城乡之间:当代农村家庭的空间生产何以可能?
陈景亮(1980—),女,福建漳州人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为农村社会学与社会空间,(E-mail)55930572@qq.com; |
收稿日期: 2022-09-05
修回日期: 2022-10-20
网络出版日期: 2022-11-30
基金资助
福建省社会科学规划项目(FJ2020B071)
福建省高校以马克思主义为指导的哲学社会科学学科基础理论研究项目(JSZM2020036)
Between Urban and Rural: Spatial Production in Modern Rural Families
Received date: 2022-09-05
Revised date: 2022-10-20
Online published: 2022-11-30
从空间生产理论出发,以W村为研究个案,采用参与式观察和深度访谈方法,基于“空间变换”与“农村家庭”的交叠过程,探讨农村家庭的发展。研究发现:当代农村家庭生计的空间穿梭、家庭居住的空间镶嵌,以及家庭生活方式的空间效仿等实践是农村家庭“离乡不离农”的“城乡之间”发展新方式。在空间表象为农村家庭与城市互融互嵌、不分物质、不分精神的共同富裕需求。但城乡现实情境的差异,农村家庭仍表现出对农业生产以及农村生活的不自信,呈现出农村社会人伦与位育日渐式微的表征性空间。在全面推进乡村振兴以及共同富裕的进程中,应建设“零价差”的社会政策空间,再塑村落自信的农村家庭发展外部空间,重构个体自主的农村家庭发展内部空间,据此建构回应家庭发展内生需求的城乡二元物理空间及其一元社会服务空间。
陈景亮 , 潘小焮 , 张冬 . 城乡之间:当代农村家庭的空间生产何以可能?[J]. 热带地理, 2022 , 42(11) : 1878 -1889 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003585
Based on the theory of spatial production, the current study adopts a qualitative approach to examine the case of W Village on the southeast coast of China to explore the development of families presently living in rural areas, through the overlapping processes of "spatial transformation" and "rural families". The present study found that to make a living, families in rural areas use agricultural products as the main resources to travel between the city and rural regions. This way of living forms a rural-urban dual physical space mosaic of "living in the countryside-working in the city." These families imitate the lifestyle of urban families (e.g., education and health). This presents a spatial practice picture of rural families commuting between urban and rural regions. Different from the rural family modes of "no farming but still living in the village" and "leaving the village and no farming", the current spatial practice of rural families is a new development mode of "between urban and rural" that resembles "leaving the village but depending on farming", and considers the countryside as the settlement place and the home village as the resource. Urban and rural families share the goal of common prosperity, regardless of the material and spirit in the representation of space. However, with a gap between urban and rural families, rural families are found to lack confidence in agricultural production and rural society. It is the representational space about the decline of agricultural production and social relations in ethics and "adaption". Therefore, for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and common prosperity, the synergy of social policies, narrowing the gap between the urban and rural systems of welfare and security, rebuilding community space for the self-confident family development of the village, reconstructing the internal development space of the individual autonomous family, and responding to the internal needs of family development should be emphasized. Thus, rural-urban dual physical space and the unitary social service space should be constructed. The current study expands the depth and scope of the analysis of rural family research and advances research in family development-related fields. Its contributions are as follows: First, through an in-depth observation, a relatively detailed and comprehensive picture of urban-rural shuttle, urban-rural mosaic, and urban imitation, the perspective of spatial production is presented for the spatial development of families living in rural areas and the associated generative mechanism. Second, based on the Chinese social context, this study analyzes the development of families rooted in rural China from the perspective of spatial production. It expands the research limits of spatial production from the perspectives of social change, social governance, community research, social action, etc. In the age of mobility, space is a perspective that cannot be ignored while examining family. The new spatial relationship between urban and rural in the process of Chinese modernization is an interesting research perspective, which can promote the localization of spatial production theory in China.
表1 个案访谈对象的基本信息Table 1 Basic information of individual interviewees |
编号 | 性别 | 年龄/岁 | 生计方式 | 生计范围 | 生计搭档 | 家庭情况 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CYY | 男 | 57 | 种地、打零工 | W村-乡镇 | 夫妻 | 育有2女,女儿在农村各已成家并各育有子女 |
CHZ | 男 | 36 | 进城卖菜 | W村-Q市 | 母子 | 与父母共居,育有1女,妻子全职在家 |
CWM | 男 | 45 | 教师 | W村 | — | W村中学老师,育有1儿,在Z市读高中 |
CXM | 女 | 34 | 进厂务工 | W村-Z市 | — | 育有1儿1女,丈夫在W村及Z市周边做水电零工 |
CH | 女 | 57 | 种菜 | W村 | 夫妻 | 育有2女各已成家,女儿女婿2家分别在Z市、X市卖菜 |
CJL | 男 | 30 | 进城卖菜 | W村-X市 | 自己 | 与父母共居(母亲残疾),未婚 |
CJ | 女 | 82 | 种菜 | W村 | 夫妻 | 育有3儿2女,一辈子以种菜为生 |
CYH | 男 | 56 | 进城卖菜 | W村-X市 | 夫妻+儿子 | 育有1儿,与儿子儿媳共居 |
CMH | 男 | 55 | 进城卖笋 | W村-Z市 | 夫妻 | 育有1儿,儿子已婚居住在Z市并育有2儿 |
1 段成荣、杨传开、朱建江等学者分析第七次全国人口普查流动人口数据后,提出了迁徙中国、流动中国、迁徙时代等相关表述。
2 2020年第七次全国人口普查公报(第七号)显示,全国流动人口37 582万人,其中跨省流动人口为12 484万人,省内流动人口为25 098万人。
3 数据来源:2021-04-12在W村实地调研时,由W村村支书提供。
4 《2021年农民工调查监测报告》(国家统计局,2022)显示,2021年末在城镇居住的进城农民工13 309万人,
5 项飙(2020)指出,所谓的“悬浮”是人人都在为自己奋斗,拼命干活,挣钱,都想着比别人快一步半步,害怕被甩在后面,自己当下的行为本身不能产生意义。本研究引用此概念在于描述本研究观察到的当前农村家庭,尤其是农村子辈想方设法赚钱,以期离开农村,或者生活得像城里人的状态。
6 《2021年农民工调查监测报告》(国家统计局,2022)显示,2021年东部地区省内流动农民工占84.9%,中部地区跨省流动农民工占外出农民工的56.6%,西部地区占47.8%。
陈景亮:提出研究思路,实地调研,分析访谈资料,撰写全文初稿以及修改;
潘小焮:参与实地调研,协助收集和整理访谈资料,提出修改意见;
张 冬:整理部分访谈资料,提出修改意见,校订与完善修改稿。
Andrew Abbott. 1997. Of Time and Space: The Contemporary Relevance of the Chicago School. Social Forces, 75(4): 1149-1182.
|
白美妃. 2021. 撑开在城乡之间的家——基础设施、时空经验与县域城乡关系再认识. 社会学研究,36(6):45-67.
Bai Meifei. 2021. Family Stretching between Town and Country: Infrastructure, Spatio-Temporal Experience and Urban-Rural Relations at the County Level Revisited. Sociological Studies, 36(6): 45-67.
|
蔡昉. 2001. 双城记——户口“含金量”和户籍制度改革. 小城镇建设,(11):15.
Cai Fang. 2001. A Tale of Two Cities: Hukou “Gold Content” and the Reformation about Household Registration System. Development of Small Cities&Towns, (11): 15.
|
操小晋,朱喜钢,余思奇,邓元媛. 2022. 基于场域理论的后单位社区空间生产研究——以徐矿社区为例. 热带地理,42(4):567-578.
Cao Xiaojin, Zhu Xigang, Yu Siqi and Deng Yuanyuan. 2022. Spatial Production of Post-Unit Community Based on Field Theory: A Case Study of the Xukuang Community. Tropical Geography, 42(4): 567-578.
|
崔宝琛,彭华民. 2020. 空间重构视角下“村改居”社区治理. 甘肃社会科学,(3):76-83.
Cui Baochen and Peng Huamin. 2020. Community Governance of "Village Resettlement" from the Perspective of Spatial Reconstruction. Gansu Social Sciences, (3): 76-83.
|
戴维·哈维. 2003. 后现代的状况:对文化变迁之缘起的探究. 阎嘉,译. 北京:商务印书馆.
David Harvey. 2003. The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change. Yan Jia, Trans. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
|
邓海峰,王希扬. 2010. 户籍制度对土地承包经营权流转的制约与完善. 中国人口·资源与环境,20(7):97-101.
Deng Haifeng and Wang Xiyang. 2010. Restrictions to the Trade Market of the Right to Land Contractual Management from Household Registration System and the Improvement. China Population, Resources and Environment, 20(7): 97-101.
|
Doreen Massey. 1984. Spatial Divisions of Labor. London: Macmillan.
|
费孝通. 1983. 家庭结构变动中的老年赡养问题——再论中国家庭结构的变动. 北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),(3):6-15.
Fei Xiaotong. 1983. The Problem of Elderly Support in the Change of Family Structure: A Review of the Change of Family Structure in China. Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), (3): 6-15.
|
格奥尔格·西美尔. 2002. 社会学:关于社会化形式的研究. 林荣远,译. 北京:华夏出版社. [Georg Simmel. 2022. Soziologie: The Study about the Form of Socialization. Lin Rongyuan, Trans. Beijing: Huaxia Press. ]
|
辜胜阻,李睿,曹誉波. 2014. 中国农民工市民化的二维路径选择——以户籍改革为视角. 中国人口科学,(5):2-10.
Gu Shengzu, Li Rui and Cao Yubo. 2014. The Dual-Path Selection for Chinese Rural Migrants Becoming Citizens in the Perspective of Hukou Reform. Chinese Journal of Population Science, (5): 2-10.
|
国家统计局. 2022. 2021年农民工调查监测报告. (2022-04-29)[2022-10-11].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb./202204/t20220429_1830126.html.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2022. The Survey and Monitoring Report on Migrant Workers in 2021. (2022-04-29)[2022-10-11]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb./202204/t20220429_1830126.html.
|
贺雪峰. 2013. 建设用地里有资产?决策,(5):18.
He Xuefeng. 2013. Assets in the Construction Land?. Decision Making, (5): 18.
|
贺雪峰. 2017. 南北中国:中国农村区域差异研究. 北京:社会科学文献出版社.
He Xuefeng. 2017. Northern and Southern China: Regional Differences in Ruanl Areas. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press(China).
|
亨利·列斐伏尔. 2008. 空间与政治. 李春,译. 上海:上海人民出版社. [Henry Lefebvre, 2008. Espace et Politique. Li Chun, Trans. Shanghai: Shanghai People Press. ]
|
亨利·列斐伏尔. 2021. 空间的生产. 刘怀玉 等,译. 北京:商务印书馆.
Henri Lefebvre. 2021. The Production of Space. Liu Huaiyu et al., Trans. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
|
Henri Lefebvre. 2009. Space: Social Product and Use Value. In: Brenner N and Elden S. State, Space, World: Selected Essays. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 285-295.
|
黄宗智. 2006. 制度化了的“半工半耕”过密型农业(上). 读书,(2):30-37.
Huang Zongzhi. 2006. Be Institutionalized on "Semi-Working and Semi-Farming" Intensive Agriculture (Part I). Readings, (2): 30-37.
|
黄宗智. 2011. 中国的现代家庭:来自经济史和法律史的视角. 开放时代,(5):82-105.
Huang Zongzhi. 2011. The Modern Family in China: Perspectives from Economic and Legal History. Open Times, (5): 82-105.
|
江立华,寓凡. 2016. 空间变动与“老漂族”的社会适应. 中国特色社会主义研究,(5):68-72.
Jiang Lihua and Wang Yufan. 2016. Spatial Change and the Social Adaptation of "Old Drifters". Research on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, (5): 68-72.
|
李红波,张小林. 2012. 城乡统筹背景的空间发展:村落衰退与重构. 改革,(1):148-153.
Li Hongbo and Zhang Xiaolin. 2012. Spatial Extension in the Context of Urban and Rural Development: Village Recession and Reconstruction. Reform, (1): 148-153.
|
李永萍. 2020. “半工半耕”的区域差异与农民家庭发展. 华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),(1):44-54.
Li Yongping. 2020. Regional Difference of "Semi-Working and Semi-Farming" and the Development of Peasant Family. Journal of South China Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), (1): 44-54.
|
梁琦,陈强远,王如玉. 2013. 户籍改革、劳动力流动与城市层级体系优化. 中国社会科学,(12):36-59.
Liang Qi, Chen Qiangyuan and Wang Ruyu. 2013. Household Registration Reform, Labor Mobility and Opotimization of the Urban Hierarchy. Social Sciences in China, (12): 36-59.
|
刘炳福. 1996. 留守老人的问题不容忽视-老年特殊群体调查之一. 上海大学学报(社会科学版),(4):5.
Liu Bingfu. 1996. The Problem of Left-Behind Elderly People cannot be Ignored: One of the Surveys of Special Groups of the Elderly. Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition), (4): 5.
|
刘超. 2022. 城镇化进程中的农民家庭策略与发展型家庭秩序——基于“一家三制”的讨论. 宁夏社会科学,(1):161-167.
Liu Chao. 2022. Peasant Family Strategy and Developmental Family Order in the Process of Urbanization: A Discussion Based on "One Family, Three Systems". Ningxia Social Sciences, (1): 161-167.
|
刘建娥,顾宝昌. 2018. 新型城镇化阶段“农转居”转型社区家庭发展评估. 思想战线,(4):88-95.
Liu Jian'e and Gu Baochang. 2018. An Evaluation of Peasant-to-Citizen Household Development in Transformational Communities in New Urbanization. Thinking, (4): 88-95.
|
刘庆. 2012. “老漂族”的城市社会适应问题研究——社会工作介入的策略. 西北人口,(4):23-26.
Liu Qing. 2012. The Research on Social Adaptation of the Old People Floating in Unfamiliar Places: Intervention to Social Work. Northwest Population Journal, (4): 23-26.
|
陆学艺. 1989. 重新认识农民问题——十年来中国农民的变化. 社会学研究,(6):1-14.
Lu Xueyi. 1989. Re-Understanding the Peasant Problem: Changes about Chinese Farmers in the Past Ten Years. Sociological Studies, (6): 1-14.
|
陆影. 2021. 社会福利制度的空间分化——以城乡社会变迁为分析中心. 江海学刊,(2):129-136.
Lu Ying. 2021. Spatial Differentiation of Social Welfare System: Based on Analysis of Urban and Rural Social Changes. Jianghai Academic Journal, (2): 129-136.
|
吕德文. 2021. “一家两制”:城乡社会背景下美好生活的实践逻辑. 探索,(5):115-124.
Lyu Dewen. 2021. "One Family Two Systems": The Practical Logic of Better Life in the Context of Urban-Rural Society. Explore, (5): 115-124.
|
罗伯特·戴维·萨克. 2010. 社会思想中的空间观:一种地理学的视角. 黄春芳,译. 北京:北京师范大学出版社.
Robert David Sack. 2010. Conceptions of Space in Social Thought: A Geographical Perspective. Huang Chunfang, Trans. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press.
|
马克·戈特迪纳. 2014. 城市空间的社会生产. 任晖,译. 南京:江苏凤凰教育出版社. [Mark Gottdiener. 2014. The Social Production of Urban Space. Ren Hui, Trans. Nanjing: Jiangsu Fenghuang Press. ]
|
米歇尔·福柯. 2006. 另类空间. 王喆,译. 世界哲学,(6):52-57.
Michel Foucault. 2006. Of Other Space. Wang Zhe, Trans. World Philosophy, (6): 52-57.
|
米歇尔·福柯. 2021. 权利的眼睛(修订译本)——福柯访谈录. 严锋,译. 上海:上海人民出版社. [Michel Foucaul. 2021. Dits et Ecrits. Yan Feng, Trans. Shanghai: Shanghai People Press. ]
|
潘光旦. 2013. 逆流而上的鱼. 北京:商务印书馆.
Pan Guangdan. 2013. Fish Against the Current. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
|
齐燕. 2019. 新联合家庭:农村家庭的转型路径. 华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),(5):59-69.
Qi Yan. 2019. New United Family: A Transformation Path for the Rural Households. Journal of South China Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), (5): 59-69.
|
任杰慧. 2021. 空间理论下老年护理专业化队伍稳定性建设. 人口研究,(2):89-101.
Ren Jiehui. 2021. Stability Construction of Professional Team about Elderly Care under Space Theory. Population Research, (2): 89-101.
|
上官子木. 1993. 隔代抚养与“留守”儿童. 父母必读,(11):2.
Shangguan Zimu. 1993. Generational Upbringing and "Left-Behind" Children. Parenting Science, (11): 2.
|
唐灿. 2005. 中国城乡社会家庭结构与功能的变迁. 浙江学刊,(2):202-209.
Tang Can. 2005. The Changes of Family Structure and Function between Urban and Rural in China. Zhejiang Academic Journal, (2): 202-209.
|
王春光. 2011. 警惕城乡三元结构化. 中国老区建设,(3):16.
Wang Chunguang. 2011. Vigilance Against the Urban-Rural Ternary Structure. China's Construction of Old Revolutionary Basic Area, (3): 16.
|
王春光. 2014. 建构一个新的城乡一体化分析框架:机会平等视角. 北京工业大学学报(社会科学版),14(6):1-10.
Wang Chunguang. 2014. Construction of A New Analysis Framework with the Integration of Urban and Rural:From the Perspective of Equal Opportunity. Journal of Beijing University of Technology (Social Science Edition), 14(6): 1-10.
|
王春光. 2019. 第三条城镇化之路:“城乡两栖”. 四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),(6):79-86.
Wang Chunguang. 2019. The Third Way for Urbanization: Residing between the Urban and the Rural Areas. Journal of Sichuan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), (6): 79-86.
|
王国敏. 2004. 城乡统筹:从二元结构向一元结构的转换. 西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),(9):54-58.
Wang Guomin. 2004. Urban-Rural Co-Ordination: The Transition from Dual Structure to Monistic Structure. Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), (9): 54-58.
|
王跃生. 2019. 改革开放以来中国农村家庭结构变动分析. 社会科学研究,(4):95-104.
Wang Yuesheng. 2019. Analysis on the Changes of Rural Family Structure in China Since the Reform and Opening Up. Social Science Research, (4): 95-104.
|
习近平. 2022a. 新发展阶段贯彻新发展理念必然要求构建新发展格局. (2022-08-29)[2022-09-01]. https://www.ccps.gov.cn/tpxw/202208/t20220831_154803.shtml.
Xi Jinping. 2022a. To Pursue the New Development Concept in the New Development Stage Inevitably Requires the Establishment of a New Development Pattern. (2022-08-29) [2022-09-01]. https://www.ccps.gov.cn/tpxw/202208/t20220831_154803.shtml.
|
习近平. 2022b. 高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗-在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告. (2022-10-25)[2022-10-25]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-10/25/content_5721685.htm.
Xi Jinping. 2022b. Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristic and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects. (2022-10-25) [2022-10-25].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-10/25/content_5721685.htm.
|
夏柱智,贺雪峰. 2017. 半工半耕与中国渐进城镇化模式. 中国社会科学,(12):117-137.
Xia Zhuzhi and He Xuefeng. 2017. China's Semi-Industrial, Semi-Agricultural Mode and Incremental Urbanization. Chinese Social in Sciences, (12): 117-137.
|
肖锦成,欧维新. 2013. 城乡统筹下的城市与乡村空间重构研究——以宿迁市为例. 中国土地科学,27(2):54-60.
Xiao Jincheng and Ou Weixin. 2013. Study on the Spatial Restructure in the Coordinated Urban and Rural Development: A Case Study of Suqian Sity. China Land Science, 27(2): 54-60.
|
肖雁飞,廖双红. 2008. 中国城乡二元结构时空分异及可持续发展研究. 热带地理,28(1):42-46.
Xiao Yanfei and Liao Shuanghong. 2008. Temporal-Spatial Disparity Law of Rural-Urban Dual Structure and Sustainable Development in China. Tropical Geography, 28(1): 42-46.
|
谢永飞,梁波,林莉华. 2022. “家”“业”可否兼得:青年农民工回流意愿研究. 热带地理,42(8):1288-1300.
Xie Yongfei, Liang Bo and Lin Lihua. 2022. Can They Have both "Home" and "Employment and Entrepreneurship": A Research on Return Intention of Young Migrant Workers. Tropical Geography, 42(8): 1288-1300.
|
项飙,吴琦. 2020. 把自己作为方法——与项飙谈话. 上海:上海文艺出版社.
Xiang Biao and Wu Qi. 2020. The Self as Method:In Conversation with Biao Xiang. Shanghai: Shanghai Literature & Art Publishing House.
|
杨菊华. 2021. 空间理论视角下老年流动人口的社会适应. 社会学研究,(3):180-203.
Yang Juhua. 2021. Contextual Change and Social Adaptation of Elderly Migrants in China. Sociological Studies, (3): 180-203.
|
杨善华. 2009. 改革以来中国农村家庭三十年——一个社会学的视角. 江苏社会科学,(2):72-77.
Yang Shanhua. 2009. Thirty Years of Rural Families in China Since the Reform: A Sociological Perspective. Jiangsu Social Sciences, (2): 72-77.
|
杨重光. 2009. 城市化进程中的农民家庭裂变与社会和谐. 南京社会科学,(5):98-101.
Yang Chongguang. 2009. The Fission of Peasant Families and Social Harmony in the Process of Urbanization. Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences, (5): 98-101.
|
营立成. 2017. 作为社会学视角的空间:空间解释的面向与限度. 社会学评论,(6):11-22.
Ying Licheng. 2017. Space as a Sociological Perspective: The Orientations and Limitations of Spatial Interpretation. Sociological Review of China, (6): 11-22.
|
赵燕菁. 2003. 经济转型过程中的户籍制度改革. 城市规划汇刊,(1):16-20.
Zhao Yanjing. 2003. The Reform of the Registered Permanent Residence System during Economy Transformation. Urban Planning Forum, (1): 16-20.
|
周飞舟. 2021. 分家和反馈模式. 中华女子学院学报,(2):22-29.
Zhou Feizhou. 2021. Separation and Feedback Model. Journal of China Women's University, (2): 22-29.
|
国家发展和改革委员会. 2016. 中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要. 北京:人民出版社.
National Development and Reform Commission. 2016. The 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China. Beijing: People Press.
|
中共中央国务院. 2018. 乡村振兴战略规划(2018―2022年). (2018-09-26)[2022-08-30]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-09/26/content_5325534.htm.
CPC Central Committee State Council. 2018. Strategic Planning for Rural Revitalization(2018-2022).(2018-09-26)[2022-08-30]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-09/26/content_5325534.htm.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |