城乡高质量融合发展阶段都市农业的模式研究——基于广州的实践
罗珂(1984—),男,湖南衡阳人,高级工程师,硕士,注册城市规划师,研究方向为乡村规划、国土空间规划、专项规划;(E-mail)353287772@qq.com; |
收稿日期: 2022-08-16
修回日期: 2022-10-27
网络出版日期: 2023-08-02
基金资助
广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院科技基金项目“国土空间规划背景下广州农业农村单元传导管控关键技术研究”[2022科研(院)05]
广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院科技基金项目“国土空间规划乡村规划政策系列研究——耕地占补平衡政策梳理”[2020科研(院)62]
广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院科技基金项目“乡村振兴导向下广州‘景村融合’实施路径研究”(RDI2220202005)
Urban Agriculture Pattern in High-Quality Urban-Rural Integration Stage: A Case Study of Guangzhou
Received date: 2022-08-16
Revised date: 2022-10-27
Online published: 2023-08-02
基于广州都市农业的4个实践案例(花城农园、一方乐田、都市锦田和艾米稻香小镇)探索城乡高质量融合发展阶段都市农业的新内涵和基本模式。研究发现:1)城乡高质量融合发展背景下都市农业具有新技术、新机制、新功能和新形态“四新”内涵。2)广州4个都市农业案例由城市中心到外围的区位布局依次归纳为立体农业(新形态)、休闲农业(新功能)、田园综合体(新技术)以及共享农业(新机制)4种基本模式,不同模式的创新做法、空间形态和实施效果各有差异。3)广州都市农业发展的创新经验主要有:强化农业资源转化和多重功能价值;发展多元途径、创新融合多种发展形态并以模式创新为抓手;科技与人工智能共同赋能于都市农业发展;多方主体参与,形成“政-企-校”智库联合机制;制度保障助力都市农业项目落地。
罗珂 , 郭雨露 , 何可 , 叶昌东 , 陈子晗 , 凌佩云 . 城乡高质量融合发展阶段都市农业的模式研究——基于广州的实践[J]. 热带地理, 2023 , 43(7) : 1302 -1314 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003709
This research investigated the new concept of urban agriculture in the new stage and its patterns based on four practical cases of urban agriculture in Guangzhou: Huacheng Farm Park in Tianhe, Happy Farmland in Haizhu, an urban Jintian in Huangpu, and Amy's Rice Town in Conghua. The results show the following: First, after experiencing the four stages of the independent stage in the urban-rural isolation period, output stage in the rural-support urban period, compensatory stage in the urban-feeding rural period, and modern agriculture stage in the urban-rural integration period, the new stage of urban-rural, high-quality integrated urban agriculture indicates the four new characteristics of new functions, new technologies, new mechanisms, and new forms. Second, based on the concepts of the four new characteristics of urban agriculture in the new stage, the development of urban agriculture in Guangzhou can be summarized by the four basic patterns of stereoscopic agriculture (new form), leisure agriculture (new function), rural complex (new technology), and shared agriculture (new mechanism) distributed from the central to outside region. Stereoscopic agriculture, which is basically located in the CBD, combines agriculture and commercial functions, focusing on new technologies such as e-commerce operations and technological displays, emphasizing the characteristics of commercial operations in the mechanism, and manifesting itself as an intensive three-dimensional construction. Leisure agriculture, essentially located in the urban central area, is the combination of agriculture and the daily recreation function of citizens. It applies park landscape construction and artistic creation techniques, revealing the characteristics of the farming experience and providing leisure parks for citizens. The rural complex is basically located in the inner suburban area and combines agricultural production with scientific research activities. It comprehensively uses new technologies of farmland consolidation and agricultural production and is characterized by science, technology, and agriculture shaped as independent islands. In the outer suburbs, shared agriculture combines traditional agricultural production with the rural tourism experience, in addition to using new agricultural technologies for farmland preparation and production. It also emphasizes using new Internet of Things technologies, highlighting the new mechanism of shared participation, and is designed as standardized farmland. Third, the innovative experience of Guangzhou's urban agriculture development mainly includes strengthening the transformation of agricultural resources and the value of multiple functions; diversified innovation and integration forms; pattern innovation, new technologies, and artificial intelligence to enhance the development of urban agriculture; the combined mechanism of "government, enterprise, and university"; and institutional guarantees to facilitate the implementation of urban agriculture projects. The development of urban agriculture in the new stage of urban-rural integration in Guangzhou provides experience and lessons for other cities.
表1 广州都市农业建设模式对比Table 1 Comparison of urban agriculture construction model in Guangzhou |
项目 | 案例地名称 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
花城农园 | 一方乐田 | 都市锦田 | 艾米稻香小镇 | |
城市区位 | 中心城区CBD(天河区) | 中心城区非CBD(海珠区) | 近郊区(黄埔区) | 远郊区(从化区) |
耕作模式 | 科技机械培植 | 人工耕作 | 机械化耕作 | 机械化耕作 |
城乡关系 | 城乡立体相融 | 城乡相融 | 城乡相伴 | 城中有乡,乡间有城 |
农业形态演变 | CBD“立体田”(农旅综合体) | 城中荒田→市民农园 | 江心岛田→科研实验田 | 城郊闲田→现代农业产业园 |
农业功能 | 种业研发、数字农业、科普教育、 电商展示、文化旅游 | 粮食种植、农耕体验、 娱乐休闲、研学教育 | 粮食生产、农业科研 | 粮食生产、智能农业物联 |
建设手段 | 业态形态模式创新 | 功能价值提升 | 全域土地综合整治 | 农田景观打造 |
运营机制 | 企校联合+政府支持 | 政府引导+企业主体+市场运作 | 政企助力+院士指引 | 共享+托管 |
表2 广州都市农业模式特点比较分析Table 2 Comparison of characteristics of different urban agriculture patterns |
案例 | 新功能 | 新技术 | 新机制 | 新形态 |
---|---|---|---|---|
花城农园 | 农业+商业 | 电商运营、科技展示 | 商业运营 | 立体农业建筑 |
一方乐田 | 农业+游憩 | 公园景观、艺术创作 | 农事体验 | 休闲农业公园 |
都市锦田 | 农业+科研 | 农田整理、农业生产 | 科技引领 | 农业孤岛 |
艾米稻香小镇 | 农业+旅游 | 农田整理、农业生产、物联网 | 共享参与 | 标准化农田 |
罗 珂:研究思路和文章写作;
郭雨露:案例整理与分析;
何 可:修改校对,中英文摘要撰写;
叶昌东:分析框架构思;
陈子晗:修改校对,参考文献整理;
凌佩云:修改校对数据。
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