中国城市间风险投资网络结构演化及影响因素
卢秦(1997—),女,贵州遵义人,硕士,主要研究方向为城市地理与区域发展,(E-mail)luq1231998@163.com; |
收稿日期: 2022-12-23
修回日期: 2023-05-06
网络出版日期: 2023-08-14
基金资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目——新型基础设施推动粤港澳大湾区经济发展与机制运行一体化研究(21&ZD107)
Evolution and Influencing Factors of Venture Capital Network Structure among Chinese Cities
Received date: 2022-12-23
Revised date: 2023-05-06
Online published: 2023-08-14
鉴于现有风险投资网络研究对其长期动态演化特征和影响因素的认知还不够全面,以2000—2018年中国城市间风险投资流数据构建中国城市风险投资网络,借助复杂网络分析、GIS空间技术分析以及构建多元线性回归模型等方法,对全国城市间风险投资网络的空间演化特征及影响因素进行探讨。研究发现:1)城市间风险投资联系趋于紧密,全国风险投资网络的集聚程度出现上升,但投资方/融资方网络空间结构皆趋于扁平化,存在去中心化趋势;2)城市间风险投资联系整体上由东部沿海轴线向中西部扩张,表现出明显的路径依赖和距离衰减特征,网络核心节点城市也呈现数量扩张与权力转移的倾向;3)城市的创业基础水平、风投行业发展水平、金融环境和城市可达性等因素均对全国风险投资网络空间结构呈现差异化的影响,进一步表明了多维邻近性、城市经济与路径依赖等多种关键机制在风险资本网络构建与区域资本中心的形成与演变中的重要推动作用。
卢秦 , 叶玉瑶 , 李苑君 , 吴康敏 , 刘郑倩 . 中国城市间风险投资网络结构演化及影响因素[J]. 热带地理, 2023 , 43(8) : 1512 -1522 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003722
Inter-city Venture Capital (VC) exchange is a micro-embodiment of the cross-regional flow of innovative elements such as capital and technology, and also an important driving force for shaping the network of VC cities. Compared with other types of investment activities, VC has more advantages in promoting the development of innovative industries, especially high-tech industries, and then driving urban economy and regional development; hence, it is widely regarded as a "catalyst" for economic growth and technological innovation. The study of VC networks is helpful in understanding the financial activity links between cities across the country and provides key support for further rational allocation of financial resources between cities. The existing research rarely uses the actual investment amount of VC transaction events between cities to construct the city network. The analysis of the continuous dynamic evolution research and the influencing factors of the overall spatial network structure over a long period of time needs to be strengthened. To compensate for the shortcomings in the above research, this study uses the data of China's inter-city VC flow between 2000 and 2018 to construct the Chinese urban VC network. The long-term spatial evolution characteristics and overall network structure influencing factors of the national inter-city VC network are discussed based on complex network analysis, GIS spatial technology analysis, multiple linear regression model, and so on. This study derives the following results: (1) The connection between cities tends to be closer, and the agglomeration degree of the national VC network increases, displaying obvious characteristics of high aggregation and small-world network. However, the cyber spatial structure of investors/start-ups tends to be flattened, there is a trend of decentralization. (2) The VC connection between cities has expanded from the eastern coastal axis to the central and western regions as a whole, exhibiting obvious characteristics of path dependence and distance attenuation. Additionally, the VC connection continues to sink from the three major urban agglomerations to other marginal cities, and the core node cities of the network also display a tendency of quantitative expansion and power transfer. (3) The city's entrepreneurial foundation, VC industry development level, financial environment, and urban accessibility all have differentiated impacts on the spatial structure of the national VC network. Moreover, the aforementioned are affected by various mechanisms such as multi-dimensional proximity, urban economy, and path dependence, which promote the construction of national and regional VC networks and the formation and evolution of regional capital centers.
表1 风险投资网络结构影响因素分析的变量定义与解释Table 1 Variable definition and interpretation of influencing factors analysis of venture capital network structure |
变量 | 变量定义 | 数据来源 | 处理过程 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
被解 释变 量 | ln outdegree | 加权出度/亿元 | CVSource数据库 | 城市投出风险资本总和的对数值 |
ln indegree | 加权入度/亿元 | CVSource数据库 | 城市接收风险资本总和的对数值 | |
ln value | 加权度/亿元 | CVSource数据库 | 城市投出和接收风险资本总和的对数值 | |
解释 变量 | ln gdp | 地区生产总值/亿元 | 《中国城市统计年鉴》 (http://www.stats.gov.cn/) | 各城市gdp统计数据的对数值 |
ln sec | 第二产业占比/% | 各城市第二产业占比统计数据的对数值 | ||
ln thi | 第三产业占比/% | 各城市第三产业占比统计数据的对数值 | ||
ln finan | 金融机构存贷余额占GDP比重/% | 各城市金融机构存贷余额统计数据占该城市gdp比重的对数值 | ||
ln startup | 城市新增企业数量/个 | 爱企查(https://aiqicha.baidu.com/) | 各城市新增企业数量总和的对数值 | |
ln vc | 城市风险投资机构数量/个 | CVSource数据库 | 各城市风险投资机构总和的对数值 | |
ln hsr | 高铁经停班次数/次 | 《全国铁路旅客列车时刻表》 (https://www.12306.cn/index/) | 各城市年度高铁经停班次统计数据的对数值 |
表2 2000—2018年全国风险投资网络结构的统计特征量Table 2 Statistical characteristics of national venture capital network structure from 2000 to 2018 |
特征量统计 | 2000—2009年 | 2010—2018年 |
---|---|---|
节点数/个 | 198 | 305 |
联系对数/对 | 577 | 2 079 |
涉及投资额/亿元 | 4 365.30 | 34 642.36 |
网络密度 | 0.014 7 | 0.022 2 |
网络平均聚集系数 | 0.394 | 0.631 |
出度网络中心势 | 0.028 | 0.020 |
入度网络中心势 | 0.009 | 0.008 |
图2 2000—2018年中国城市间风险投资网络空间格局 Fig.2 Cyber-spatial pattern of venture capital between cities in China from 2000 to 2018 |
表3 2000—2018年中国城市间风险投资加权中心度和联系对Top10Table 3 China's inter-city venture capital weighted centrality and linkage pair TOP10 from 2000 to 2018 |
排 名 | 加权中心度 | 联系城市对 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000—2009年 | 2010—2018年 | 2000—2009年 | 2010—2018年 | ||
1 | 北京 | 北京 | 上海→北京 | 上海→北京 | |
2 | 上海 | 上海 | 北京→上海 | 北京→上海 | |
3 | 香港 | 深圳 | 香港→上海 | 深圳→北京 | |
4 | 深圳 | 杭州 | 香港→北京 | 北京→深圳 | |
5 | 南京 | 香港 | 北京→深圳 | 香港→北京 | |
6 | 广州 | 天津 | 北京→呼和浩特 | 北京→杭州 | |
7 | 杭州 | 广州 | 上海→广州 | 拉萨→北京 | |
8 | 呼和浩特 | 苏州 | 北京→广州 | 深圳→上海 | |
9 | 成都 | 拉萨 | 北京→杭州 | 喀什→北京 | |
10 | 苏州 | 南京 | 北京→成都 | 北京→广州 |
图3 城市间风险投资联系的距离衰减特征Fig.3 Distance attenuation characteristics of venture capital linkages between cities |
表4 不同距离范围的城市间风险投资额占比变化Table 4 Changes in the proportion of venture capital investment between cities in different distance ranges |
距离/km | 投资额占比/% | |
---|---|---|
2000—2009年 | 2010—2018年 | |
<1 000 | 15.81 | 22.96 |
1 000~2 400 | 82.43 | 67.72 |
>2400 | 1.76 | 9.31 |
表5 2000—2018年城市间风险投资网络的核心―边缘结构Table 5 The core-periphery structure of inter-city venture capital network from 2000 to 2018 |
地 位 | 2000—2009年 | 2010—2018年 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量/个 | 城市 | 数量/个 | 城市 | ||
核 心 | 13 | 香港(0.42)、上海(0.41)、北京(0.40)、深圳(0.39)、南京(0.26)、杭州(0.25)、广州(0.18)、 天津(0.16)、苏州(0.15)、拉萨(0.14)、成都(0.13)、无锡(0.11)、哈尔滨(0.11) | 22 | 北京(0.30)、深圳(0.29)、上海(0.28)、杭州(0.24)、天津(0.23)、广州(0.22)、宁波(0.21)、南京(0.20)、香港(0.19)、苏州(0.19)、拉萨(0.19)、珠海(0.18)、福州(0.17)、嘉兴(0.16)、西安(0.15)、武汉(0.15)、重庆(0.14)、厦门(0.14)、成都(0.13)、长沙(0.12)、乌鲁木齐(0.12)、青岛(0.12) | |
边 缘 | 185 | 济南(0.10)、绍兴(0.10)、昆明(0.09)、宁波(0.10)、青岛(0.10)、长沙(0.06)、乌鲁木齐(0.06)、合肥(0.06)、南昌(0.05)、郑州(0.04)、 武汉(0.04)、西安(0.04)等 | 283 | 喀什(0.10)、常州(0.10)、合肥(0.09)、绍兴(0.09)、伊犁哈萨克(0.90)、 金华(0.09)、哈尔滨(0.09)、无锡(0.08)、东莞(0.08)、芜湖(0.08)、石河子(0.08)、南宁(0.07)、新余(0.07)、九江(0.07)、宜春(0.07)、温州(0.07)等 |
|
表6 中国城市间风险投资网络结构的影响因素分析回归结果Table 6 Regression results of analysis of influencing factors of venture capital network structure between cities in China |
变量 | ln outdegree | ln indegree | ln value |
---|---|---|---|
ln gdp | -0.930** | 0.109 | -0.290 |
ln sec | 0.420 | 1.316* | 1.384* |
ln thi | -0.887 | 3.297*** | 3.327** |
ln finan | 0.974** | 0.675** | 0.755** |
ln startup | 0.141*** | 0.108*** | 0.127*** |
ln vc | 0.983*** | 0.224* | 0.517*** |
ln hsr | -0.189 | 0.131** | 0.125** |
常数项 | 9.081 | -22.235*** | -17.252*** |
样本量/个 | 82 | 204 | 212 |
R 2 | 0.675 | 0.529 | 0.581 |
|
1 www.cvsource.com.cn
卢 秦:收集和处理数据,撰写和修改论文,以及论文图件和表格制作;
叶玉瑶:提出研究问题,指导论文撰写和修改;
李苑君:指导修改论文引言和部分文字表述;
吴康敏:指导修改论文部分内容文字表述;
刘郑倩:协助完善论文图件。
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