 5) Conductivity monitoring in groundwater can be a way to monitor mineralization of water, as well as Na+ and Cl- in Nandu River and Xinliao Island, while interval instead of precise monitoring can be carried out for Donghai Island.
