宁波市植物园67种木本植物功能性状对开花物候的影响
罗旭悦(2001—),女,浙江台州人,本科生,主要研究方向为自然地理学,(E-mail)1076148736@qq.com; |
收稿日期: 2022-07-21
修回日期: 2022-09-08
网络出版日期: 2023-07-10
基金资助
宁波市科技计划项目自然科学基金:浙江和新疆两地木本植物开花物候变化的驱动力分析(202003N4133)
国家自然科学基金地区项目:新疆荒漠区树木的于旱死亡机制(31860111)
国家自然科学基金面上项目:新疆木本植物开花物候与气候、功能性状和系统发育之间的关系(41871031)
Relationship between Flowering Phenology and Functional Traits of 67 Woody Plants in the Ningbo Botanical Garden
Received date: 2022-07-21
Revised date: 2022-09-08
Online published: 2023-07-10
开花物候的种间差异除受到气候影响外,还可能与植物功能性状有关。但两者的相关程度在不同地区、气候带间差异较大。文章为了探索功能性状是否对亚热带地区常绿阔叶植物的开花物候有影响,在宁波植物园内对67种木本植物开花物候进行观测,并分析其与4种功能性状(生活型、潜在最大树高、花色和果实类型)之间的关系。结果表明:1)67种木本植物初始开花、盛花、败花和开花持续的时间分别为3月28日±21.64 d、3月30日±27.02 d、4月15日±30.78 d和(23.82±13.31)d;2)乔木初始开花时间和盛花时间显著早于灌木(P<0.05),但败花时间和开花持续时间在两者间未有显著性差异(P>0.05),且乔木开花物候的标准差均显著低于灌木,说明乔木开花物候相对于灌木更加稳定;3)广义线性混合效应回归模型结果表明,彩色花朵的败花时间比白色花朵早,潜在最大树高越小的木本植物开花持续时间越长。综上可知,宁波植物园67种木本植物开花物候受功能性状影响,但影响程度与功能性状的类型有关。
罗旭悦 , 陈静 , 范文亮 , 廖珂 , 孙楠 , 李红利 , 刘双 , 杨晓东 . 宁波市植物园67种木本植物功能性状对开花物候的影响[J]. 热带地理, 2023 , 43(6) : 1059 -1069 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003694
Flowering phenology is closely related to plant reproduction, and its response to climate change is obvious; therefore, revealing its influencing factors and interspecific changes has become an important issue in global change ecology and physical geography. Previous studies have reported that interspecific changes in flowering phenology are affected by climatic factors (such as temperature and precipitation) and related to plant functional traits. However, the magnitude of the correlation between functional traits and flowering phenology varies greatly among different regions and climatic zones, and the relationship between them remains unclear. In this study, to explore whether functional traits affect interspecific changes in the flowering phenology of subtropical evergreen broadleaf species, 67 woody species in the Ningbo Botanical Garden were chosen as the study objects. Four types of flowering phenological characteristics (initial flowering time, full bloom time, falling flower time, and duration of the flowering period) were observed. General statistical analyses (i.e., maximum, minimum, mean, coefficient of variation, and frequency) were used to test the distribution patterns of flowering phenology. Four statistical methods (independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, linear fitting, and generalized linear mixed effect regression models) were used to analyze the differences in flowering phenology between different types (tree vs. shrubs, different types of flower color, and fruit type) and the contributions of different functional traits (i.e., potential maximum tree height, life form, flower color, and fruit type) to the changes in flowering phenology. The results showed that: (1) the initial flowering time, full bloom time, falling flower time, and duration of the flowering period of 67 woody plants were March 28 ± 21.64 d, March 30 ± 27.02 d, April 15 ± 30.78 d, and 23.82 ± 13.31 d, respectively. (2) The initial flowering time and full bloom time of trees were significantly earlier than those of shrubs (P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was observed between them in the falling flower time or duration of the flowering period (P > 0.05). The standard deviation of the flowering phenology of trees was lower than that of shrubs, indicating that the flowering phenology of trees was more stable than that of shrubs. (3) The results of generalized linear mixed-effect regression models showed that the effects of the four functional traits on flowering phenology differed. More specifically, flower color significantly affected falling-flower time (P < 0.01). The falling flower time of colored flowers was earlier than that of white flowers. Life form and potential maximum tree height significantly affected the duration of the flowering period (P < 0.01). Plants with higher potential maximum heights have longer flowering periods. In conclusion, our study indicates that the flowering phenology of 67 woody species in the Ningbo Botanical Garden is affected by functional traits. However, the magnitude of the influence is related to the type of functional trait. Flower color and potential maximum tree height contributed more to interspecific changes in flowering phenology than other functional traits. Our results help us understand the variation in flowering phenology among woody species in subtropical regions and provide a new perspective for the theoretical exploration of phenology.
表1 宁波植物园67种木本植物的科属组成信息 (d)Table1 Family and Genus of 67 woody plants in Botanical Garden of Ningbo, Zhejiang |
生活型 | 物种名 | 科 | 属 | 初始开花日期 | 盛花日期 | 败花日期 | 开花持续时间 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灌木 | 李叶绣线菊Spiraea prunifolia | 蔷薇科 | 绣线菊属 | / | 63 | 80 | / |
山莓Rubus corchorifolius | 悬钩子属 | / | 63 | 71 | / | ||
垂丝海棠Malus halliana | 苹果属 | 71 | 78 | 97 | 26 | ||
拟木香Rosa banksiopsis | 蔷薇属 | 108 | 111 | 120 | 12 | ||
月季Rosa banksiopsis | 105 | 106 | 155 | 50 | |||
月季Rosa chinensis | 97 | 101 | 124 | 27 | |||
月季Rosa canina | 106 | 115 | 148 | 40 | |||
月季Gold Medal | 108 | 113 | 165 | 57 | |||
玫瑰Rosa rugosa | / | 97 | 111 | / | |||
厚叶石斑木Rhaphiolepis umbellata | 石斑木属 | 118 | 127 | 139 | 21 | ||
“染井吉野”樱花Prunus x yedoensis | 樱属 | 75 | 78 | 92 | 17 | ||
钟花樱(福建山樱花)Prunus campanulata | / | 63 | 68 | / | |||
浙闽樱Cerasusschneideriana | 63 | 63 | 78 | 15 | |||
迎春樱(迎春樱桃)Cerasus discoidea | / | 63 | 68 | / | |||
日本早樱Cerasus subhirtella | 71 | 75 | 85 | 14 | |||
大岛樱Cerasus lannesiana | 71 | 71 | 82 | 11 | |||
“神代曙”樱花Prunus×yedoensis | / | 75 | 87 | / | |||
“小松乙女”樱C.spachiana | 75 | 75 | 87 | 12 | |||
“仙台垂枝”樱Cerasus lannesiana | / | 75 | 85 | / | |||
江户彼岸樱Cerasus spachiana | 78 | / | 87 | 9 | |||
日本晚樱Cerasus serrulata | 90 | 94 | 106 | 16 | |||
“淡晕宫粉”梅花Prunus mume | 杏属 | / | 63 | 68 | / | ||
美人梅Prunus × blireana | 李属 | / | 63 | 71 | / | ||
紫叶李Prunus Cerasifera | / | 66 | 75 | / | |||
关山P.lannesiana Alborosea | 90 | 92 | 106 | 16 | |||
八重红枝垂樱(日本樱花)Prunus Subhirtella | 85 | 87 | 94 | 9 | |||
红叶石楠Photinia × fraseri | 石楠属 | 85 | 94 | 118 | 33 | ||
石楠Photinia serratifolia | / | 85 | 97 | / | |||
金钟花Forsythia viridissima | 木犀科 | 连翘属 | / | 63 | 82 | / | |
迎春花Jasminum nudiflorum | 素馨属 | 64 | 71 | 94 | 28 | ||
山茶花Camellia sp. | 山茶科 | 山茶属 | 63 | 63 | 72 | 5 | |
乔木 | 紫玉兰Magnolia liliflora | 木兰科 | 木兰属 | 63 | 68 | 71 | 8 |
白玉兰Michelia alba | / | 63 | 68 | / | |||
二乔木兰Magnolia soulangeana | / | 68 | 68 | / | |||
广玉兰Magnolia Grandiflora | 139 | 148 | 167 | 28 | |||
新含笑Michelia | 含笑属 | 68 | 68 | 90 | 22 | ||
深山含笑Michelia maudiae | 63 | 63 | 94 | 31 | |||
醉香含笑Michelia macclurei | / | 68 | 78 | / | |||
乐昌含笑Michelia chapensis | 82 | 82 | 97 | 15 | |||
杜鹃花Rhododendron simsii | 杜鹃花科 | 杜鹃属 | 63 | 78 | 114 | 51 | |
毛鹃Rhododendron pulchrum | 71 | 69 | 106 | 35 | |||
紫荆Cercis chinensis | 豆科 | 紫荆属 | 71 | 67 | 91 | 24 | |
巨紫荆Cercis gigantea | 71 | 78 | 82 | 11 | |||
锦鸡儿Caragana sinica | 锦鸡儿属 | / | 85 | 90 | / | ||
绣球荚蒾Viburnum macrocephalum | 忍冬科 | 荚蒾属 | 78 | 85 | 108 | 30 | |
金丝梅Hypericum patulum | 藤黄科 | 金丝桃属 | / | 66 | 85 | / | |
金丝桃Hypericum monogynum | / | 146 | 165 | 30 | |||
红花檵木Loropetalum chinense | 金缕梅科 | 檵木属 | / | 66 | 101 | / | |
芫花Daphne genkwa | 瑞香科 | 瑞香属 | / | 68 | 85 | / | |
溲疏Deutzia scabra | 虎耳草科 | 溲疏属 | 82 | 87 | 99 | 15 | |
小鸡爪槭Acer palmatum | 槭树科 | 槭属 | 78 | 85 | 103 | 25 | |
复叶槭Acer negundo | 71 | 75 | 85 | 14 | |||
茶条槭Acer ginnala | 103 | 106 | 115 | 12 | |||
红千层Callistemon rigidus | 桃金娘科 | 红千层属 | 111 | 118 | 153 | 43 | |
垂枝红千层Callistemon viminalis | / | 148 | 153 | / | |||
南天竹Nandina domestica | 小檗科 | 南天竹属 | 106 | 146 | 158 | 19 | |
栀子花Gardenia jasminoides | 茜草科 | 栀子属 | 146 | 151 | 167 | 21 | |
卫矛Euonymus alatus | 卫矛科 | 卫矛属 | / | 160 | 167 | / | |
四季桂Osmanthus fragrans | 木犀科 | 木犀属 | 66 | 72 | 85 | 13 | |
流苏树Chionanthus retusus | 流苏树属 | 97 | 99 | 111 | 14 | ||
垂柳Salix babylonica | 杨柳科 | 柳属 | 75 | 82 | 106 | 31 | |
香樟Cinnamomum camphora | 樟科 | 樟属 | 82 | 87 | 131 | 49 | |
樟树Cinnamomum camphora | 82 | 87 | 131 | 49 | |||
秤锤树Sinojackia xylocarpa | 安息香科 | 秤锤树属 | 87 | 94 | 108 | 21 | |
山楂Crataegus pinnatifida | 蔷薇科 | 山楂属 | 108 | 111 | 118 | 10 | |
七叶树Aesculus chinensis | 七叶树科 | 七叶树属 | 118 | 127 | 151 | 33 | |
四照花Dendrobenthamia japonica | 山茱萸科 | 四照花属 | / | 148 | 179 | / |
|
表2 宁波市植物园开花物候多因素广义线性模型分析Table 2 Analysis of multifactorial generalized linear model of flowering phenology in Ningbo Botanical Garden |
开花物候特征 | 功能性状 | 回归结果 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
回归 系数 | 标准误差 | t | P值 | ||
初始开花时间/d (R²=0.13; P<0.1) | 生活型 | -0.19 | 0.15 | -0.99 | 0.33 |
潜在最大树高/m | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.47 | 0.64 | |
花色 | -0.32 | 0.19 | -2.12 | <0.05 | |
果实类型 | -0.14 | 0.15 | -0.86 | 0.40 | |
盛花时间/d (R²=0.14; P<0.1) | 生活型 | -0.24 | 0.16 | -1.47 | 0.15 |
潜在最大树高/m | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.80 | 0.43 | |
花色 | -0.28 | 0.12 | -2.30 | <0.05 | |
果实类型 | -0.18 | 0.14 | -1.31 | 0.20 | |
败花时间/d (R 2= 0.23; P<0.05) | 生活型 | -0.38 | 0.15 | -2.55 | <0.01 |
潜在最大树高/m | 0.27 | 0.14 | 1.93 | 0.06 | |
花色 | -0.31 | 0.11 | -2.76 | <0.01 | |
果实类型 | -0.25 | 0.13 | -1.94 | 0.06 | |
开花持续时间/d (R 2=0.28; P<0.05) | 生活型 | -0.56 | 0.18 | -3.15 | <0.01 |
潜在最大树高/m | 0.51 | 0.17 | 2.95 | <0.01 | |
花色 | -0.15 | 0.14 | -1.12 | 0.27 | |
果实类型 | -0.25 | 0.14 | -1.71 | 0.10 |
1 http://www.iplant.cn/frps
罗旭悦、陈静、范文亮、廖珂、杨晓东:文献收集、论文撰写与修改;
罗旭悦、陈静、范文亮、廖珂、刘双:数据采集、数据整理;
罗旭悦、范文亮、李红利、孙楠:数据处理、数据分析;
杨晓东:论文构思、方法设计。
Bolmgren K, and Cowan P D. 2008. Time-Size Tradeoffs: A Phylogenetic Comparative Study of Flowering Time, Plant Height and Seed Mass in a North-Temperate Flora. Oikos, 117(3): 424-429.
|
Bolnick D I, Ingram T, Stutz W E, Snowberg L K, Lau O L, and Paull J S. 2010. Ecological Release from Interspecific Competition Leads to Decoupled Changes in Population and Individual Niche Width. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277(1689): 1789-1797.
|
Boyle W A, and Bronstein J L. 2012. Phenology of Tropical Understory Trees: Patterns and Correlates. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(4): 1415-1430.
|
Chávez-Pesqueira M, and Núñez-Farfán J. 2016. Habitat Fragmentation Changes the Adaptive Value of Seed Mass for the Establishment of a Tropical Canopy Tree. Biotropica, 48(5): 628-637.
|
Cornejo-Tenorio G, and Ibarra-Manríquez G. 2007. Plant Reproductive Phenology in a Temperate Forest of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Interciencia, 32(7): 445-452.
|
Davies T J, Wolkovich E M, Kraft N J B, Salamin N, Allen J M, Ault T R, Betancourt J L, Bolmgren K, Cleland E E, Cook B I, Crimmins T M, Mazer S J, McCabe G J, Pau S, Regetz J, Schwartz M D, and Travers S E. 2013. Phylogenetic Conservatism in Plant Phenology. Journal of Ecology, 101(6): 1520-1530.
|
Dowding P. 1987. Wind Pollination Mechanisms and Aerobiology. International Review of Cytology, 107(8): 421-437.
|
刁松锋,姜景民,伊焕,岳华峰,董汝湘,孙洪刚,邵文豪. 2016. 浙江低山地区多用途植物无患子的开花物候特征. 生态学报,36(19):6226-6234.
Diao Songfeng, Jiang Jingming, Yi Huan, Yue Huafeng, Dong Ruxiang, Sun Honggang, and Shao Wenhao. 2016. Flowering Phenology of the Multipurpose Tree Species Sapindus Mukorossi Gaertn in Low Mountain Areas of Zhejiang Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 36(19): 6226-6234.
|
方晓峰. 2006. 宁波地区植被的物种多样性特征研究. 上海:华东师范大学.
Fang Xiaofeng. 2006. Researching in the Species Diversity Character of Vegetation Within Ningbo. Shanghai: East China Normal University.
|
方修琦,余卫红. 2002. 物候对全球变暖响应的研究综述. 地球科学进展,17(5):714-719.
Fang Xiuqi, and Yu Weihong. 2002. Progress in the Studies on the Phenological Responding to Global Warming. Advances in Earth Science, 17(5): 714-719.
|
冯家宝,范顺祥,侯煜飞,剧永望,马天蕊,高英月,张志东. 2021. 河北省森林草原区草本植物叶功能性状种间和种内变异. 东北林业大学学报,49(1):23-28.
Feng Jiabao, Fan Sunxiang, Hou Yufei, Ju Yongwang, Ma Tianrei, Gao Yingyue, and Zhang Zhidong. 2021. Interpecific and Intraspecific Variation of Leaf Function Traits of Herbaceous Plants in a Forest-Steppe Zone, Heibei Province, China. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 49(1): 23-28.
|
冯灼华. 2012. 宁波城市园林植物多样性调查与评价. 杭州:浙江农林大学.
Feng Zuohua. 2012. Investigation and Evaluation on the Landscape Plants Diversity in Ningbo City. Hangzhou: Zhejiang A & F University.
|
胡小丽. 2015. 古田山和中国科学院植物研究所植物园木本植物繁殖物候研究. 咸阳:西北农林科技大学.
Hu Xiaoli. 2015. Study on Reproductive Phenology of Woody Plants in Gutianshan and Botanical Garden of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xianyang: Northwest A & F University.
|
胡小丽,张杨家豪,米湘成. 2015. 浙江古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林开花物候:气候因素、系统发育关系和功能性状的影响. 生物多样性,23(5):601-609.
Hu Xiaoli, Zhang Yangjiahao, and Mi Xiangcheng. 2015. Influence of Climate, Phylogeny, and Functional Traits on Flowering Phenology in a Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest, East China. Biodiversity Science, 23(5): 601-609.
|
胡小丽,常朝阳,杜彦君. 2017. 传粉方式和果实类型对木本植物繁殖物候的影响. 广西植物,37(3):315-321,406.
Hu Xiaoli, Chang Zhaoyang, and Du Yanjun. 2017. Effects of Pollination Mode and Fruit Type on Reproductive Phenology of Woody Plants. Guihaia, 37(3): 315-321, 406.
|
江珊. 2021. 常见南方野花识别手册. 重庆:重庆大学出版社.
Jiang Shan. 2021. Handbook for Identifying Common Southern Wildflowers. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press.
|
Kushwaha C P, Tripathi S K, and Singh K P. 2011. Tree Specific Traits Affect Flowering Time in Indian Dry Tropical Forest. Plant Ecology, 212(6): 985-998.
|
Kochmer J P, and Handel S N. 1986. Constraints and Competition in the Evolution of Flowering Phenology. Ecological Monographs, 56: 303-325.
|
Lawrence D, and Barraclough T G. 2016. Evolution of Resource Use Along a Gradient of Stress Leads to Increased Facilitation. Oikos, 125(9): 1284-1295.
|
Lacey E P, Roach D A, Herr, Kincaid S, and Perrott R. 2003. Multigenerational Effects of Flowering and Fruiting Phenology in Plantago Lanceolata. Ecology, 84: 2462-2475.
|
Li X M, Zhang D Y, and Liao W J. 2015. The Rhythmic Expression of Genes Controlling Flowering Time in Southern and Northern Populations of Invasive Ambrosia Artemisiifolia. Journal of Plant Ecology, 8(2): 207-212.
|
李江文,王忠武,任海燕,靳宇曦,韩梦琪,王舒新,韩国栋. 2017. 荒漠草原建群种短花针茅功能性状对长期放牧的可塑性响应. 西北植物学报,37(9):1854-1863.
Li Jiangwen, Wang Zhongwu, Ren Haiyan, Jin Yuxi, Han Mengqi, Wang Shuxin, and Han Guodong. 2017. Plastic Response of Individual Functional Traits in Stipa Breviflorato Longterm in a Desert Steppe. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 37(9): 1854-1863.
|
刘双. 2021. 宁波植物园:天然氧吧 花木天堂. 浙江林业,(6):32-33.
Liu Shuang. 2001. Ningbo Botanical Garden: Natural Oxygen Bar, Paradise of Flower and Tree. Zhejiang Forestry, (6): 32-33.
|
缪玲霞,王国明,陈叶平. 2019. 浙江舟山群岛山茶所在群落物种组成及多样性. 亚热带植物科学,48(3):247-253.
Miao Lingxiao, Wang Guoming, and Chen Yeping. 2019. Species Composition and Diversity of Communities with Camellia Japonica in Zhoushan Archipelago, Zhejiang. Subtropical Plant Science, 48(3): 247-253.
|
Ollerton J, and Lack A J. 1992. Flowering Phenology: An Example of Relaxation of Natural Selection?. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 7: 274-276.
|
潘元琪,杜彦君,陈文德,赵袁. 2020. 植物物候是否能解释物种共存:以浙江古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林为例. 中国科学(生命科学),50(4):362-375.
Pan Yuanqi, Du Yanjun, Chen Wende, and Zhao Yuan. 2020. Can Plant Phenology Explain Species Coexistence: A Case Study in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest of Gutianshan, Zhejiang. Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 50(4): 362-375.
|
Peñuelas J, and Filella I. 2001. Responses to a Warming World. Science, 294(5543): 793-795.
|
Petersen C E, Ciesielski J B, and Mcquaid B A. 2010. A Two-Year Study of the Reproductive Phenology of Baptisia Alba (Fabaceae). Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, 103(1/2): 13-21.
|
Rathcke B, and Lacey E P. 1985. Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 16: 179-214.
|
R Core Team. 2020. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
|
饶显龙,黄若之,史琰,吴仁武,包志毅. 2020. 凝练地域特色,营造水上森林——宁波植物园湿生木本植物专类园规划设计及营建解析. 中国园林,36(5):116-121.
Rao Xianlong, Huang Ruozhi, Shi Yan, Wu Renwu, and Bao Zhiyi. 2020. Condense Regional Characteristics and Construct the Forest on Water: Analysis of the Planning and Design and Construction of Wet Woody Plants Specialized Garden in Ningbo Botanical Garden. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 36(5): 116-121.
|
Schemske D W, Willson M F, Melampy M N, Miller L J, Verner L, Schemske K M, and Best L B. 1978. Flowering Ecology of Some Spring Woodland Herbs. Ecology, 59(2): 351-366.
|
Schwartz M D, Hanes J M, and Liang G L. 2013. Comparing Carbon Flux and High-Resolution Spring Phenological Measurements in a Northern Mixed Forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 169: 136-147.
|
Sun S C, and Frelich L E. 2011. Flowering Phenology and Height Growth Pattern are Associated with Maximum Plant Height, Relative Growth Rate and Stem Tissue Mass Density in Herbaceous Grassland Species. Jourmal of Ecology, 99(4): 991-1000.
|
Swenson N G. 2013. The Assembly of Tropical Tree Communities—the Advances and Shortcomings of Phylogenetic and Functional Trait Analyses. Ecography, 36(3): 264-276.
|
Ting S, Hartley S, and Burns K C. 2008. Global Patterns in Fruiting Seasons. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 17(5): 648-657.
|
王雷,李玲莉,王海洋,陈红. 2020. 重庆市46种木本园林植物不同生长型对开花物候的效应.西南大学学报(自然科学版),42(11):86-94.
Wang Lei, Li Lingli, Wang Haiyang, and Chen Hong. 2020. Effects of Different Growth Forms on Flowering Phenology of 46 Woody Garden Plants in Chongqing. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 42(11): 86-94.
|
Wang Q, Guo Q, Chi X, Zhu S, and Tang Z. 2022. Evolutionary History and Climate Conditions Constrain the Flower Colours of Woody Plants in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 15(1): 196-207.
|
Wang Y, Yang X D, Ali A, Lv G H, Long Y X, Wang Y Y, Ma Y G, and Xu C C. 2020. Flowering Phenology Shifts in Response to Functional Traits, Growth form, and Phylogeny of Woody Species in a Desert Area. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11: 536.
|
王妍. 2021. 新疆木本植物开花物候与大气环境因子关系探讨. 乌鲁木齐:新疆大学.
Wang Yan. 2021. Relationship between Flowering Phenology and Atmospheric Environmental Factors of Woody Plants in Xinjiang. Urumqi: Xinjiang University.
|
杨晓东,姬盼盼,热依沙,李宏侠. 2018. 31种木本植物开花物候与系统发育的关系. 生态学报,38(3):1003-1015.
Yang Xiaodong, Ji Panpan, Re Yisha,and Li Hongxia. 2018. Relationship between Flowering Phenology and Phylogeny in 31 Woody Plants of Urumqi, Xinjiang. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38(3): 1003-1015.
|
杨晓. 2010. 青藏高原东缘高寒草甸开花物候格局及其对不同干扰方式的响应. 兰州:兰州大学.
Yang Xiao. 2010. Flowering Phenological Patterns of Alpine Meadows on the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Their Responses to Different Disturbance Modes. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University.
|
叶喜阳,周寅,王淑安,田梅,陆耕宇,陈国建,王挺,顾宇,黄鹞,董佳,毕玉科,毛涵杰,郭燕青,黄润铖. 2020. 长三角城市野花300种. 上海:华东自然博物联盟.
Ye Xiyang, Zhou Yin, Wang Shu’an, Tian Mei, Lu Gengyu, Chen Guojian, Wang Ting, Gu Yu, Huang Yao, Dong Jia, Bi Yuke, Mao Hanjie, Guo Yanqing, and Huang Runcheng. 2020. 300 Species of Wildflowers in the Yangtze River Delta City. Shanghai: East China Natural Museum Alliance.
|
余若云. 2017. 中国特有木本种子植物性状的分布特征及其与环境因素关系的研究. 合肥:安徽农业大学.
Yu Ruoyun. 2017. Study on the Distribution of Traits and the Relationships with Environmental Factors of Endemic Woody Seed Plants in China. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University.
|
张春花,章志龙,贾鹏. 2016. 甘南高寒草甸群落花期物候研究. 草业科学,33(2):283-289.
Zhang Chunhua, Zhang Zhilong, and Jia Peng. 2016. Plants Flowering Phenology in Gannan Alpine Meadow. Pratacultural Science, 33(2): 283-289.
|
张福春. 1995. 气候变化对中国木本植物物候的可能影响. 地理学报,50(5):402-410.
Zhang Fuchun. 1995. Effects of Global Warming on Plant Phenological Everts in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 50(5): 402-410.
|
张静. 2016. 风铃木类植物开花性状与观赏价值研究. 北京:中国林业科学研究院.
Zhang Jing. 2016. Study on Flowering Traits and Ornamental Value of Handroanthus and Tabebuia Species. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry.
|
邹嘉琪,何秉宇,陈静,王妍,杨晓东. 2021. 伊宁市木本植物开花物候特征及其与环境因子关系研究. 安徽农业科学,49(16):75-81,5.
Zou Jiaqi, He Bingyu, Chen Jing, Wang Yan, and Yang Xiaodong. 2021. Study on the Flowering Phenology of Woody Plants and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Yining City. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 49(16): 75-81, 5.
|
祖元刚,毛子军,袁晓颖,赵玉香. 2000. 白桦的开花时间及生殖构件的数量与树龄和树冠层次的关系. 生态学报,20(4):673-677.
Zu Yuangang, Mao Zijun, Yuan Xiaoying, and Zhao Yuxiang. 2000. The Blooming and Production of Reproductive Modules in Relation to Tree Age and Their Position within Crowns in Betula Platyphylla. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 20(4): 673-677.
|
赵袁,杜彦君,曹洪麟,胡小丽,马克平. 2016. 浙江古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林开花和结实物候的种间种内差异. 中国科学:生命科学,46(11):1312-1323.
Zhao Yuan, Du Yanjuan, Cao Honglin, Hu Xiaoli, and Ma Keping. 2016. Interspecific and Intraspecific Differences in Flowering and Fruiting Phenotypes of Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forests in Gutianshan, Zhejiang. Scientia Sinica (Vitae), 46(11): 1312-1323.
|
浙江植物志(新编)编辑委员会. 2021. 浙江植物志(新编). 杭州:浙江科学技术出版社.
Editorial Board of Flora of Zhejiang (New Edition). 2021. Flora of Zhejiang (New Edition). Hangzhou: Zhejiang Science and Technology Press.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |