城市村落变迁中村民市民化剖析——以广州市杨箕村为例
陈洁莹(2000—),女,广东广州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为城市地理学,(E-mail)hschenjy@163.com; |
收稿日期: 2022-01-19
修回日期: 2023-05-09
网络出版日期: 2023-08-02
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目“领域性理论及其视角下的在华跨国移民治理研究”(42071187)
The Citizenization of Villagers in the Transition of Urban Villages: Taking Yangji Village in Guangzhou as an Example
Received date: 2022-01-19
Revised date: 2023-05-09
Online published: 2023-08-02
随着新型城镇化战略的实施,城中村改造及随之而来的村民市民化进程备受关注。广州市杨箕村作为重要的城中村改造地,其村民市民化进程极具代表性。文章从城市更新下城市村落变迁的视角出发,运用市民化理论框架,深度剖析了杨箕村变迁和回迁对于村民市民化的具体影响,希冀可以厘清城中村市民化的普遍特征和特殊进程。研究发现:1)城中村村民市民化的基本路径是农民在政府征地过程中,获取城市户籍以及城市就业机会,在融入到社会分工中逐步实现市民化;2)城中村村民市民化过程大致可以划分为村落时期、城中村时期、回迁小区时期3个阶段;3)政府的征地和房屋出租行为推动村民职业和文化心理的转变,而城中村改造提高了村民收入、提升了社区的文化氛围,进一步推动了村民身份的市民化、职业的市民化和文化的市民化进程;4)总体上,城中村改造助推了村民市民化进程,但村民的市民化不仅是改造背后的生活空间转变,还受到城中村所处的区位、村集体干部、外部社会环境、个人主观能动性等的影响。
陈洁莹 , 刘云刚 . 城市村落变迁中村民市民化剖析——以广州市杨箕村为例[J]. 热带地理, 2023 , 43(7) : 1339 -1350 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003702
China's new urbanization strategy emphasizes the need to help more people enjoy equal access to urban public services while increasing the urbanization rate. With the implementation of the new urbanization strategy, how the villagers of the original rural settlements surrounded by the urban landscape (i.e., urban villages) turn into citizens (i.e., citizenization) has attracted much attention. However, few studies have attempted to deconstruct the influence of the entire change process in urban villages on the process of villagers' citizenization by associating the fate of villagers with external urbanization. To make up for this research gap, this study took Yangji Village of Guangzhou as an example, using the theoretical framework of citizenization to analyze the process and results of citizenization of villagers from the three perspectives of identity, economy, and cultural citizenization, focusing on discussing the relationship between the changes of Yangji Village and the citizenization of villagers and the lagging problems of citizenization of villagers in urban villages to realize a deep discussion on the phenomenon of identity change of villagers in urban villages and clarify the general characteristics and special process of citizenization of urban villages. The results found that: 1) the basic path of citizenization of villagers in urban villages was that farmers acquire urban household registration and urban employment opportunities in the process of land expropriation by the government and gradually realize citizenization by integrating into the social division of labor; 2) the citizenization process of villagers in urban villages can be roughly divided into three stages: the village period, the urban village period, and community relocation period; 3) the government's land acquisition and housing rental behaviors promoted the transformation of villagers' occupation and cultural psychology, while the urban village reconstruction improved the income of the villagers, enhanced the cultural atmosphere of the community, and further promoted the citizenization process of the villagers' identity, occupation, and culture; 4) the reconstruction of urban villages boosted the citizenization process of villagers on the whole. However, the citizenization of villagers was not only the transformation of living space behind the transformation but also affected by the location of urban villages, village collective cadres, external social environment, individual subjective initiatives, and others. The realization of citizenization requires villagers to have a real sense of citizenship, change their way of life, and discard unreasonable traditional ideas. In this process, the government should establish an effective social security mechanism to help land-lost farmers enjoy the same rights as urban citizens regarding employment, social security, housing, education, and other aspects. In addition, community activities or modern media should help less-educated villagers accept the new culture, improve their ideological quality, realize the institutional and normative nature of urban civilization, and enhance their awareness of public services.
表1 杨箕村村民市民化重点访谈对象基本特征及访谈时长Table 1 Basic characteristics and interview duration of key interviewees of villagers' citizenization in the Yangji Village |
编号 | 性别 | 年龄/岁 | 职业/状态 | 属性 | 身份认同 | 户口类型 | 时长/min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01 | 男 | 20多 | 警察 | 杨箕村民 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 10 |
02 | 男 | 60多 | 带小孩 | 杨箕村民 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 45 |
03 | 女 | 20多 | 制药 | 杨箕村民 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 3 |
04 | 女 | 50多 | 租房中介 | 杨箕村民 | 农民 | 城市户口 | 15 |
05 | 女 | 60多 | 带小孩 | 杨箕村民 | 农民 | 农村户口 | 10 |
06 | 女 | 30多 | 育婴师 | 杨箕租户 | 市民 | 农村户口 | 15 |
07 | 男 | 40多 | 富力员工 | 在杨箕买房居住 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 5 |
08 | 男 | 20多 | 学生 | 杨箕附近居住 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 10 |
09 | 男 | 40多 | 健身推广 | 非杨箕居住,杨箕工作 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 3 |
10 | 女 | 30多 | 带小孩 | 非杨箕居住,常来杨箕 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 10 |
11 | 女 | 70多 | 已退休 | 非杨箕居住,常来杨箕 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 30 |
12 | 男 | 60多 | 带小孩 | 在杨箕附近居住近10 a | 市民 | 城市户口 | 15 |
13 | 女 | 30多 | 医疗公司 | 杨箕附近居住 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 45 |
14 | 女 | 30多 | 带小孩 | 程介村村民 | 市民 | 城市户口 | 30 |
表2 杨箕村问卷受调查者的基本特征 (%)Table 2 Basic characteristics of the respondents to the questionnaire in the Yangji Village |
受调查者的基本特征 | 村民 | 租户 | 其他 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄/岁 | <20 | 2.37 | 1.32 | 2.63 |
20~40 | 3.95 | 12.63 | 28.95 | |
41~60 | 3.95 | 5.00 | 15.53 | |
>60 | 11.05 | 1.58 | 11.05 | |
婚姻状况 | 已婚 | 10.61 | 10.61 | 30.30 |
未婚 | 9.09 | 11.36 | 25.76 | |
其他 | 0 | 0 | 2.27 | |
在广州的 时间/a | <1 | 0.18 | 0.37 | 0.92 |
1~5 | 1.47 | 6.25 | 6.62 | |
6~10 | 0 | 1.47 | 11.03 | |
>10 | 20.22 | 11.95 | 39.52 | |
现居住地 | 杨箕社区 | 15.91 | 12.88 | 6.06 |
广州市杨箕村外 | 3.79 | 7.58 | 44.70 | |
其他 | 0 | 1.52 | 7.58 |
表3 杨箕村居民市民化结果Table 3 Results of citizenization of residents in the Yangji Village % |
指标 | 村民 | 租户 | 其他 | 指标 | 村民 | 租户 | 其他 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
更留恋的生活 | 户口类型 | ||||||
改造前的 | 0.98 | 0 | 0.98 | 城市户口 | 12.35 | 10.00 | 34.12 |
改造后的 | 10.49 | 11.15 | 30.16 | 农村户口 | 6.47 | 14.12 | 22.94 |
觉得差不多 | 6.89 | 11.80 | 27.54 | 自我身份认知 | |||
适应改造后的时间 | 市民 | 8.18 | 10.45 | 25.00 | |||
1年以下 | 8.68 | 11.87 | 25.11 | 准市民 | 1.82 | 1.82 | 4.55 |
两年左右 | 3.65 | 0.91 | 2.74 | 村民(农民) | 5.45 | 1.36 | 5.45 |
三年左右 | 1.37 | 0.00 | 6.85 | 其他 | 0 | 3.64 | 16.36 |
四年左右 | 1.83 | 0.00 | 7.31 | 说不清 | 4.55 | 2.27 | 9.09 |
还未适应 | 2.28 | 4.57 | 22.83 | 社会地位变化 | |||
杨箕长期居留意愿 | 显著变差 | 0 | 1.52 | 3.04 | |||
非常不愿意 | 1.88 | 0 | 3.76 | 有变差 | 1.22 | 0 | 1.22 |
不愿意 | 1.50 | 0 | 6.02 | 没有变化 | 8.21 | 17.33 | 36.47 |
一般 | 0 | 9.02 | 16.92 | 有变好 | 4.86 | 4.86 | 16.41 |
愿意 | 7.52 | 12.03 | 26.32 | 显著变好 | 2.43 | 0.30 | 2.13 |
非常愿意 | 5.26 | 1.88 | 7.89 | 户口类型倾向 | |||
月工资水平/元 | 城市户口 | 6.67 | 7.56 | 19.56 | |||
<4 000 | 3.54 | 3.00 | 7.90 | 农村户口 | 5.33 | 1.78 | 13.33 |
4 000~6 000 | 2.72 | 1.63 | 3.27 | 都可以 | 6.67 | 13.33 | 25.78 |
6 000~8 000 | 1.63 | 2.45 | 7.36 | 学历 | |||
8 000~10 000 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 9.81 | 初中或以下 | 2.72 | 0.99 | 2.72 |
>10 000 | 6.81 | 14.99 | 32.70 | 高中 | 1.48 | 3.95 | 3.95 |
经济状况变化 | 中专或大专 | 3.70 | 2.96 | 11.85 | |||
显著变差 | 0 | 1.56 | 3.12 | 本科 | 3.95 | 9.88 | 29.63 |
有变差 | 0 | 2.49 | 3.74 | 硕士或以上 | 3.70 | 3.70 | 14.81 |
没有变化 | 8.41 | 10.28 | 34.58 | 附近人文化素质 | |||
有变好 | 4.98 | 7.48 | 17.45 | 显著变差 | 1.67 | 0 | 1.67 |
显著变好 | 2.80 | 0.93 | 2.18 | 有变差 | 0.00 | 0 | 5.35 |
保持以前生活习俗 | 没有变化 | 10.03 | 10.03 | 17.06 | |||
非常不重要 | 0 | 0. | 1.74 | 有变好 | 6.69 | 11.37 | 30.77 |
不重要 | 1.39 | 1.39 | 5.56 | 显著变好 | 1.67 | 0.67 | 3.01 |
一般 | 7.26 | 11.46 | 26.04 | (与市民对比) | |||
重要 | 4.17 | 6.94 | 22.22 | 生活习惯 | |||
非常重要 | 4.17 | 2.43 | 5.21 | 有较大差别 | 2.61 | 3.48 | 8.70 |
政府对村落文化的保护 | 没太大差别 | 17.39 | 18.26 | 49.57 | |||
教育、养老观念 | |||||||
非常不合理 | 0 | 1.81 | 0 | 有较大差别 | 3.07 | 3.51 | 9.21 |
不合理 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 4.35 | 没太大差别 | 16.67 | 18.42 | 49.12 |
一般 | 6.52 | 6.52 | 19.57 | 社会问题的看法 | |||
合理 | 7.25 | 12.32 | 27.54 | 有较大差别 | 3.95 | 3.95 | 7.89 |
非常合理 | 3.26 | 1.45 | 6.52 | 没太大差别 | 14.91 | 17.45 | 51.75 |
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1 https://wenwen.sogou.com/z/q827867243.htm
陈洁莹:实地调研、数据收集、图表加工及论文初稿撰写;
刘云刚:论文设计、审阅、修订、指导。
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