Based on the case of the Flower City Square in Guangzhou, this research is dedicated to analyze the spatial perception of the Square through the visual methodologies of cognitive map, photo shooting and eye-tracking experiment. The research results are as follows: 1) Through the analysis of the cognitive map and the data of eye-tracking experiment, the consistency of elements appeared in the cognitive map with high frequency and the elements that attract the participants in the eye-tracking experiment can be found. In this case, it can also be found that the buildings, boundaries, places and areas of the Flower City Square were the most interesting factors for participants, which had a shorter first fixation time in eye-tracking experiments and appeared more frequently in cognitive maps; 2) By analyzing the hotspot graph of fixation point and time, some suggestions on urban planning and design can be proposed: the reasonable combination of buildings, structures, installations and sites should be emphasized during the process of city open space planning, and more attention should be paid to spatial hierarchy, space order and place construction. In addition, the use of neuroscience research methods such as photography and eye-tracking experiments can provide new prospective for public participation in urban open space planning and design.
With the rapid development of E-commerce and smart city in china, it produces the explosive growth of the urban data. These data is an important data source for urban calculation. This study introduced rough sets to compute urban service entities with spatial reference coordinates. This study has done following studies in this paper. 1) It got distance near table in a given distance value for every spatial urban service entities, then related spatial entities table with distance near table. Then it got every spatial near entities of urban service and spatial urban service transaction database. 2) It got information decision table from spatial transaction database using SQL technology. It used every urban service name as attribute name in decision table. It used any service as decision attribute, others as conditional attribute, then it can get spatial association rules for this decision service and others’ service. 3) It got attribute core and attribute reduction of spatial decision attribute using rough sets concept and method, then got spatial urban service association rules based on its reduction. The main contributions of this study are as follows: 1) By introducing rough sets, the complex geospatial association problem is transformed into information decision problem, and the spatial association and other topological relations between urban entities are calculated in the information decision table. The calculation process and results can mine the spatial aggregation and association problems between urban industries. 2) Attribute kernel can reduce the dimension of high-dimensional spatial data and find the important factors affecting spatial association. 3) Broaden the theoretical methods of urban computing and the application of rough set method. Through Nanning City service industry data from Python crawling to verify the method, the results of the calculation to the mature Apriori algorithm results, as well as the actual situation of Nanning City service industry spatial association is basically consistent, proving the feasibility and correctness of the rough spatial association method.
Theme park has gradually evolved into a major type of tourist attraction. Location as a decisive factor for the success of theme parks has been strongly emphasized in the literature, yet the factors that influence the location of the theme parks are not well-explained because of the limitation of case study. For this purpose, a new, simple method analogy to Mata analysis is used to identify the key factors for a theme park to be successful. Then, a principal component analysis and stepwise regression are applied to empirically evaluate the validity and significance of the key factors. The study finds that: 1) The level of economic development and doing business environments are the important factors that decide the location of Chinese theme parks. The combination of the two interprets 57.6% of the location of theme parks. The regional economic level (GDP) is one of the decisive factors. The government governance capacity and institutional performance are another, which have the same degree of impact on the location of theme parks. It highlights the importance of the doing business environments in promoting the investment in a government-led development economy; 2) The location of Chinese theme parks is market-oriented with a high degree of spatial agglomeration. They like to cluster together for the sake of agglomeration effects, hence are spatially clustering in the three relatively developed areas of the Bohai Rim Region, the Yangtze River delta and the Pearl River delta in China; 3) The Chinese theme parks are increasingly influenced by the operational costs, such as land prices and wages. Some small-size theme parks search either for spillover effects of the large-size theme parks or for the niche market in order to evade competition; 4) The influence of the tourists perceived image of a destination on the location of theme parks begins to decrease. In the future, the impact of economic development and doing business environments will become more prominent to the location of theme parks. In conclusion, the study finds three major factors that determine the location of the Chinese theme parks, i.e. the economic development level, the doing business environments, and the operational cost of the theme parks.. Hence, for governments who want to attract more private venture capital for the development of tourism, it is imperative to improve working efficiency and provide good public services for investors and residents. With the continuous reformation and development of China, the doing business environments in China will become more and more optimized. Factors affecting the location of the theme park will also change accordingly. The success of theme parks will depend more on its core competitiveness, brand influence, cultural connotation and service quality.
The adjustment of administrative divisions at county-level is an important manifestation of national spatial governance. This thesis mainly reviews 631 cases of county-level administrative divisions adjustment in China from 2000 to 2016, and summarizes the main types of county administrative division adjustment, including turning counties (cities) into districts, turning counties into cities, the combination of the administrative districts, the establishment of the administrative districts, boundary adjustment, affiliated change and institutional upgrading. This part of research shows that the type of changes implies a profound socioeconomic context and specific needs. The charts and diagrams analyze the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of the county-level administrative division adjustment of various types and quantities, which is characterized by the combination of time concentration and spatial aggregation. It is found that the content and direction of the administrative divisions’ adjustment at county-level will change along with the different strategic orientations of different countries or regions. Through the adjustment of county-level administrative divisions, the number of county-level cities has been increased, the scale and space of urban areas in large cities have been expanded, the spatial resources of urban internal areas have been reorganized, and the spatial structure of administrative districts has been upgraded. Based on the spatial management, this paper argues that the adjustment of county-level administrative divisions is of great significance in the national spatial governance and optimization of economic and social development. It is essentially to establish a more complete system and spatial foundation for the modernization of state governance. On the tendency of development, it is believed that the study of the relationship between the adjustment of county-level administrative divisions and national strategy and regional development, and the research of implicit logic from the exploration process of the county-level administrative division reconstruction will become a hot spot. The adjustment and optimization of county-level administrative divisions are basically carried out in accordance with the requirements of urbanization, regional development, border governance and ethnic regional development. According to the research, this paper aims to provide a reference for the reform of county-level administrative divisions in China, and to provide ideas for improving the type structure of county-level administrative divisions and optimizing spatial distribution. Through the research, it can also provide basic support for promoting the study of the modernization of state governance and optimizing the set of county-level administrative divisions.
Land use and land cover (LULC) classification is the important foundation for research on global changes, while establishing a scientific LULC classification system is the fundamental question for research on LULC changes, which is in need of being solved at first. It can influence the expressive methods of classification results, determine the research purposes and application areas of classification product. The existing LULC classification systems on regional or global scales place emphasis on monitoring and research in land areas, while several coastal LULC classification systems on national scale show specific pertinence and teleonomy. It is lack of universality of LULC categories in the global coastal zone, especially in the classification of coastal wetlands. In view of the significant diversity of LULC categories and a lack of LULC classification systems in the global coastal zone, the main research works are as follows: a detailed overview of global coastal zone was presented; the Ramsar Convention was of particular concern, as were several wetland classification systems on regional or global scales; the classification rules and classification principles were defined and followed strictly. As a result of this study, we established one kind of LULC classification system for global coastal zone considering fine classification of wetlands. More specifically, this classification system, which covers most types of land resources comprehensively, includes six primary categories and 20 secondary categories as well as 43 tertiary categories. It is worth mentioning that primary categories mainly include cropland, vegetation, wetland, built-up area, bare area and permanent ice and snow; furthermore, tertiary categories emphasize the division of coastal wetland resources adequately and accurately, including coastal saltwater and inland freshwater, which hold a total of 16 basic categories. This classification system has clear hierarchy and strict classification, as compared with the traditional classification systems. The advantages of this system are as follows: 1) it meets the need of remote sensing monitoring research on LULC classifications and changes in coastal zones on regional or global scales; 2) it attaches importance to the rich and diverse wetland resources in the global coastal areas; 3) it emphasizes the attribution and classification of tundra in the high latitudes of the world; 4) it takes into account the advantages of low, medium and high spatial resolution satellite data. Overall, such a classification system can provide support for establishing the multi-temporal datasets of LULC changes in the global or regional coastal zones, which is not restricted by the source data types; it can also provide service for scientific research on coastal zones on different scales by adding and deleting categories, which is applicable to different researchers.
Under the background of tourism commercialization, the tourism landscape production of ancient villages has been different. This paper aims to explore how the tourism landscapes produced in ancient village are today and to find a proper way of producing tourism landscapes. Taking Hongcun, an ancient village in Anhui, as an example, this paper researches the mode of production and mechanism of tourism landscape by participant observation and semi structured interview. The result shows that with the development of commercialization, Hongcun tourism landscape production mode changed from the original simple protection for cultural relics and ancient building to more complex. The corresponding production methods for three different types of tourism landscape are as follows: for the static tourism landscapes which are always gazed by tourists, people of Hongcun enhance the integrity of landscape by adding details while protecting the authenticity of heritage normally; for dynamic and participant tourism landscapes, they create diversified events and activities to enrich landscape types and strengthen external marketing in the form of uniting government and enterprise; for those tourism landscapes which are used to create atmosphere, they inherit the local ancient customs and retain the lifestyle of residents to provide fertile soil for the authenticity and vitality of the local culture. There is a production mechanism that many kinds of forces involved in behind Hongcun tourism landscape production: the government and the developer form a union in which politics and capital play their roles respectively and cooperatively, they are the leading forces of tourism landscape production; the local residents are the core soul of tourism landscape production with living in Hongcun as before and continuing the ancient way of life and traditional culture; Scenic spot merchants enjoy producing small-scale and personalized “shop landscape” to attract tourists, and they are the active member of tourism landscape production; The suggestions for improvement from external tourists are important references for the production of Hongcun tourism landscape. The above four power groups interact with each other, influencing the final outcome of Hongcun tourism landscape production in the process of pursuing their own interest. Finally, the paper points out that the tourism landscape production of the ancient villages needs to restore the living scene of the original inhabitants. It may be a positive solution to the tourism landscape production of ancient villages by establishing a balanced, sustainable landscape production mechanism and a reasonable benefit distribution system in the trend of the commercialization of tourism. This paper contributes to a more profound understanding of the meaning and mechanism of tourism landscape production and richer literature on landscape production by exploring Hongcun which is a typical ancient village tourism destination. Moreover, this research may be an available advice for managers of scenic spot and policy makers of ancient villages to answer the question that how to create new landscape or improve the quality of original landscape.
