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  • Original Paper
    ZHOU Chunshan, LIN Sainan, DAI Dandan
    2013, 33(5): 511-517.
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    Based on the investigation and in-depth interviews with 56 enterprise CEOs and managers in the Pearl River Delta(PRD), this paper addresses that location, policies and laws, production costs, infrastructure and the supporting capacity of industry are five determining factors that influence the development of enterprises. By establishing the index evaluation system, this paper makes use of Analytic Hierarchy Process method to analyze the investment environment changes of the labor-intensive industries and the tech-intensive industries. The result shows that the investment environment now is more favorable to technology-intensive industries rather than labor-intensive industries. Meanwhile, we make a further analysis on the reasons influencing investment environment for the PRD in production costs, location, policies and laws and the supporting capacity of industry and so on. Finally, in order to improve the investment environment in the PRD, we suggest that the government should speed-up industrial upgrading and encourage the industry transfer; redevelop the old factories, old villages and old towns to release more land; and foster regional integration.
  • Original Paper
    ZHOU Chunshan,LIN Sainan,DAI Dandan
    2013, 33(5): 511-517.
    Based on the investigation and in-depth interviews with 56 enterprise CEOs and managers in the Pearl River Delta(PRD), this paper addresses that location, policies and laws, production costs, infrastructure and the supporting capacity of industry are five determining factors that influence the development of enterprises. By establishing the index evaluation system, this paper makes use of Analytic Hierarchy Process method to analyze the investment environment changes of the labor-intensive industries and the tech-intensive industries. The result shows that the investment environment now is more favorable to technology-intensive industries rather than labor-intensive industries. Meanwhile, we make a further analysis on the reasons influencing investment environment for the PRD in production costs, location, policies and laws and the supporting capacity of industry and so on. Finally, in order to improve the investment environment in the PRD, we suggest that the government should speed-up industrial upgrading and encourage the industry transfer; redevelop the old factories, old villages and old towns to release more land; and foster regional integration.
  • Original Paper
    SUN Wu, LI Guo, LI Tao, CHEN Shidong, CHEN Dongmei, JIANG Hairong
    2013, 33(5): 518-526.
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    With the 1:10 000 topographic map of Guangzhou in 1928, the land types, built-up area and scope of urban building land were determined, and the construction land was divided into three categories, which were single building, arcade streets, and blocks. According to historic data and field investigation,a 2D model of built-up area was reconstructed by giving different value to the three categories without considering the altitude. The flat pattern, mean height, spatial pattern, aspect ratio, skyline and urban morphology of Guangzhou was studied. The conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) In 1928, Guangzhou’s built-up area was 17.77 km2 and the city’s shape was elongated along the Pearl River. 2) Most buildings were short and their average height just was 6.07 m. 3) The flat pattern was built in multi-level blocks and arcades streets with high aspect ratio, which were the largest combination of buildings in Guangzhou. 4) The roads with high aspect ratio provided plenty of natural ventilation. 5) Not only the height of single buildings but also the skyline reflected well that the height distribution presented a reverse T shape composed of the Yanjiang Road West along the Pearl River and the city central axis from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall to Municipal offices building. 6) Basin, block, valley and terrace were the basic elements for Guangzhou’s urban spatial morphology. Guangzhou’s spatial morphology not only reflected urban functional areas and the combination of productivity and market in the period of the Republic of China but also became a typical representative of the cities surrounded by hills and rivers in South China.
  • Original Paper
    SUN Wu,LI Guo,LI Tao,CHEN Shidong,CHEN Dongmei,JIANG Hairong
    2013, 33(5): 518-526.
    With the 1:10 000 topographic map of Guangzhou in 1928, the land types, built-up area and scope of urban building land were determined, and the construction land was divided into three categories, which were single building, arcade streets, and blocks. According to historic data and field investigation,a 2D model of built-up area was reconstructed by giving different value to the three categories without considering the altitude. The flat pattern, mean height, spatial pattern, aspect ratio, skyline and urban morphology of Guangzhou was studied. The conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) In 1928, Guangzhou’s built-up area was 17.77 km2 and the city’s shape was elongated along the Pearl River. 2) Most buildings were short and their average height just was 6.07 m. 3) The flat pattern was built in multi-level blocks and arcades streets with high aspect ratio, which were the largest combination of buildings in Guangzhou. 4) The roads with high aspect ratio provided plenty of natural ventilation. 5) Not only the height of single buildings but also the skyline reflected well that the height distribution presented a reverse T shape composed of the Yanjiang Road West along the Pearl River and the city central axis from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall to Municipal offices building. 6) Basin, block, valley and terrace were the basic elements for Guangzhou’s urban spatial morphology. Guangzhou’s spatial morphology not only reflected urban functional areas and the combination of productivity and market in the period of the Republic of China but also became a typical representative of the cities surrounded by hills and rivers in South China.
  • Original Paper
    ZHU Huibin
    2013, 33(5): 527-532.
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    City civil center movement as an important strategy and governance mode shows effective influence on city development. The paper adopts level evolvement research method to study the location criterion and influencing element of civil center movement for Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou metropolitan in the PRD. The research shows that the concept of civil center changes in China and forms new trend for diffusion of service center and related infrastructure. Civil center movement can be classified into three types as regional integration, space governance driving and new development mode creation. The study on Shenzhen-dongguan-Huizhou metropolitan comes to the conclusion that the civil center movement of Shenzhen is related with regional cooperation of PRD region and Shenzhen-Hong Kong integration, the civil center movement of Dongguan is related with spatial governance to reach the goal of function exchange between new and old civil centers, the civil center movement of Huizhou is related with new urban development pole creation. These three successful movement modes help inspection of the combination and interaction development path between political center and economic center in metropolitan and would be enlightening for metropolitan development in China.
  • Original Paper
    ZHU Huibin
    2013, 33(5): 527-532.
    City civil center movement as an important strategy and governance mode shows effective influence on city development. The paper adopts level evolvement research method to study the location criterion and influencing element of civil center movement for Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou metropolitan in the PRD. The research shows that the concept of civil center changes in China and forms new trend for diffusion of service center and related infrastructure. Civil center movement can be classified into three types as regional integration, space governance driving and new development mode creation. The study on Shenzhen-dongguan-Huizhou metropolitan comes to the conclusion that the civil center movement of Shenzhen is related with regional cooperation of PRD region and Shenzhen-Hong Kong integration, the civil center movement of Dongguan is related with spatial governance to reach the goal of function exchange between new and old civil centers, the civil center movement of Huizhou is related with new urban development pole creation. These three successful movement modes help inspection of the combination and interaction development path between political center and economic center in metropolitan and would be enlightening for metropolitan development in China.
  • Original Paper
    ZHANG Guifang, ZHENG Zhuo, BARRY Rollet, HUANG Kangyou, YUE Yuanfu, ZHU Guangqi
    2013, 33(5): 533-541.
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    A 540 cm long sediment core was collected from a residual swamp in Fuzhou basin. Element geochemical, 137Cs and 14C isotopic dating techniques were applied to determine recent sedimentation rates. The results indicated that there were two sedimentary environments for the core. The sedimentary environment of the lower part was proluvial-alluvial and the upper part was swamp. However, both of them were very stable. The three concentrations of 137Cs from swamp sediment were in excellent agreement with the 137Cs fallout activities of the northern hemisphere. The interpolated age of the core bottom was 1950, agreeing with the dating result of 14C, suggesting the 137Cs dating result of this core was reliable. The sedimentation rates showed that the proluvial-alluvial sediment was very rapid in the subsiding area of Fuzhou Basin from early 1950s to middle 1960s which was about 20.9 cm/a. With the change of the basins and plains and the development of Channel Bars in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River, the broad channel changed to the swamp, and the sedimentation rate was decreasing: from middle 1960s to middle 1970s, it was about 9.9 cm/a; and from middle 1970s to middle 1980s, it was about 7.1 cm/a; and later, it was about 3.1 cm/a. The extremely large sedimentation rates in the study area were closely related to the different activities of fault blocks in Fuzhou Basin.
  • Original Paper
    ZHANG Guifang,ZHENG Zhuo,BARRY Rollet,HUANG Kangyou,YUE Yuanfu,ZHU Guangqi
    2013, 33(5): 533-541.
    A 540 cm long sediment core was collected from a residual swamp in Fuzhou basin. Element geochemical, 137Cs and 14C isotopic dating techniques were applied to determine recent sedimentation rates. The results indicated that there were two sedimentary environments for the core. The sedimentary environment of the lower part was proluvial-alluvial and the upper part was swamp. However, both of them were very stable. The three concentrations of 137Cs from swamp sediment were in excellent agreement with the 137Cs fallout activities of the northern hemisphere. The interpolated age of the core bottom was 1950, agreeing with the dating result of 14C, suggesting the 137Cs dating result of this core was reliable. The sedimentation rates showed that the proluvial-alluvial sediment was very rapid in the subsiding area of Fuzhou Basin from early 1950s to middle 1960s which was about 20.9 cm/a. With the change of the basins and plains and the development of Channel Bars in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River, the broad channel changed to the swamp, and the sedimentation rate was decreasing: from middle 1960s to middle 1970s, it was about 9.9 cm/a; and from middle 1970s to middle 1980s, it was about 7.1 cm/a; and later, it was about 3.1 cm/a. The extremely large sedimentation rates in the study area were closely related to the different activities of fault blocks in Fuzhou Basin.
  • Original Paper
    WU Qinghua,MIN Xingling,ZHOU Yongzhang,LU qiang
    2013, 33(5): 542-548.
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    The rapid economic development of the Pearl River Delta region has caused over-exploitation of resources, environmental pollution and ecosystem function damage. In order to seek the spatial gradient of environment, the S, N and C contents of Funaria hygrometrica are studied in three typical areas which are Guangzhou, Zhaoqing and Huaiji, representing the core, periphery and edge of the Pearl River Delta, respectively. Analytical results show that there is positive correlation between the sulfur and nitrogen contents in Funaria hygrometrica and the degree of industrialization. The contents of the sulfur in Funaria hygrometrica of Guangzhou, Zhaoqing and Huaiji City are 2 485.86, 1 778.15 and 1 339.84 mg/kg respectively. The contents of the nitrogen in Funaria hygrometrica of the three cities are 2106.5 mg/kg, 2 007.39 mg/kg and 1 661.88 mg/kg, respectively, and both the contents of sulfur and nitrogen in Guangzhou are the highest, while those in Huaiji the lowest. However, the correlation between the C/N ratio of Funaria hygrometrica and the degree of industrialization is negative. The C/N ratios of Funaria hygrometrica are 18.377, 18.513 and 23.905 in Guangzhou, Zhaoqing and Huaiji, respectively, and C/N is the lowest in Guangzhou and the highest in Huaiji. That signifies that major components of elements N changes in atmosphere. The element N in the atmosphere of Huaiji originates from NHx-N(ammonium) based on the emission from agriculture, while that in Guangzhou originates from NOx-N(nitrate) based on the emission from industry mainly.
  • Original Paper
    WU Qinghua,MIN Xingling,ZHOU Yongzhang,LU qiang
    2013, 33(5): 542-548.
    The rapid economic development of the Pearl River Delta region has caused over-exploitation of resources, environmental pollution and ecosystem function damage. In order to seek the spatial gradient of environment, the S, N and C contents of Funaria hygrometrica are studied in three typical areas which are Guangzhou, Zhaoqing and Huaiji, representing the core, periphery and edge of the Pearl River Delta, respectively. Analytical results show that there is positive correlation between the sulfur and nitrogen contents in Funaria hygrometrica and the degree of industrialization. The contents of the sulfur in Funaria hygrometrica of Guangzhou, Zhaoqing and Huaiji City are 2 485.86, 1 778.15 and 1 339.84 mg/kg respectively. The contents of the nitrogen in Funaria hygrometrica of the three cities are 2106.5 mg/kg, 2 007.39 mg/kg and 1 661.88 mg/kg, respectively, and both the contents of sulfur and nitrogen in Guangzhou are the highest, while those in Huaiji the lowest. However, the correlation between the C/N ratio of Funaria hygrometrica and the degree of industrialization is negative. The C/N ratios of Funaria hygrometrica are 18.377, 18.513 and 23.905 in Guangzhou, Zhaoqing and Huaiji, respectively, and C/N is the lowest in Guangzhou and the highest in Huaiji. That signifies that major components of elements N changes in atmosphere. The element N in the atmosphere of Huaiji originates from NHx-N(ammonium) based on the emission from agriculture, while that in Guangzhou originates from NOx-N(nitrate) based on the emission from industry mainly.
  • Original Paper
    YANG Long,WEN Meili,ZHOU Xia,LI Xinghua,FU Shuqing,ZHANG Hongou, FANG Guoxiang,HUANG Jianming
    2013, 33(5): 549-554.
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    Nankeng River, a branch of Xinfengjiang River, directly flows into Xinfengjiang reservoir, which is the largest drinking water source in Guangdong Province. During the field survey, waste water without treatment inflooded the Nankeng River due to lawless mining. So 9 common pollutants, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg, were determined in the water and sediments of Nankeng River. The results showed that water was contaminated seriously in low water period. In 2011 and 2012, the contents of Pb, As and Hg in water were 1.7-1.8, 1.3-1.9 and 1.6-2.9 times over the second grade of drinking water quality standard, respectively, while those of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and As in sediments were 4.8, 9.0, 3.9, 4.3 and 10.9 times, respectively, over the soil quality standard. Otherwise, the riparian plants from Nankeng River were collected and identified, and 15 plant species, dominated by fern and perennial grass, were found. The 9 common pollutants in plants were also examined, and the results indicated that Pteris vittata was not only an arsenic-accumulating plant, but also a compound-accumulator, which can be used in the soil remediation of multiple contamination.
  • Original Paper
    YANG Long,WEN Meili,ZHOU Xia,LI Xinghua,FU Shuqing,ZHANG Hongou, FANG Guoxiang,HUANG Jianming
    2013, 33(5): 549-554.
    Nankeng River, a branch of Xinfengjiang River, directly flows into Xinfengjiang reservoir, which is the largest drinking water source in Guangdong Province. During the field survey, waste water without treatment inflooded the Nankeng River due to lawless mining. So 9 common pollutants, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg, were determined in the water and sediments of Nankeng River. The results showed that water was contaminated seriously in low water period. In 2011 and 2012, the contents of Pb, As and Hg in water were 1.7-1.8, 1.3-1.9 and 1.6-2.9 times over the second grade of drinking water quality standard, respectively, while those of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and As in sediments were 4.8, 9.0, 3.9, 4.3 and 10.9 times, respectively, over the soil quality standard. Otherwise, the riparian plants from Nankeng River were collected and identified, and 15 plant species, dominated by fern and perennial grass, were found. The 9 common pollutants in plants were also examined, and the results indicated that Pteris vittata was not only an arsenic-accumulating plant, but also a compound-accumulator, which can be used in the soil remediation of multiple contamination.
  • Original Paper
    ZENG Lanhua,YANG Liwen,YU Wanyuan,LI Haishan,OU Xianjiao
    2013, 33(5): 555-561.
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    The composition, life forms, damage degrees, original districts and invasive routes of alien invasive plant species in urban wetlands of Meizhou City are analysed in this paper based on our field survey and literature review. The results show that 33 species from 16 families and 29 genera of alien invasive plant species are distributed in the urban wetlands of Meizhou. The Asteraceous plants are the most in number and take up 27.3% of the total species. Herbaceous plant is the dominant life form. In addition, there are 10 species that have caused high degree of threat to the local ecological environment. Most of the alien invasive plant species originally were from the Americas and were introduced intentionally or unintentionally by human beings. On the basis of the research, the strategies for controlling the alien invasive plants are proposed, such as establishing ecological risk evaluating system, enhancing entry quarantine, enhancing regional cooperation, increasing public awareness, effectively preventing and controlling the alien invasive plants, and transforming harmful plants into useful ones, etc. The results of this paper will provide reference for sustainable development of urban ecology and economy of the city.
  • Original Paper
    ZENG Lanhua,YANG Liwen,YU Wanyuan,LI Haishan,OU Xianjiao
    2013, 33(5): 555-561.
    The composition, life forms, damage degrees, original districts and invasive routes of alien invasive plant species in urban wetlands of Meizhou City are analysed in this paper based on our field survey and literature review. The results show that 33 species from 16 families and 29 genera of alien invasive plant species are distributed in the urban wetlands of Meizhou. The Asteraceous plants are the most in number and take up 27.3% of the total species. Herbaceous plant is the dominant life form. In addition, there are 10 species that have caused high degree of threat to the local ecological environment. Most of the alien invasive plant species originally were from the Americas and were introduced intentionally or unintentionally by human beings. On the basis of the research, the strategies for controlling the alien invasive plants are proposed, such as establishing ecological risk evaluating system, enhancing entry quarantine, enhancing regional cooperation, increasing public awareness, effectively preventing and controlling the alien invasive plants, and transforming harmful plants into useful ones, etc. The results of this paper will provide reference for sustainable development of urban ecology and economy of the city.
  • Original Paper
    LI Gaocong,XIONG Kangning,XIAO Shizhen,ZHOU Mingzhong
    2013, 33(5): 562-569.
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    This paper makes a research on the geomorphologic value of Shibing Karst, including karst evolutionary environment, types and distribution of karst landforms, geomorphological evolutionary history, and the records corresponding to the major stages of earth's history. The paper also makes a comparative analysis between karst landform of limestone and that of dolomite. The outcome illustrates that Shibing Karst has a very suitable context for karst landform development, like other regions in southern China; it shows the unique and spectacular dolomite fengcong-gorge landform in tropics and subtropics, with the reverse rejuvenation from Fenglin to Fengcong karst, and it is the typical site for dolomite gorge landform and its evolution; Shibing Karst has recorded the Caledonian Movement, Hercynian Movement, Indo-China Movement, Yanshan Movement and Himalayan Movement of southern Asia. The Yanshan Movement created Bijiashan anticline and other dislocations and formed the base terrain-skeleton of Shibing Karst. The Himalayan Movement shaped comprehensively the gorge karst landform in Shibing. The dolomite karst of Shibing shows open landform structures, while closed landform in limestone area, Shibing Karst occupies a very important position in the series of South China Karst and has geomorphologic value of World Natural Heritage.
  • Original Paper
    LI Gaocong,XIONG Kangning,XIAO Shizhen,ZHOU Mingzhong
    2013, 33(5): 562-569.
    This paper makes a research on the geomorphologic value of Shibing Karst, including karst evolutionary environment, types and distribution of karst landforms, geomorphological evolutionary history, and the records corresponding to the major stages of earth's history. The paper also makes a comparative analysis between karst landform of limestone and that of dolomite. The outcome illustrates that Shibing Karst has a very suitable context for karst landform development, like other regions in southern China; it shows the unique and spectacular dolomite fengcong-gorge landform in tropics and subtropics, with the reverse rejuvenation from Fenglin to Fengcong karst, and it is the typical site for dolomite gorge landform and its evolution; Shibing Karst has recorded the Caledonian Movement, Hercynian Movement, Indo-China Movement, Yanshan Movement and Himalayan Movement of southern Asia. The Yanshan Movement created Bijiashan anticline and other dislocations and formed the base terrain-skeleton of Shibing Karst. The Himalayan Movement shaped comprehensively the gorge karst landform in Shibing. The dolomite karst of Shibing shows open landform structures, while closed landform in limestone area, Shibing Karst occupies a very important position in the series of South China Karst and has geomorphologic value of World Natural Heritage.
  • Original Paper
    SHI Peng,WU Miao,CHEN Xi,ZHANG Zhicai,QU Simin
    2013, 33(5): 570-574.
    With the increasing demand for water, the importance of karst aquifers as a resource has grown. Modeling the response of karst aquifers and water storage in such systems thus becomes an important challenge. Considered the complexity of the underlying surface at the karst area in Southwest China, a conceptual distribution hydrologic model which could simulate the main physical processes of hydrological cycle especially the runoff generation in the epikarst zone is proposed. The model structure is simple and most parameters can be obtained from field work directly. The model is calibrated and applied to the Sanchahe Basin which is located in Guizhou Province in the Southwest of China. The simulation results are satisfactory.
  • Original Paper
    LI Tao,ZHAO Dongxing,ZHANG Meilang,CAO Jianhua,ZHU Xiaoyan
    2013, 33(5): 575-581.
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    In order to understand the occurrence degree of karstification under different soil CO2 concentration and soil water chemistry, the soil CO2 concentration, water content and erosion rate of limestone were monitored in the area of Guilin, Guangxi Province.The results showed that: (1)The soil CO2 concentration had seasonal variation obviously with a trend of that the highest in summer and the lowest in winter, the soil CO2 concentration in summer was 3~5 times as many as those in other seasons on the whole, the maximum was 60899.64 mg/m2, while the minimum only 5587.21 mg/m2; (2)The CO2 concentration in the soil of depression was higher than that in the soil of slope at the layers of the same depth, the former was nearly 20 000 mg/m2 more than that of the latter in summer, and the concentration was higher at deep layer than that at surface, and the mean value was 4353.54 mg/m2 more than the concentration at surface; (3) The average values of soil water chemistry in the soil of slope and depression were as follows: pH 7.49 and 6.41, conductivity 300 μS/cm and 78 μS/cm, Ca2+ 60 mg/L and 15.43 mg/L, 2.78 mg/L and 0.44 mg/L, respectively; the pH value, conductivity, Ca2+ and in soil water of slope were all higher than those of the depression; (4) Corrosion test indicated that the Karstification was very obvious in the study area, and was closely related to soil CO2 and soil water. So it is concluded that the karstification was driven by soil CO2 and soil water.
  • Original Paper
    LI Tao,ZHAO Dongxing,ZHANG Meilang,CAO Jianhua,ZHU Xiaoyan
    2013, 33(5): 575-581.
    In order to understand the occurrence degree of karstification under different soil CO2 concentration and soil water chemistry, the soil CO2 concentration, water content and erosion rate of limestone were monitored in the area of Guilin, Guangxi Province.The results showed that: (1)The soil CO2 concentration had seasonal variation obviously with a trend of that the highest in summer and the lowest in winter, the soil CO2 concentration in summer was 3~5 times as many as those in other seasons on the whole, the maximum was 60899.64 mg/m2, while the minimum only 5587.21 mg/m2; (2)The CO2 concentration in the soil of depression was higher than that in the soil of slope at the layers of the same depth, the former was nearly 20 000 mg/m2 more than that of the latter in summer, and the concentration was higher at deep layer than that at surface, and the mean value was 4353.54 mg/m2 more than the concentration at surface; (3) The average values of soil water chemistry in the soil of slope and depression were as follows: pH 7.49 and 6.41, conductivity 300 μS/cm and 78 μS/cm, Ca2+ 60 mg/L and 15.43 mg/L, 2.78 mg/L and 0.44 mg/L, respectively; the pH value, conductivity, Ca2+ and in soil water of slope were all higher than those of the depression; (4) Corrosion test indicated that the Karstification was very obvious in the study area, and was closely related to soil CO2 and soil water. So it is concluded that the karstification was driven by soil CO2 and soil water.
  • Original Paper
    ZHUANG Xin,CAO Shikui,HU Guanguan
    2013, 33(5): 582-587.
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    Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark of Shenzhen is plentiful in animal resources. Survey on animal diversity in the geopark was carried out from August 2012 to Jan 2013. The results showed that a total of 109 species of vertebrates were recorded, in which there were 16 species of beasts, 63 of birds, 19 of reptiles and 11 of amphibians. Analysis showed that Oriental Realm dominated the species composition. There were 1 species and 12 species in the geopark which belong to the first and second class state key protected wildlife in China, respectively. Those species include Python molurus, Manis pentadatyla, Miluus Korschun, Falco peregrinus, F. peregrinus, F. tinnunculus, Accipiter nisus, Polophilus sinensis, Centropus bengalensis, Glaucidium cuculoides, G. brodiei, Cuora trifasciala and Haplobatrachus rugulosus, etc. Meanwhile, some important species were discovered in the park for the first time, such as Paramesotriton hongkongensis. In the paper the situation and protection of the wild vertebrate resources in this region are analyzed, some suggestions about species identification, habitat protection, appropriate recovery plans, cooperations in the protections, propaganda and education, etc. are proposed.
  • Original Paper
    ZHUANG Xin,CAO Shikui,HU Guanguan
    2013, 33(5): 582-587.
    Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark of Shenzhen is plentiful in animal resources. Survey on animal diversity in the geopark was carried out from August 2012 to Jan 2013. The results showed that a total of 109 species of vertebrates were recorded, in which there were 16 species of beasts, 63 of birds, 19 of reptiles and 11 of amphibians. Analysis showed that Oriental Realm dominated the species composition. There were 1 species and 12 species in the geopark which belong to the first and second class state key protected wildlife in China, respectively. Those species include Python molurus, Manis pentadatyla, Miluus Korschun, Falco peregrinus, F. peregrinus, F. tinnunculus, Accipiter nisus, Polophilus sinensis, Centropus bengalensis, Glaucidium cuculoides, G. brodiei, Cuora trifasciala and Haplobatrachus rugulosus, etc. Meanwhile, some important species were discovered in the park for the first time, such as Paramesotriton hongkongensis. In the paper the situation and protection of the wild vertebrate resources in this region are analyzed, some suggestions about species identification, habitat protection, appropriate recovery plans, cooperations in the protections, propaganda and education, etc. are proposed.
  • Original Paper
    KAN Xinglong,ZHOU Yongzhang
    2013, 33(5): 588-595.
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    Watershed-scale ecological function zoning can provide scientific basis for ecological and environmental protection. This study is based on the analysis of watershed geographic elements, ecological sensitivity, ecosystem services, and extent of urban development and productivity layout. With RS, GIS technology, this paper uses combination methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis to make out the Nanliu River Basin ecological function zoning. Spatially the Nanliu River basin is divided into six ecological function zones: Ⅰ ecological function zone of forest ecosystems, Ⅱ ecological function zone of terrestrial ecosystem to maintain water environment, Ⅲ ecological function zone of soil and water conservation, Ⅳecological function zone of forestry products supply, Ⅴecological function zone of urban development, Ⅵ ecological function zone of coastal waters. The problems existing in the zones are expounded and the countermeasures against those problems are suggested in the paper.
  • Original Paper
    KAN Xinglong,ZHOU Yongzhang
    2013, 33(5): 588-595.
    Watershed-scale ecological function zoning can provide scientific basis for ecological and environmental protection. This study is based on the analysis of watershed geographic elements, ecological sensitivity, ecosystem services, and extent of urban development and productivity layout. With RS, GIS technology, this paper uses combination methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis to make out the Nanliu River Basin ecological function zoning. Spatially the Nanliu River basin is divided into six ecological function zones: Ⅰ ecological function zone of forest ecosystems, Ⅱ ecological function zone of terrestrial ecosystem to maintain water environment, Ⅲ ecological function zone of soil and water conservation, Ⅳecological function zone of forestry products supply, Ⅴecological function zone of urban development, Ⅵ ecological function zone of coastal waters. The problems existing in the zones are expounded and the countermeasures against those problems are suggested in the paper.
  • Original Paper
    ZHOU Wenzhi,ZHU Peijuan,LI Ainian,CHEN Ying
    2013, 33(5): 596-603.
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    Colleges and universities are trending towards openness and diversification with the influence of reform and construction promoted by the social transition in China. Study of the environment cognition on two types of campus would make it significant to construction and development of colleges and universities based on the tendency from unitized campus to socialized campus. Using Environment-behavior study as an entry point, this paper selects Hunan Normal University and Central South University, which represent socialized campus and unitized campus respectively, as comparative cases. Questionnaire survey on the basis of exploratory research is used to extract samples of environmental cognition and spatial behavior, and the subjective evaluation and sketches depicting are employed to obtain the first-hand data and information. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of statistical data, visualization sketch, buffer analysis and spatial overlay, some conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) Socialized campus is integrated into the urban system in its passive adaptation to the social transition, forming an open and sharing situation, that leads to worse environmental cognition, as compared with that of unitized campus. 2) As natural and geographical factors, function pattern and users’ subjective awareness intertwine together, with the impetus of time factor, the spatial behavior patterns different from those in unitized campus appear in socialized campus. 3) The interaction mechanism between environmental cognition and spatial behavior is built based on the expansibility of students’ cognition and the persistent impact of the social transition environment. Finally, the paper also discusses some views on university construction.
  • Original Paper
    ZHOU Wenzhi,ZHU Peijuan,LI Ainian,CHEN Ying
    2013, 33(5): 596-603.
    Colleges and universities are trending towards openness and diversification with the influence of reform and construction promoted by the social transition in China. Study of the environment cognition on two types of campus would make it significant to construction and development of colleges and universities based on the tendency from unitized campus to socialized campus. Using Environment-behavior study as an entry point, this paper selects Hunan Normal University and Central South University, which represent socialized campus and unitized campus respectively, as comparative cases. Questionnaire survey on the basis of exploratory research is used to extract samples of environmental cognition and spatial behavior, and the subjective evaluation and sketches depicting are employed to obtain the first-hand data and information. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of statistical data, visualization sketch, buffer analysis and spatial overlay, some conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) Socialized campus is integrated into the urban system in its passive adaptation to the social transition, forming an open and sharing situation, that leads to worse environmental cognition, as compared with that of unitized campus. 2) As natural and geographical factors, function pattern and users’ subjective awareness intertwine together, with the impetus of time factor, the spatial behavior patterns different from those in unitized campus appear in socialized campus. 3) The interaction mechanism between environmental cognition and spatial behavior is built based on the expansibility of students’ cognition and the persistent impact of the social transition environment. Finally, the paper also discusses some views on university construction.
  • Original Paper
    YAN Tingxia,BI Shuoben,WEI Jun,LI Xiliang
    2013, 33(5): 604-609.
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    This paper carries on the arrangement and classification of historical materials on hail disasters during the Ming Dynasty of China, builds a database of hail disasters, and grades the hail disasters according to the size and harm of hail. Firstly, it reveals the regularity of time distribution and frequency of hail in the Ming Dynasty by using the methods of statistics; Secondly, it shows the distribution of different grades of hail disasters on the administrative division map of the Ming Dynasty. The results indicate that: There were 1970 times of hail disasters that occurred in the Ming Dynasty; The hail disasters can be classified into three grades, in which the most was the second grade of hail disasters; Hail disasters in the Ming Dynasty had obvious phased and seasonal characteristics; Hail disasters more happened in the middle and later periods of the Ming Dynasty, more in spring and summer, less in autumn, and the least in winter; The disasters mostly were distributed in the eastern regions, less in the western, not so much in the central, also less in the northern and southern regions; In different provinces the seasonal distribution was different. It is believed that the results could provide a reliable historical background for prediction and prevention of the future hail disasters.
  • Original Paper
    YAN Tingxia,BI Shuoben,WEI Jun,LI Xiliang
    2013, 33(5): 604-609.
    This paper carries on the arrangement and classification of historical materials on hail disasters during the Ming Dynasty of China, builds a database of hail disasters, and grades the hail disasters according to the size and harm of hail. Firstly, it reveals the regularity of time distribution and frequency of hail in the Ming Dynasty by using the methods of statistics; Secondly, it shows the distribution of different grades of hail disasters on the administrative division map of the Ming Dynasty. The results indicate that: There were 1970 times of hail disasters that occurred in the Ming Dynasty; The hail disasters can be classified into three grades, in which the most was the second grade of hail disasters; Hail disasters in the Ming Dynasty had obvious phased and seasonal characteristics; Hail disasters more happened in the middle and later periods of the Ming Dynasty, more in spring and summer, less in autumn, and the least in winter; The disasters mostly were distributed in the eastern regions, less in the western, not so much in the central, also less in the northern and southern regions; In different provinces the seasonal distribution was different. It is believed that the results could provide a reliable historical background for prediction and prevention of the future hail disasters.
  • Original Paper
    SHI Changhai,QIAN Qinglan,CHEN Yingbiao
    2013, 33(5): 610-616.
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    “Yuedong” is a toponym that is widely used, it means “the eastern Guangdong” in Chinese. However, its ancient geographical senses and modern geographical senses are different. There are also several explanations of “Yuedong” in the contemporary era, that influences our daily life and work. Consequently, it is necessary to seek a more reasonable geographical sence of “Yuedong” and the result would provide reference for relevant departments. Having combed the evolution of the ancient senses of “Yuedong” according to historical documents, the paper observes the usage of the toponym in contemporary academic circles and the media with quantitative statistic ways. The research shows that the scope of “Yuedong” became smaller gradually along with the constantly narrowing of the scope of “Yue” in ancient time. There are at least four geographical senses of “Yuedong” in the contemporary era. In those four senses, the saying “Yuedong has five cities” is the most accepted by academia and the media. In combination with the economic development situation and natural terrain features, the paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each geographical sense of “Yuedong” in the contemporary era, and tries to make a united definition for “Yuedong”. According to the definition, “Yuedong” refers to the eastern part of Guangdong, including five cities: Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Shanwei and Meizhou.
  • Original Paper
    SHI Changhai,QIAN Qinglan,CHEN Yingbiao
    2013, 33(5): 610-616.
    “Yuedong” is a toponym that is widely used, it means “the eastern Guangdong” in Chinese. However, its ancient geographical senses and modern geographical senses are different. There are also several explanations of “Yuedong” in the contemporary era, that influences our daily life and work. Consequently, it is necessary to seek a more reasonable geographical sence of “Yuedong” and the result would provide reference for relevant departments. Having combed the evolution of the ancient senses of “Yuedong” according to historical documents, the paper observes the usage of the toponym in contemporary academic circles and the media with quantitative statistic ways. The research shows that the scope of “Yuedong” became smaller gradually along with the constantly narrowing of the scope of “Yue” in ancient time. There are at least four geographical senses of “Yuedong” in the contemporary era. In those four senses, the saying “Yuedong has five cities” is the most accepted by academia and the media. In combination with the economic development situation and natural terrain features, the paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each geographical sense of “Yuedong” in the contemporary era, and tries to make a united definition for “Yuedong”. According to the definition, “Yuedong” refers to the eastern part of Guangdong, including five cities: Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Shanwei and Meizhou.
  • Original Paper
    CHEN Wenhan
    2013, 33(5): 617-620.
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    The Hengshitang geothermal field, located in Yingde, Guangdong Province, is of carbonatite geothermal resources. Based on the regional geological data and the groundwater temperatures collected from the drilling holes, this paper analyses its geotherm characteristics, reservoir conditions, recharge, runoff, and drainage. Devonian-carboniferous carbonatites mainly compose geothermal reservoir of the field, whose geothermal water runoff and geotherm characteristics are controlled by a series of geological structures along Wuchuan-Sihui deep fault zone. Geotemperature curves show that the geothermal field appears an irregular long elliptic shape, with major axis being nearly NW trending, hence inferring that variation of the geotherm is related to fractures and corrosion degree of rocks. There is no additional heat source here, thus the geothermal water is mainly caused by deep cycling process.
  • Original Paper
    CHEN Wenhan
    2013, 33(5): 617-620.
    The Hengshitang geothermal field, located in Yingde, Guangdong Province, is of carbonatite geothermal resources. Based on the regional geological data and the groundwater temperatures collected from the drilling holes, this paper analyses its geotherm characteristics, reservoir conditions, recharge, runoff, and drainage. Devonian-carboniferous carbonatites mainly compose geothermal reservoir of the field, whose geothermal water runoff and geotherm characteristics are controlled by a series of geological structures along Wuchuan-Sihui deep fault zone. Geotemperature curves show that the geothermal field appears an irregular long elliptic shape, with major axis being nearly NW trending, hence inferring that variation of the geotherm is related to fractures and corrosion degree of rocks. There is no additional heat source here, thus the geothermal water is mainly caused by deep cycling process.
  • YAN Lijiao, YANG Weikang, LIN Guojun, DONG Ping
    2013, 33(5): 621-627.
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    In recent years, global warming has been widely accepted as reality. Forest ecosystem, as the most important terrestrial ecosystem for humans, is affected deeply by the global warming. Therefore, it has attracted many attentions of researchers and policy makers to make clear the influence of global warming on the forest ecosystem and to forecast the development of forest ecosystem. In this paper, the influence of global warming on forest ecosystem was reviewed and discussed from five aspects: soil carbon cycle, plant biotemperature, species distribution, biodiversity and forest productivity. At last, prospects were also provided. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive recognition of global warming on forest ecosystem for researchers and policy makers.
  • review
  • review
    YAN Lijiao,YANG Weikang,LIN Guojun,DONG Ping
    2013, 33(5): 621-627.
    In recent years, global warming has been widely accepted as reality. Forest ecosystem, as the most important terrestrial ecosystem for humans, is affected deeply by the global warming. Therefore, it has attracted many attentions of researchers and policy makers to make clear the influence of global warming on the forest ecosystem and to forecast the development of forest ecosystem. In this paper, the influence of global warming on forest ecosystem was reviewed and discussed from five aspects: soil carbon cycle, plant biotemperature, species distribution, biodiversity and forest productivity. At last, prospects were also provided. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive recognition of global warming on forest ecosystem for researchers and policy makers.
  • review
    GAO Qingyan,PAN Yujun,ZHU Haiyan,DU Ying,GUO Yingze,DU Qing,HAN Xingfen,XIAO Xiang
    2013, 33(5): 628-635.
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    The word Paradigm, which was raised by Kuhn in the 1970s based on the philosophy of science,is accepted gradually by academic cicles. According to Kuhn’s ideas and study programs the scholars of different disciplines have developed different paradigms for their own disciplines. Those paradigms were independent but also relative. Geography has it’s own paradigm specially. The modern geography in China is affected by the ideas and methods of that in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to understand systematically the history of the paradigm of Chinese geography in the 20th century. In this article, the history and logic are unified to research the meaning and significance of paradigm of Geography and their cognition in China. The results are as follows: the modern geography of China has experienced the changes from inherited regional paradigm to spatial paradigm. The “sensible paradigm” and “potential paradigm” have always coexisted through the development of modern geography of China since the early 20th century. The paradigm used in modern human geography of China is mostly the sensible paradigm while that in physical geography mostly the potential one. All the geography paradigms in China follow the rule of the geographical space thought. In future the paradigms would develop toward the models of quantification, technicalization of GIS, sociality and culture, and their patterns, procedures, mechanism and simulation toward the fourth scientific paradigm.
  • review
    GAO Qingyan,PAN Yujun,ZHU Haiyan,DU Ying,GUO Yingze,DU Qing,HAN Xingfen,XIAO Xiang
    2013, 33(5): 628-635.
    The word Paradigm, which was raised by Kuhn in the 1970s based on the philosophy of science,is accepted gradually by academic cicles. According to Kuhn’s ideas and study programs the scholars of different disciplines have developed different paradigms for their own disciplines. Those paradigms were independent but also relative. Geography has it’s own paradigm specially. The modern geography in China is affected by the ideas and methods of that in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to understand systematically the history of the paradigm of Chinese geography in the 20th century. In this article, the history and logic are unified to research the meaning and significance of paradigm of Geography and their cognition in China. The results are as follows: the modern geography of China has experienced the changes from inherited regional paradigm to spatial paradigm. The “sensible paradigm” and “potential paradigm” have always coexisted through the development of modern geography of China since the early 20th century. The paradigm used in modern human geography of China is mostly the sensible paradigm while that in physical geography mostly the potential one. All the geography paradigms in China follow the rule of the geographical space thought. In future the paradigms would develop toward the models of quantification, technicalization of GIS, sociality and culture, and their patterns, procedures, mechanism and simulation toward the fourth scientific paradigm.
  • Hot Discussion
  • Hot Discussion
    LI Chunchu
    2013, 33(5): 636-639.
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    In this paper, a hypothesis about the origination and formation of the Zhanjiang bay is proposed on the basis of following arguments: 1) an event of meteorite impact might occurr on Zhanjiang area during the late Pleistocene epoch, and today’s Maxie Sea would be the impact crater ; 2) a large number of dust raised by the impact event flowed northward and deposited around the northern Zhanjiang, which formed a large area of eolian loess with about 50cm in thickness; 3) as a consequence of the impact effect, the Nansan. Island was separated into three islands, causing a number of volcanic activity in the area around the impact crater; 4) in the northern area of the Maxie impact crater, there was ‘X’ crack, which was eroded deeper and wider during the lower sea level period after the impact event and then became a drowned valley during the post glacial period of Holocene. This hypothesis is derived from observation on the following three aspects: First, what did the materials of the large area of eolian loess come from? Second, the Maxie Sea likes an impact crater with some unusual signs both in the impact crater and its surroundings. And third, the drowned valley of the Zhanjiang Bay looks like a rift valley.
  • Hot Discussion
    LI Chunchu
    2013, 33(5): 636-639.
    In this paper, a hypothesis about the origination and formation of the Zhanjiang bay is proposed on the basis of following arguments: 1) an event of meteorite impact might occurr on Zhanjiang area during the late Pleistocene epoch, and today’s Maxie Sea would be the impact crater ; 2) a large number of dust raised by the impact event flowed northward and deposited around the northern Zhanjiang, which formed a large area of eolian loess with about 50cm in thickness; 3) as a consequence of the impact effect, the Nansan. Island was separated into three islands, causing a number of volcanic activity in the area around the impact crater; 4) in the northern area of the Maxie impact crater, there was ‘X’ crack, which was eroded deeper and wider during the lower sea level period after the impact event and then became a drowned valley during the post glacial period of Holocene. This hypothesis is derived from observation on the following three aspects: First, what did the materials of the large area of eolian loess come from? Second, the Maxie Sea likes an impact crater with some unusual signs both in the impact crater and its surroundings. And third, the drowned valley of the Zhanjiang Bay looks like a rift valley.
  • Hot Discussion
    FENG Weizhong, ZHANG Juan, YOU Dawei, XU Weiming
    2013, 33(5): 640-645.
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    This paper collected the historical tidal data and the actual loss data of storm surge disasters of the Pearl River Estuary, and made an analysis on the sea level rise values from IPCC-AR4 and some evaluation reports according to marine and hydrology standards. The analysis identifies that some papers have overestimated the effect of sea level rise on storm surge disaster forcasting of the Pearl River Estuary. The reasons are as follows: 1)There’re some errors in report [10]: a. AAL/GDP was defined as a linear relationship, GDP and AAL/GDP were used to compute AAL. That is logically wrong, because storm surge disaster loss does not increase year by year, and it is not directly related to GDP growth. b. The 2005 values of per capita annual income in Guangzhou and Shenzhen were both estimated to be $ 6193, which is a serious high valuation, about 50% higher than the actual value. c. The evaluated values of storm surge water level are obviously too high. 2) The following are the errors in [19] and [20]. a. the evaluation method to directly overlay the sea level rise value and return period tidal level is not scientific. b. The estimations of global sea level rise in 2100 have no basis. 3) The historical highest value of the recorded tidal level in [21] may be too high.
  • Hot Discussion
    FENG Weizhong,ZHANG Juan,YOU Dawei,XU Weiming
    2013, 33(5): 640-645.
    This paper collected the historical tidal data and the actual loss data of storm surge disasters of the Pearl River Estuary, and made an analysis on the sea level rise values from IPCC-AR4 and some evaluation reports according to marine and hydrology standards. The analysis identifies that some papers have overestimated the effect of sea level rise on storm surge disaster forcasting of the Pearl River Estuary. The reasons are as follows: 1)There’re some errors in report [10]: a. AAL/GDP was defined as a linear relationship, GDP and AAL/GDP were used to compute AAL. That is logically wrong, because storm surge disaster loss does not increase year by year, and it is not directly related to GDP growth. b. The 2005 values of per capita annual income in Guangzhou and Shenzhen were both estimated to be $ 6193, which is a serious high valuation, about 50% higher than the actual value. c. The evaluated values of storm surge water level are obviously too high. 2) The following are the errors in [19] and [20]. a. the evaluation method to directly overlay the sea level rise value and return period tidal level is not scientific. b. The estimations of global sea level rise in 2100 have no basis. 3) The historical highest value of the recorded tidal level in [21] may be too high.