城市绿色空间对心理健康的影响:研究进展与展望
刘晔(1986—),男,广东广州人,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为城市人居环境与居民健康福祉、城市化与人口流动、人才流动的机制与影响,(E-mail)liuye25@mail.sysu.edu.cn; |
收稿日期: 2022-03-09
修回日期: 2022-08-05
网络出版日期: 2023-09-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目——时空行为视角下的城市人居环境对老年人幸福感的影响机制研究(42171196)
国家自然科学基金项目——城市居住环境对“空巢”人群幸福感的时空效应研究(41971194)
The Impact of Urban Green Space on Mental Wellbeing: Research Progress and Recommendations
Received date: 2022-03-09
Revised date: 2022-08-05
Online published: 2023-09-11
良好生态环境成为人民生活质量的增长点,作为城市生态环境的重要组成部分,城市绿色空间与公共健康之间的关系亟待深入研究。通过梳理城市绿色空间与居民心理健康的关系的国内外研究进展,梳理绿色空间使用与暴露水平的多种测度方法,阐明绿色空间影响居民心理健康的“减轻环境压力-修复力-建设力”机制,基于“社会-生态”视角揭示绿色空间使用机会、使用动机和易用性的群体差异对绿色空间心理健康效应的调节作用,并指出当前研究存在对不同社会文化群体心理健康增益效果关注不足、地区绿化水平评价方法单一、未解决地理背景的不确定性问题、忽视居住自选择问题和复杂非线性关系尚未明晰等局限性,并在研究内容、研究数据、研究视角和研究方法上提出展望。
刘晔 , 何嘉锐 , 王若宇 , 李志刚 . 城市绿色空间对心理健康的影响:研究进展与展望[J]. 热带地理, 2023 , 43(9) : 1747 -1759 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003733
The provision of a high-quality ecological environment is essential for the quality of life of residents. As an important component of the urban ecological environment, the relationship between urban green spaces and public health requires further investigation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the Chinese and international literature on how urban green spaces affect mental well-being. First, it introduces different approaches of measuring the use of and exposure to urban green spaces. The most commonly used indicators for measuring the use and exposure to urban green spaces include Surrounding Greenness, Access to Green Spaces, Green Viewing Rate and Green Space Quality and Usage Satisfaction. The main advantages of Surrounding Greenness are wide spatial coverage, long timespan, and low cost; however, the accuracy of measuring exposure is relatively low. Researchers have extensively used access to green spaces. Because the bird's-eye perspective cannot fully reflect resident perceptions of park green spaces, scholars have used the green view ratio, which has the advantages of wide coverage, low cost, easy access, and small data deviation. Greenspace quality and usage satisfaction are also important measurement indicators, and their main advantages are low operational difficulty and the ability to reflect residents' subjective evaluations more accurately. It then elucidates the "environmental stress reduction-restoration-instoration" mechanisms underlying the effect of urban green spaces on mental well-being. Specifically, urban green spaces can affect the mental health of residents by reducing the harm arising from heat and pollution, restoring capacity, and building capacity. Green spaces alleviate environmental pressure by purifying air, reducing noise, and alleviating the heat island effect, thereby promoting residents' mental well-being. People can alleviate their psychological stress and restore their ability to control attention by viewing green spaces, thereby protecting their mental health and providing a favorable and convenient venue for residents to conduct physical activities and socialize with their neighbors, which is beneficial to their mental wellbeing. Subsequently, it illustrates the moderating effect of opportunities to use urban green spaces, motivation to use urban green spaces, and ease of using urban green spaces on mental wellbeing from a "socio-ecological" perspective. Finally, it indicates that the current body of literature has several limitations and that future research agendas should be centered on research content, data, perspectives, and methods. Specifically, (1) for research content, the effect of green spaces on the mental well-being of different social and cultural groups is poorly understood. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of the sociocultural mechanism of the effect of urban green spaces to enrich the existing research framework. (2) Most previous studies used one method to measure the level of greenspace exposure or usage. It is advisable to use a variety of methods to measure the level of greenspace exposure or usage both subjectively and objectively. (3) From a research perspective, most previous studies have used a research paradigm based on local and static analysis, failing to solve the Uncertain Geographic Context Problem (UGCoP). Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a human-centered perspective and accurately measure the impact of green space exposure on residents' mental well-being in their residential neighborhoods, workplaces, and other activity spaces. (4) Researchers need to solve the problem of residential self-selection when investigating the effect of urban green spaces on mental well-being and explore nonlinear complex relationships using advanced methods such as machine learning.
表1 城市绿色空间使用与暴露水平常用指标对比Table 1 Comparison of commonly used indicators of usage of and exposure to urban green spaces |
维度 | 具体操作 | 优缺点(√优点,×缺点) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
覆盖范围广 | 实时性强 | 节省时间人力成本 | 操作难度低 | 反映实际接触情况 | 反映居民的主观感受 | ||
绿地覆盖率 | 遥感影像数据 | √ | √ | √ | √ | × | × |
土地利用数据 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | |
城市内公园分布数据 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | |
绿地可达性 | 缓冲区法 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × |
最近距离法 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | |
引力模型法 | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | |
等值线法 | √ | × | √ | √ | × | × | |
移动搜索法 | √ | × | √ | × | × | × | |
绿视率 | RGB色差法 | √ | × | √ | √ | √ | × |
机器学习图像分割 | √ | × | √ | × | √ | × | |
绿地质量和 满意度 | 问卷调查 | × | × | × | √ | √ | √ |
环境审计 | × | × | × | √ | √ | × | |
社交媒体用户评价 | √ | √ | √ | × | √ | √ |
1 中国网. http://www.china.com.cn/txt/2018-05/02/content_51084474.htm,2018-05-02.
刘 晔:概念构思、论文写作、组织讨论、基金支持;
何嘉锐、王若宇:论文写作;
李志刚:概念构思、组织讨论。
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