安徽省跨国拐卖妇女犯罪的时空分异与形成机制
洪丹丹(1998—),女,安徽芜湖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为犯罪地理与公共安全,(E-mail)1838700518@qq.com; |
收稿日期: 2022-06-09
修回日期: 2022-07-29
网络出版日期: 2022-10-07
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42271239)
西北大学“人地关系与空间安全”特色优势团队建设项目(2019)
Spatiotemporal Differentiation and the Formation Mechanism of Transnational Women Trafficking in Anhui Province
Received date: 2022-06-09
Revised date: 2022-07-29
Online published: 2022-10-07
基于“中国裁判文书网”获取的2008―2022年跨国拐入安徽省的拐卖妇女犯罪案例数据,综合运用空间分析等方法,分析安徽省跨国拐卖妇女犯罪的群体特征、时空分异和形成机制。结果表明:1)群体特征差异显著,其中作案人以31~50岁的青壮年男性为主,文化水平较低,且以汉族、苗族居多;被害人主要来自越南,且以介绍工作赚钱为由被拐骗为主,案发后多被遣返原籍或自愿留下;收买人主要为适婚年龄的单身男性及其父母,文化水平多为初中及以下。2)时间演变上,安徽省跨国拐卖妇女犯罪整体呈“峰”型变化趋势,经历波动低发—起伏增长—急速回落3个阶段,发生态势主要受人口政策、打拐力度、网站平台发展等因素的影响。3)空间分布上,拐出地主要为越、缅、柬、老4国和云南、广东、安徽等省份;中转省呈弧状分布,中转市“邻界”特征显著;拐入地集中在皖北和皖中,其中拐入市呈“南北平行双弧”向东辐射扩散,拐入县则呈皖北散状点型与皖南“抱团式”的差异空间格局,地理邻近选择倾向明显,且拐入县呈“单片―扩散―汇聚”的热点变化趋势;拐卖路径上,形成“越南―云南省文山州―马鞍山市含山县”和“柬埔寨―江西省景德镇市―合肥市庐江县”等主要路径,呈现“邻国拐出―边境/内陆中转―多地拐入”的“源―流―汇”路径通道。4)拐出地和拐入地之间的推拉效应为该类型犯罪的发生提供动力,促进作案人、被害人、收买人三方与拐出地、中转地、拐入地三地之间产生交互和耦合作用,促使犯罪路径的形成。
洪丹丹 , 李钢 , 徐嘉辉 , 徐锋 , 周俊俊 , 黄雨珊 , 杜梦佳 . 安徽省跨国拐卖妇女犯罪的时空分异与形成机制[J]. 热带地理, 2022 , 42(9) : 1500 -1512 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003541
The crime of transnational human trafficking significantly impacts social stability and state relations, and thus, deserves in-depth research from a geographical perspective. Based on 2008-2022 case data on the transnational trafficking of women in Anhui Province, obtained from "China Judgments Online," this study uses statistical and spatial analysis methods to comprehensively explore group characteristics, spatial-temporal differentiation, and the formation mechanism of transnational women trafficking in Anhui. The results show that: (1) Tripartite-group characteristics are significantly different. The perpetrators are mainly young and middle-aged men, with a general education level of junior high school or below, mostly from the Han and Miao ethnic groups. Most victims are primarily from four countries-Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos-with Vietnamese women making up the largest group. Victims are generally abducted into China voluntarily, on the pretext of finding a job to earn money. After the crime, most are repatriated to their home countries or stay voluntarily in the place of abduction. Most buyers are male farmers of marriageable age and their parents. (2) Transnational women trafficking in Anhui has followed a "peak" trend overall; It has evolved through three stages: low volatility in 2003-2009, volatile growth in 2010-2017, and rapid decline in 2018-2020. This pattern has evidently been affected by China's population policy, anti-trafficking efforts, and website-platform development. (3) Transit provinces are distributed in an arc, with the highest incidence in Yunnan, Jiangxi, and Anhui, in that order. Transit cities have a significant adjacent-boundary feature, with Wenshan, Jingdezhen, Honghe, and Lincang as the main points of contact. The destination cities show north-south parallel double arcs distribution pattern, radiating eastward, which radiate eastwards. The northern arc is dominated by Fuyang, Bozhou, and Suizhou, while the southern arc is dominated by Anqing, Hefei, and Maanshan. The destination counties are evidently characterized by geographic proximity. Northern Anhui exhibits the characteristics of scattered-point distribution, while central Anhui is generally patchy around the high-incidence areas. The main crime paths, including Vietnam to Wenshan Prefecture; Yunnan Province to Hanshan County and Maanshan City; Cambodia to Jingdezhen City; and Jiangxi Province to Lujiang County and Hefei City, constitute a channel from countries neighboring China into Anhui through the border or inland provinces. (4) Push-pull theory is combined with telecoupling theory to explore the formation mechanism of transnational women trafficking in many parts of Anhui. Finally, based on the research results, prevention and control countermeasures are proposed, and future research avenues are explored.
表1 安徽省跨国拐卖妇女犯罪“三方”的基本特征Table 1 "Three-party" basic characteristics statistics of transnational women trafficking in Anhui Province |
作案人 | 被害人 | 收买人 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄段/岁 | 人数/人 | 国籍 | 人数/人 | 占比/% | 年龄段/岁 | 人数/人 | |||
男 | 女 | 男 | 女 | ||||||
≤20 | 0 | 1 | 越南 缅甸 柬埔寨 老挝 未知 | 192 70 41 1 8 | 61.54 22.44 13.14 0.32 2.56 | ≤20 | 1 | 0 | |
21~30 | 15 | 6 | 21~30 | 52 | 1 | ||||
31~40 | 50 | 21 | 31~40 | 12 | 1 | ||||
41~50 | 64 | 27 | 41~50 | 20 | 7 | ||||
51~60 | 21 | 14 | 51~60 | 40 | 31 | ||||
61~70 | 8 | 1 | 61~70 | 8 | 2 | ||||
≥71 | 2 | 1 | ≥71 | 5 | 1 | ||||
未知 | 3 | 3 | 未知 | 2 | 2 | ||||
文化水平 | 人数/人 | 占比/% | 被拐骗方式 | 人数/人 | 占比/% | 文化水平 | 人数/人 | 占比/% | |
文盲或半文盲 | 59 | 24.89 | 自愿型 | 介绍工作赚钱 | 76 | 24.36 | 文盲或半文盲 | 39 | 21.08 |
外出游玩 | 15 | 4.81 | |||||||
小学 | 85 | 35.87 | 介绍婚姻 | 32 | 10.26 | 小学 | 63 | 34.05 | |
其他 | 21 | 6.73 | |||||||
初中 | 47 | 19.83 | 非自 愿型 | 下药迷晕 | 7 | 2.24 | 初中 | 66 | 35.68 |
暴力挟持 | 8 | 2.56 | |||||||
高中及以上 | 8 | 3.38 | 被迫还钱 | 1 | 0.32 | 高中及以上 | 4 | 2.16 | |
未知 | 38 | 16.03 | 未知 | 152 | 48.72 | 未知 | 13 | 7.03 | |
民族 | 人数/人 | 占比/% | 最终去向 | 人数/人 | 占比/% | 职业 | 人数/人 | 占比/% | |
汉族 | 110 | 46.41 | 自愿留在本地生活 | 58 | 18.59 | 务农 | 120 | 64.86 | |
苗族 | 73 | 30.80 | 已被遣返原籍 | 68 | 21.79 | 务工 | 28 | 15.14 | |
拉祜族 | 10 | 4.22 | 逃跑,下落不明 | 10 | 3.21 | 个体工商户 | 11 | 5.95 | |
傣族 | 8 | 3.38 | 转变为作案人 | 3 | 0.96 | 无业 | 14 | 7.57 | |
其他 | 21 | 8.86 | 被解救(去向未知) | 173 | 55.45 | 其他 | 2 | 1.08 | |
未知 | 15 | 6.33 | 未知 | 10 | 5.40 |
1 https://wenshu.court.gov.cn/
2 https://www.12371.cn/2020/06/29/ARTI1593360770408357.shtml
3 其中妇女,是指已满14周岁的女性,既包括具有中国国籍的妇女,也包括具有外国国籍和无国籍的妇女。
作者贡献声明:
洪丹丹:负责数据处理与分析、论文撰写与修改;
李 钢:提供写作方向的指导并全程参与修改;
徐嘉辉、徐锋:参与数据采集与预处理、审阅论文并提出修改意见;
周俊俊、黄雨珊、杜梦佳:参与数据采集。
Adepoju A. 2010. Review of Research and Data on Human Trafficking in Sub‐Saharan Africa. International Migration, 43(1/2): 75-98.
|
安徽省统计局. 2021. 安徽省统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社.
Statistics Bureau of Anhui province. 2021. Anhui Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
|
白志红,李喜景. 2011. 中缅边境非法跨国婚姻对云南边境少数民族地区和谐稳定的影响分析——以云南省龙陵县徐家寨为例. 昆明理工大学学报(社会科学版),11(4):12-15.
Bai Zhihong and Li Xijing. 2011. The Impact Analysis of Sino-Burma Border Illegal Transnational Marriage on Harmony and Stability of Yunnan Border Minority Areas: A Case in Xu Jia Village of Long Ling of Yunnan. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), 11(4): 12-15.
|
贝丽芬. 2015. 跨国拐卖人口犯罪控制研究. 桂林:广西师范大学.
Bei Lifen. 2015. A Study on the Control of Transnational Human Trafficking Crime in the Perspective of Southwest China. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University.
|
Butegwa F. 1997. Trafficking in Women in Africa: A Regional Report. Victoria: GAATW Canada, Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women.
|
曹勋. 2013. 打击跨国拐卖越南妇女儿童犯罪动态机制的构建. 广西警官高等专科学校学报,26(1):37-41.
Cao Xun. 2013. On Construction of Dynamic Mechanism for Cracking down Transnational Trafficking of Vietnamese Women and Childern. Journal of Guangxi Police Academy, 26(1): 37-41.
|
陈赤妹. 2021. Y省跨境拐卖儿童问题研究. 昆明:昆明理工大学.
Chen Chimei. 2021. Research on Transnational Child Trafficking in Y Province. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology.
|
陈旭周. 2020. 论反跨国拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的法律冲突及其完善. 法制与社会,(5):46-47.
Chen Xuzhou. 2020. On the Legal Conflict and Perfection of the Crime of Anti-Transnational Abduction and Trafficking of Women and Children. Legal System and Society, (5): 46-47.
|
陈瑶. 2021. 云南边境拐卖人口犯罪的防控研究. 犯罪与改造研究,(7):31-36.
Chen Yao. 2021. Research on the Prevention and Control of Human Trafficking Crime at Yunnan Border. Crime and Correction, (7): 31-36.
|
陈雨青. 2017. 跨国拐卖妇女儿童犯罪的成因及对策研究. 法制博览,(4):216.
Chen Yuqing. 2017. Research on the Causes and Countermeasures of Transnational Trafficking of Women and Childern. Legality Vision, (4): 216.
|
戴波,赵德光. 2016. 中缅、中老、中越少数民族跨境婚姻行为的经济学思考. 世界民族,(2):54-65.
Dai Bo and Zhao Deguang. 2016. On the Cross-Border Marriage Behaviors of Sino-Myanmar, Sino-Laos, Sino-Vietnam Ethnic Minorities from the Perspective of Economics. Journal of World Peoples Studies, (2): 54-65.
|
党晶. 2010. 中越边境跨国非法婚姻移民问题研究. 广州:暨南大学.
Dang Jing. 2010. Illegal Marriage Immigration in the Border Regions between China and Vietnam. Guangzhou: Jinan University.
|
Dottridge M. 2002. Trafficking in Children in West and Central Africa. Gender & Development, 10(1): 38-42.
|
Gozdziak E M and Collett E A. 2005. Research on Human Trafficking in North America: A Review of Literature. International Migration, 43(1/2): 99-128.
|
黄忠良,翁文国,翟彬旭. 2019. 我国拐卖妇女犯罪特点及治理策略——基于1038份裁判文书的分析. 中国人民公安大学学报(社会科学版),33(5):19-27.
Huang Zhongliang, Weng Wenguo and Zhai Binxu. 2019. Characteristics and Strategies of Trafficking Women in China: Based on the Analysis of 1038 Judgment Documents. Journal of People's Public Security University of China (Social Sciences Edition), 33(5): 19-27.
|
黄忠良,翁文国. 2020. 典型拐卖妇女犯罪团伙网络特征分析. 清华大学学报(自然科学版),60(4):328-333.
Huang Zhongliang and Weng Wenguo. 2020. Social Network Analysis of Typical Women Trafficking Networks. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 60(4): 328-333.
|
Huang Zhongliang and Weng Wenguo. 2020. Analysis of Geographical Migration Networks of Bride Trafficking Crime from 2000 to 2018 in China. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 550: 124196.
|
姜全保,李波. 2011. 性别失衡对犯罪率的影响研究. 公共管理学报,8(1):71-80,126. [Jiang Quanbao and Li Bo. 2011. The Effect of Gender Imbalance on Crime Rates. Journal of Public Management, 8(1): 71-80, 126.]
|
蒋巍,蓝彩箫. 2019. 中国—东盟跨国贩卖人口犯罪问题研究. 广西警察学院学报,32(5):43-47.
Jiang Wei and Lan Caixiao. 2019. Research on China-ASEAN Cross-Border Human Trafficking Crimes. Journal of Guangxi Police College, 32(5): 43-47.
|
孔丹丹. 2017. 农村婚姻消费增长及优化对策探析——以皖北区域农村为例. 山东农业工程学院学报,34(2);128-129,153.
Kong Dandan. 2017. Analysis on the Growth of Rural Marriage Consumption and Its Optimization Countermeasures of Rural Areas in Northern Anhui Province. The Journal of Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, 34(2): 128-129, 153.
|
蓝彩箫. 2020. 广西边境涉外拐卖妇女犯罪探究. 贵州警察学院学报,32(2):72-79.
Lan Caixiao. 2020. Research on Crimes of Women Abduction and Trafficking along Guangxi Border. Journal of Guizhou Police College, 32(2): 72-79.
|
Laczko F and Gramegna M A. 2003. Developing Better Indicators of Human Trafficking. Brown Journal of World Affairs, 10(1): 179-194.
|
Lee E S. 1966. A Theory of Migration. Demography, 3(1): 47-57.
|
Lee J J. 2010. Human Trafficking in East Asia: Current Trends, Data Collection, and Knowledge Gaps. International Migration, 43(1/2): 165-201.
|
李钢,王会娟,谭然,付莹. 2017a. 中国拐卖儿童犯罪的时空特征与形成机制——基于“成功案例”的管窥. 地理研究,36(12):2505-2520.
Li Gang, Wang Huijuan, Tan Ran and Fu Ying. 2017a. Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Child Trafficking in China Based on "Successful Cases". Geographical Research, 36(12): 2505-2520.
|
李钢,谭然,王会娟,颜祥,邵琰. 2017b. 中国拐卖儿童犯罪的地理特征研究. 地理科学,37(7):1049-1058.
Li Gang, Tan Ran, Wang Huijuan, Yan Xiang and Shao Yan. 2017b. Geographic Characteristics of Child Trafficking Crime in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 37(7): 1049-1058.
|
李钢,薛淑艳,马雪瑶,周俊俊,王皎贝,徐婷婷. 2020. 中国儿童非正常迁移的时空分异及综合机制——拐卖与抱养对比视角. 人口研究,44(3):102-117.
Li Gang, Xue Shuyan, Ma Xueyao, Zhou Junjun, Wang Jiaobei and Xu Tingting. 2020. Spatio-Temporal Differentiation and Comprehensive Mechanism of Irregular Migration of Children in China: Comparison between Child Trafficking and Informal Adoption. Population Research, 44(3): 102-117.
|
林卉. 2018. 大湄公河次区域跨国拐卖妇女犯罪及控制研究. 重庆:西南政法大学.
Lin Hui. 2018. Research on Transnational Trafficking of Women Crime and Control in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Chongqing: Southwest University of Political Science & Law.
|
刘建国,Vanessa Hull,Mateus Batistella,Ruth DeFries,Thomas Dietz,付峰,Thomas W Hertel,R Cesar Izaurralde,Eric F Lambin,李舒心,Luiz A Martinelli,William J McConnell,Emilio F Moran,Rosamond Naylor,欧阳志云,Karen R Polenske,Anette Reenberg,Gilberto de Miranda Rocha,Cynthia S Simmons,Peter H Verburg,Peter M Vitousek,张福锁,朱春全. 2016. 远程耦合世界的可持续性框架. 生态学报,36(23):7870-7885.
Liu Jianguo, Vanessa Hull, Mateus Batistella, Ruth DeFries, Thomas Dietz, Fu Feng, Thomas W Hertel, R Cesar Izaurralde, Eric F Lambin, Li Shuxin, Luiz A Martinelli, William J McConnell, Emilio F Moran, Rosamond Naylor, Ouyang Zhiyun, Karen R Polenske, Anette Reenberg, Gilberto de Miranda Rocha, Cynthia S Simmons, Peter H Verburg, Peter M Vitousek, Zhang Fusuo and Zhu Chunquan. 2016. Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36(23): 7870-7885.
|
刘玲,李钢,薛淑艳,马雪瑶,周俊俊,徐婷婷,王皎贝. 2020. 四川省拐卖儿童犯罪的时空演变过程及影响因素分析. 地理科学进展,39(5):853-865.
Liu Ling, Li Gang, Xue Shuyan, Ma Xueyao, Zhou Junjun, Xu Tingting and Wang Jiaobei. 2020. Spatio-Temporal Change and Influencing Factors of Child Trafficking Crime in Sichuan Province. Progress in Geography, 39(5): 853-865.
|
邱格屏. 2020. 被拐来的“越南新娘”——犯罪学的分析. 警学研究,(3):7-19.
Qiu Geping. 2020. The Abducted "Vietnamese Brides": Criminological Analysis. Journal of Jilin Public Security Academy, (3): 7-19.
|
沙少波,谭笑. 2012. 浅析大湄公河次区域边境涉外管理中的协调机制. 法制与社会,(20):209-210.
Tan Shaobo and Tan Xiao. 2012. An Analysis of the Coordination Mechanism in the Foreign-Related Management of the Greater Mekong Subregion Border. Legal System and Society, (20): 209-210.
|
尚子娟,刘泽. 2019. 中国性别失衡背景下婚姻挤压问题的治理研究——基于“越南新娘”现象的思考. 武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版),21(6):633-637.
Shang Zijuan and Liu Ze. 2019. Governance of Marriage Squeeze against the Background of Gender Imbalance in China: Reflections on the Phenomenon of "Vietnamese Bride". Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), 21(6): 633-637.
|
孙晶,刘建国,杨新军,赵福强,覃驭楚,姚莹莹,王放,伦飞,王洁晶,秦波,刘涛,张丛林,黄宝荣,程叶青,石金莲,张劲松,唐华俊,杨鹏,吴文斌. 2020. 人类世可持续发展背景下的远程耦合框架及其应用. 地理学报,75(11):2408-2416.
Sun Jing, Liu Jianguo, Yang Xinjun, Zhao Fuqiang, Qin Yuchu, Yao Yingying, Wang Fang, Lun Fei, Wang Jiejing, Qin Bo, Liu Tao, Zhang Conglin, Huang Baorong, Cheng Yeqing, Shi Jinlian, Zhang Jinsong, Tang Huajun, Yang Peng and Wu Wenbin. 2020. Sustainability in the Anthropocene: Telecoupling Framework and Its Applications. Acta Geographica Sinica, 75(11): 2408-2416.
|
谭然. 2018. 地理学视角下的中国拐卖儿童犯罪研究. 西安:西北大学.
Tan Ran. 2018. Research on Child Trafficking Crime in China from the Perspective of Geography. Xi'an: Northwest University.
|
王付春. 2014. 安徽省出生人口性别比失衡的现状及对策——基于第六次全国人口普查数据. 新余学院学报,19(4):76-78.
Wang Fuchun. 2014. The Present Situation of the Birth Population Sex Ratio Imbalance in Anhui Province and Its Countermeasures. Journal of XinYu College, 19(4): 76-78.
|
王会娟. 2017. 我国拐卖儿童犯罪的时空特征与影响因素研究. 西安:西北大学.
Wang Huijuan. 2017. Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Child Trafficking Crime in China. Xi'an: Northwest University.
|
王皎贝,李钢,周俊俊,马雪瑶,徐婷婷,薛淑艳. 2021. 湖北省拐卖儿童犯罪的时空特征及其影响因素. 人文地理,36(1):73-83.
Wang Jiaobei, Li Gang, Zhou Junjun, Ma Xueyao, Xu Tingting and Xue Shuyan. 2021. Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Child Trafficking in Hubei Province. Human Geography, 36(1): 73-83.
|
新华社. 2015. 中华人民共和国刑法修正案(九)(主席令 第三十号). (2015-08-30) [2021-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2015-08/30/content_2922323.htm.
Xin Huashe. 2015. Amendment of Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China Nine) (Order of the President of the People's Republic of China (No.30). (2015-08-30) [2021-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2015-08/30/content_2922323.htm.
|
薛淑艳,李钢,马雪瑶,刘玲,杨兰. 2020. 贵州省拐卖儿童犯罪的多维时空格局及影响因素研究. 地理研究,39(7):1691-1706.
Xue Shuyan, Li Gang, Ma Xueyao, Liu Ling and Yang Lan. 2020. The Multidimensional Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Child Trafficking in Guizhou Province, China. Geographical Research, 39(7): 1691-1706.
|
杨兰. 2020. 云南省拐卖儿童犯罪的时空特征及形成机制. 西安:西北大学.
Yang Lan. 2020. Spatio-Temporal Patterns and Formation Mechanism of Child Trafficking in Yunnan Province. Xi'an: Northwest University.
|
张居正,高月英. 2009. 跨国婚姻HIV传播成为“艾”防新重点. 云南政协报,2009-07-28(005).
Zhang Juzheng and Gao Yueying. 2009. HIV Transmission in Transnational Marriage Becomes New Focus of "Anti-AIDS". Yunnan Cppcc News, 2009-07-28(005).
|
赵爽. 2019. 婚姻型人口拐卖犯罪研究. 上海:华东政法大学.
Zhao Shuang. 2019. Marriage-Type Human Trafficking Crime Research. Shanghai: East China University of Political Science and Law.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |