基于多源数据的东莞城市公共中心体系识别与形成机制研究
|
毕瑜菲(1992—),女,山西泽州人,创新中心规划师,工程师,硕士,注册城乡规划师,主要研究方向为城市规划与设计、通勤行为研究等,(E-mail)529004753@qq.com。 |
收稿日期: 2022-05-09
修回日期: 2022-06-22
网络出版日期: 2023-08-02
基金资助
广东省城市感知与监测预警企业重点实验室基金项目(2020B121202019)
广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院科技基金项目:广州标志性文化空间研究(RDI2210202159)
The Identification and Formation Mechanism of the Dongguan Urban Public Center System Based on Multi-Source Data
Received date: 2022-05-09
Revised date: 2022-06-22
Online published: 2023-08-02
基于POI、手机信令、百度建筑等开源数据和传统土地利用数据等多源数据,运用核密度、空间自相关分析等方法全方位、全时态识别东莞城市公共中心体系的空间布局、功能等级和服娱腹地,并从空间形态和功能联系视角评估规划实施效果,最后从政策制度、外资投入、产业经济、土地要素和交通设施等因素探究形成机制。结果发现:1)运用多源数据综合识别东莞城市公共中心体系的技术方法有效、准确且实用,东莞中心体系已初步具有“形态多中心”和“功能单中心”的双重空间特征;2)规划对于东莞城市中心体系的构建具有一定的推动作用,但形态和功能方面的发育情况距规划均有一定差距;3)东莞城市中心体系是政府力与市场力多方博弈的结果,不单取决于政府政策制定、土地投放和设施建设,也与资本投入和产业转移息息相关。
毕瑜菲 , 张佶 , 李洋 . 基于多源数据的东莞城市公共中心体系识别与形成机制研究[J]. 热带地理, 2023 , 43(7) : 1326 -1338 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003714
Public center systems planning is of great significance in controlling and guiding the optimization of urban spatial structures, activating the efficiency of urban operations, and improving the quality of urban spaces and human living environments. However, most previous studies used a single data source and focused on identifying the physical space characteristics centered on traditional commercial and public service facilities, making it difficult to accurately measure the actual operational performance of public centers. Therefore, this study relied on multiple data sources to research Dongguan City in South China from multiple perspectives. The formation of Dongguan's central system was affected by two factors: the external force of the megacity region and the endogenous driving force of urban development. First, qualitative and quantitative calibration methods were used to identify the spatial patterns of public centers from the spatial morphological dimension in an all-round and all-temporal manner using Kernel Density Estimation (K) and the Getis-Ord G statistical method. Second, the functional hierarchy and service hinterland of centers at all levels were identified using the dynamic human activity links of the recreational population. Third, the effectiveness of planning implementation was evaluated from the perspective of spatial morphology and functional connection. Finally, starting from the factors of policy system, foreign investment, industrial economy, land factors, and transportation facilities, this study explored the formation mechanism of the center in a targeted manner, trying to provide a reference for the benign development of similar manufacturing cities. The results showed that: 1) the technical method using multisource data such as POI, cell phone signaling, and Baidu building footprint and traditional land use data to identify the public center system was effective, accurate, and practical. Dongguan had initially formed a center system with dual spatial characteristics of "morphological polycentric" and "functional monocentric"; 2) the plan had a certain role in promoting the construction of the center system. However, the development in terms of morphology and function was somewhat different from the plan; 3) the center system resulted from a multiparty game between the government and the market power. Thus, the center system depended on government policy formulation, land allocation, and facility construction and was closely related to capital investment and industrial transfer. Dongguan's urban public center system was important and highly correlated with the city's degree of industrial development. Therefore, this study included modern productive service elements in the center identification elements for the first time while focusing on extending the research object to the functional network of the Pearl River Delta megacity region, using the regional dynamic spatial movement trajectory of human flow to identify the distribution of urban center systems, and comprehensively defining the elements and technical methods of urban public center system identification, in an attempt to provide a reference for similar manufacturing cities.
表1 公共中心镇街服娱出行量分布前十名的镇街联系Table 1 The top ten towns and streets in the distribution of service and entertainment trips in public central towns and streets |
| 出行OD | 出行量/人 | 占市域出行总量的比例/% | 占所在镇街出行 总量的比例/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 长安—长安 | 95 878 | 8.23 | 92.81 |
| 虎门—虎门 | 70 186 | 6.02 | 70.23 |
| 大朗—大朗 | 69 412 | 5.96 | 78.39 |
| 塘厦—塘厦 | 69 087 | 5.93 | 94.20 |
| 厚街—厚街 | 68 470 | 5.88 | 86.60 |
| 凤岗—凤岗 | 62 444 | 5.36 | 92.21 |
| 常平—常平 | 57 621 | 4.94 | 90.54 |
| 清溪—清溪 | 50 873 | 4.37 | 95.29 |
| 东城—东城 | 47 796 | 4.10 | 77.21 |
| 寮步—寮步 | 44 100 | 3.78 | 84.62 |
表2 公共中心服娱人口跨边界出行量分布Table 2 Cross border travel volume distribution of public center service and entertainment population |
| 出行OD | 出行量/人 | 占全市跨区域出行的比例/% |
|---|---|---|
| 市内镇A—镇B | 72 688 | 80.823 |
| 深—莞 | 8 717 | 9.693 |
| 惠—莞 | 4 192 | 4.661 |
| 广佛—莞 | 2 664 | 2.962 |
| 其他—莞 | 1 674 | 1.861 |
表3 公共中心跨镇街(市内镇A—镇B)出行量及占全市跨边界出行总量的比例Table 3 The number of trips across town streets in public centers (town a-town B in the city) and its proportion in the total number of cross-border trips in the city |
| 公共中心范围 | 出行 量/人 | 占全市 总量的 比例/% | 出行OD | 出行量/人 | 占全市非镇街内部出行的比例/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 合计 | 76 320 | 100 | |||
| 环中心 城区 中心 | 29 100 | 38.129 | 东城—南城 | 2 284 | 3.14 |
| 东城—莞城 | 2 282 | 3.14 | |||
| 莞城—东城 | 2 083 | 2.87 | |||
| 南城—东城 | 1 513 | 2.08 | |||
| 万江—南城 | 1 326 | 1.82 | |||
| 寮步—东城 | 1 288 | 1.77 | |||
| 莞城—南城 | 1 219 | 1.68 | |||
| 东城—寮步 | 1 008 | 1.39 | |||
| 南城—莞城 | 996 | 1.37 | |||
| 南城—万江 | 879 | 1.21 | |||
| 厚街—南城 | 664 | 0.91 | |||
| 道滘—万江 | 616 | 0.85 | |||
| 万江—莞城 | 556 | 0.77 | |||
| 万江—道滘 | 549 | 0.75 | |||
| 环长安— 虎门 中心 | 16 532 | 21.661 | 虎门—长安 | 1 546 | 2.13 |
| 长安—虎门 | 1 312 | 1.80 | |||
| 沙田—厚街 | 1 203 | 1.65 | |||
| 厚街—沙田 | 901 | 1.24 | |||
| 沙田—虎门 | 829 | 1.14 | |||
| 虎门—沙田 | 738 | 1.02 | |||
| 厚街—虎门 | 597 | 0.82 | |||
| 虎门—厚街 | 545 | 0.75 | |||
| 环松山湖中心 | 12 965 | 16.988 | 大朗—大岭山 | 1 911 | 2.62 |
| 寮步—大朗 | 1 786 | 2.46 | |||
| 大岭山—大朗 | 1 403 | 1.93 | |||
| 大朗—寮步 | 839 | 1.15 | |||
| 大岭山—寮步 | 785 | 1.08 | |||
| 寮步—大岭山 | 543 | 0.75 | |||
| 环常平 中心 | 7 025 | 9.205 | 常平—桥头 | 963 | 1.33 |
| 桥头—常平 | 853 | 1.17 | |||
| 横沥—常平 | 710 | 0.98 | |||
| 常平—横沥 | 625 | 0.86 | |||
| 常平—大朗 | 601 | 0.83 | |||
| 横沥—企石 | 571 | 0.79 | |||
| 环塘厦 中心 | 4 025 | 5.274 | 塘厦—凤岗 | 710 | 0.98 |
| 塘厦—清溪 | 647 | 0.89 | |||
| 凤岗—塘厦 | 611 | 0.84 | |||
| 清溪—塘厦 | 588 | 0.81 | |||
| 其他 | 6 673 | 8.743 | |||
|

1 巨型城市区域(megacity-region)一词最早源于西方学术界,即由功能紧密联系的城市组成城市密集地区空间形态(李凯克,2020)。
2 https://www.planning.org.cn/2016anpc/view?id=492
3 生产服务要素包括生产性服务设施、科技研发中心、专业市场和大型交通枢纽等生产功能性服务设施,生活性服务要素包括既有研究中普遍认同的商业金融、文化、体育、酒店、市场等一系列生活服娱设施。
4 东莞市国土空间总体规划(2020—2035年). http://nr.dg.gov.cn/gkmlpt/content/3/3939/mpost_3939846.html#624
5 将每个网格单元前往各中心的人数进行排序,如果某中心对该网格的吸引人数明显高于其他中心(第一大值占比高于第二大值占比15%以上),那么该网格就属于该中心的势力范围;否则即为势力争夺区。
6 即除镇街内部出行外的服娱出行,包括市内跨镇街出行和市外跨城市边界出行。
毕瑜菲:数据采集与处理、识别方法构建及验证、分析与图件制作、论文撰写;
张 佶:论文思路及方法指导、论文审阅及修改;
李 洋:数据处理与图件制作、论文撰写。
|
Asikhia M O, and Nkeki N F.2013. Polycentric Employment Growth and the Commuting Behaviour in Benin Metropolitan Region,Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Geology, 5(2): 1-17.
|
|
陈文涛. 2020. 全球城市区域视角下“边缘城市”中心体系演化特征研究——基于昆山市的实证. 南京:南京大学.
Chen Wentao. 2020. Study on The Characteristics of Urban Center System in "Edge City" From The Global City-Regions Perspective: Take Kunshan as An Example. Nanjing: Nanjing University.
|
|
Getis A, and Ord J K. 1992. The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24(3): 189-206.
|
|
何东,刘勇,刘秀华,章征涛,周佳松. 2019. 基于多源数据的山地城市多中心空间结构分析——以重庆主城区为例. 西南大学学报(自然科学版),41(11):73-81.
He Dong, Liu Yong, Liu Xiuhua, Zhang Zhengtao, and Zhou Jiasong. 2019. Polycentric Spatial Structure Analysis of Mountainous Cities Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of the Central Urban Area of Chongqing. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 41(11): 73-81.
|
|
黄哲,钟卓乾,袁奇峰,班鹏飞. 2021. 东莞样本:全球城市区域腹地城市的发展挑战与地方响应. 城市规划学刊,(3):36-43.
Huang Zhe, Zhong Zhuoqian, Yuan Qifeng, and Ban Pengfei. 2021.Challenges and Local Responses of the Hinterland City in China's Global City Regions: A Case Study of Dongguan. Urban Planning Forum,(3): 36-43.
|
|
金忠民,周凌,邹伟,施澄. 2019. 基于多源数据的特大城市公共活动中心识别与评价指标体系研究——以上海为例. 城市规划学刊,(6):25-32.
Jin Zhongmin, Zhou Lin, Zou Wei, and Shi Cheng. 2019.A Research on Identification and Evaluation Index System of Public Activity Center in Megacities: The Case of Shanghai. Urban Planning Forum, (6): 25-32.
|
|
Kathy Pain. 2006. Policy Challenges of Functional Polycentricity in a Global Mega-City Region: South East England. Built Environment, 32(2): 194-205.
|
|
李健. 2012. 全球城市-区域的生产组织及其运行机制. 地域研究与开发,31(6):1-6,27.
Li Jian. 2012. The Organization of Production and Operation Mechanism on Global City-Region: A Case Study on the Yangtze River Delta. Areal Research and Development, 31(6): 1-6, 27.
|
|
李凯克,钮心毅. 2020. 基于非参数分析方法的上海-苏州巨型城市区域就业多中心空间结构研究.同济大学学报(自然科学版),48(10):1395-1405.
Li Kaike, and Niu Xinyi. 2020.Polycentric Structure of Employment in Shanghai-Suzhou Mega City-Region Based on Nonparametric Analysis. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 48(10):1395-1405.
|
|
Liu X, Derudder B, and Wang M. 2018. Polycentric Urban Development in China: A Multi-Scale Analysis. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 45(5): 953-972.
|
|
罗震东,朱查松. 2008. 解读多中心:形态、功能与治理. 国际城市规划,4(1):85-88.
Luo Zhendong, and Zhu Chasong. 2008. Understanding Polycentricity by Configuration, Function and Governance. Urban Planning International, 4(1): 85-88.
|
|
Manepalli U R, Bham G H, and Kandada S. 2011. Evaluation of Hotspots Identification Using Kernel Density Estimation (K) and Getis-Ord ( G i * ) on I-630. Indianapolis: 3rd International Conference on Road Safety and Simulation, 14-16.
|
|
钮心毅,康宁,李萌. 2019. 都市圈视角下的上海城市公共中心体系重构探讨. 城市规划学刊,(3):42-49.
Niu Xinyi, Kang Ning, and Li Meng. 2019. Reconstruction of Shanghai City Public Center System from the Perspective of Metropolitan Area. Urban Planning Forum, (3): 42-49.
|
|
施歌,江南,姚恋秋. 2017. 基于GIS和兴趣点(POI)数据的城市中心体系识别方法研究——以上海市为例. 现代测绘,40(6):27-30.
Shi Ge, Jiang Nan, and Yao Lianqiu. 2017. Study on the Identification of Urban Center System Based on GIS and POI: A Case Study of Shanghai. Modern Surveying and Mapping, 40(6): 27-30.
|
|
孙斌栋,石巍,宁越敏. 2010. 上海市多中心城市结构的实证检验与战略思考. 城市规划学刊,(1):58-63.
Sun Bindong, Shi Wei, and Ning Yuemin. 2010. An Empirical Study on the Polycentric Urban Structure of Shanghai and Strategies in Future. Urban Planning Forum, (1): 58-63.
|
|
吴志强,王伟,李红卫,于涛方,王雷. 2008. 长三角整合及其未来发展趋势——20年长三角地区边界、重心与结构的变化. 城市规划学刊,(2):1-10.
Wu Zhiqiang, Wang Wei, Li Hongwei, Yu Taofang, and Wang Lei. 2008. The Process and Trends of Integration in the Yangtze River Delta: Based on Its Change of Boundary, Gravity Centre and Structure in 20 Years. Urban Planning Forum, (2): 1-10.
|
|
Xiao Y, Wang Y, Miao S, and Niu X. 2021. Assessing Polycentric Urban Development in Shanghai, China, with Detailed Passive Mobile Phone Data. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 48(9): 2656-2674.
|
|
晏龙旭,张尚武,王德,谢栋灿,陈烨. 2016. 上海城市生活中心体系的识别与评估. 城市规划学刊,(6):65-71.
Yan Longxu, Zhang Shangwu, Wang De, Xie Dongcan, and Chen Ye. 2016. Identification and Evaluation of Living Centers System in Shanghai. Urban Planning Forum, 4(6): 65-71.
|
|
杨俊宴,章飙,谭瑛,陶诗琪. 2011. 城市中心体系研究的概念内涵初探.建筑与文化,4(12):92-93.
Yang Junyan, Zhang Biao, Tan Ying, and Tao Shiqi. 2011.The Preliminary Study of Concept Connotation on Urban Centers' System Research. Architecture & Culture, 4(12): 92-93.
|
|
Yang Z, Chen Y, Guo G, Zheng Z, and Wu Z. 2021. Using Nighttime Light Data to Identify the Structure of Polycentric Cities and Evaluate Urban Centers. Science of the Total Environment, 780: 146586.
|
|
袁奇峰,黄哲,吴泉隆,顾嘉欣,陈诗凝. 2020. 从农业大县、世界工厂到湾区都市——东莞城市四十年. 新建筑,(2):16-22.
Yuan Qifeng, Huang Zhe, Wu Quanlong, Gu Jiaxin, and Chen Shining. 2020. From the Agricultural County to the World Factory and to the City of the Greater Bay Area: The Forty Years Development of Dongguan City. New Architecture, (2): 16-22.
|
|
张京祥. 2013. 国家-区域治理的尺度重构:基于“国家战略区域规划”视角的剖析. 城市发展研究,(5):45-50.
Zhang Jingxiang. 2013. Scale Rescaling of Regional Governance: Based on the Analysis of the Perspective of "National Strategic Regional Planning". Urban Development Studies, (5): 45-50.
|
|
郑晓伟. 2017. 基于开放数据的西安城市中心体系识别与优化. 规划师,33(1):57-64.
Zheng Xiaowei. 2017. Identification and Optimization of Xi'an Urban Center System Based on Open Data. Planners, 33(1): 57-64.
|
|
朱惠斌,李贵才. 2015. 基于功能网络的珠三角区域经济空间格局. 经济地理,35(2):1-6.
Zhu Huibin, and Li Guicai. 2015. The Pearl River Delta Regional Economy Spatial Structure Research Based on Function Network. Economic Geography, 35(2): 1-6.
|
|
朱子明. 2015. 长三角多中心巨型城市区域的空间结构与产业功能演变研究. 上海:华东师范大学.
Zhu Ziming. 2015. Study on the Spatial Structure and Industrial Fuction's Evolution of Polycentric Mega-City Region in Yangtze River Delta. Shanghai: East China Normal University.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |