高新技术产业开发区创新生态系统韧性的内涵及测度——以湖南省为例
唐承丽(1964—),女,湖南浏阳人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为区域经济与开发区发展,(E-mail)tclxy68@163.com。 |
收稿日期: 2022-10-15
修回日期: 2023-03-08
网络出版日期: 2023-10-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“开发区韧性的测度及形成机制”(42171183)
The Connotation and Measurement of the Resilience of Innovation Ecosystem in High-Tech Industrial Development Zones: A Case Study of Hunan Province
Received date: 2022-10-15
Revised date: 2023-03-08
Online published: 2023-10-11
高新区创新生态系统作为一个动态、开放的复杂系统,在发展过程中会遇到各种风险,如何有效应对外部冲击与扰动,保持系统稳定性、可持续性,成为高新区发展面临的现实问题。文章引入韧性理念,探讨了高新区创新生态系统韧性的内涵、特征,运用适应性循环理论分析其演化过程,从抵抗力、吸收力、恢复力和转型力4个维度构建其测度指标体系。并运用TOPSIS方法,以湖南省46家高新区为研究对象,对其创新生态系统韧性水平、时空格局特征进行了实证分析。研究发现:1)高新区创新生态系统韧性是系统受到扰动后,维持原有特性、原有功能和进一步成长的能力,具有复杂性、动态演化性、尺度关联性和可调节性等特征。2)高新区创新生态系统韧性在内外部环境的作用下不断演化,呈现出开发、存储、释放、更新4个阶段,并与所在城市、区域以及内部企业共同作用,构成多尺度嵌套的自适应循环。3)2012―2020年湖南省高新区创新生态系统韧性水平不断提升,应对扰动的能力持续增强,但整体水平仍然不高,从各维度指标看,转型力增长幅度最为明显,其次是吸收力和抵抗力,恢复力增长幅度最小,成为系统整体韧性提升的短板;空间格局上,呈现明显的空间分异现象,韧性较高的高新区集聚在长株潭城市群地区以及岳阳、郴州、常德等城市,较低的分布在湘西地区,近年来,空间分异程度逐渐缩小。
唐承丽 , 宋关东 , 周国华 , 贺艳华 . 高新技术产业开发区创新生态系统韧性的内涵及测度——以湖南省为例[J]. 热带地理, 2023 , 43(10) : 1903 -1916 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003760
At present, the economy of China is in a new stage, shifting from high-speed growth to high-quality development. Accordingly, high-tech industrial development zones (hereinafter referred to as "high-tech zones") have developed as clusters of innovative resources, high-tech enterprises, and industries. These high-tech zones serve as demonstration zones for national and regional innovation development. Building a resilient innovation ecosystem in high-tech zones and enhancing their ability to cope and adapt to an uncertain environment are important for promoting the high-quality development of these zones as well as the regional economy. There are few academic studies on the resilience of innovation ecosystems in high-tech zones. Incorporating the concept of resilience and enhancing the ability of innovation ecosystems in high-tech zones to cope with risk is a topic worthy of attention in academic research. Here we introduce the concept of resilience, explore the connotation and characteristics of the resilience of the innovation ecosystem in the high-tech zone, analyze its evolution process by applying adaptive cycle theory, and construct a measurement index system in four dimensions: resistance, absorption, recovery, and transformation power. From this perspective, resilience is considered the ability of the zone to maintain and restore its original characteristics and functions and also to continue to grow after the system has been disturbed. The zone characteristics considered are complexity, dynamic evolution, scale correlation, and regulation, as evident through four evolutionary stages: exploitation, storage, release, and renewal. Using the TOPSIS method, 46 high-tech zones in Hunan Province were selected as research objects, and their innovation ecosystem resilience levels and spatiotemporal pattern characteristics were analyzed. It was found that the innovation ecosystem resilience level of the Hunan high-tech zone increased from 0.316 in 2012 to 0.604 in 2020, showing an overall upward trend in resilience. In terms of the increase in the level of resilience in each dimension, the most significant increase was that of transformation power, followed by absorption and resistance powers. The smallest increase was that of recovery power. The spatial pattern showed obvious divergence, with the more resilient high-tech zones clustered in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and the less resilient zones distributed in the western Hunan region. Over time, the degree of spatial differentiation gradually shrank, forming the characteristics of a highly resilient agglomeration, with the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration as the core, and Yueyang, Chenzhou, Changde, and other multi-centers coexisting. In this study the innovation ecosystem of high-tech zones was examined from the perspective of dynamic development; the results are expected to broaden the concept of urban development resilience in theory and promote the high-quality development of high-tech zones in practice.
表1 高新区创新生态系统韧性水平测度指标体系Table 1 Indicator system for measuring the resilience level of innovation ecosystem in high-tech zones |
维度 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 指标解释 |
---|---|---|---|
抵 抗 力 | 系统规模(B1) | 高新区利润总额(C1)/万元 | 表征系统的盈利能力,利润总额越大,对创新活动的支持力度越大。 |
高新区所有企业数量(C2)/个 | 企业数量越多,组织网络越复杂,抵抗力越强。 | ||
系统结构(B2) | 高新技术企业从业人员占总从业人员比例(C3)/% | 体现人才创新资源的拥有量。 | |
高新技术企业占高新区所有企业比例(C4)/% | 体现市场主体中高新技术企业数量。 | ||
吸 收 力 | 主体多样性 (B3) | 人才多样性指数(C5) | 人才多样性是创新主体间进行合作的前提,能提升系统创新成功率。企业多样性指数越高,创新的功能越完善,组织结构越紧密,越能吸收不利干扰。 |
企业多样性指数(C6) | |||
资源流动性 (B4) | 协同创新指数(C7) | 创新要素之间发生高频率的互动和响应,使得冗余要素能快速补充缺口,从而保障系统在较短时间内完成调整恢复。 | |
高新区内外部联系水平(C8) | |||
恢 复 力 | 发展效率及 质量(B5) | 全员劳动生产率(C9)/(万元·人-1) | 反映系统发展效率与质量,效率越好、质量越高,其恢复状况越好。 |
单位面积税收产出(C10)(万元/hm2) | |||
资源支撑(B6) | R&D经费内部支出总额(C11)/% | 反映支持创新活动工作的资金投入力度。 | |
R&D人员数量(C12)/人 | 反映创新人才对创新生态系统的支撑。 | ||
转 型 力 | 发展活力(B7) | 当年高新区新增企业数量的增长率(C13)/% | 新增企业数越多,系统的创新活动就越多,系统的成长、升级就越有可能。 |
专利授权数增长率(C14)/% | 表征系统的创新成果发展活跃度。 | ||
创新环境(B8) | 省级以上创新平台数量(C15)/个 | 反映创新平台支撑能力。 | |
园区可更新利用空间(C16)/hm2 | 反映创新活动所需要的空间载体。 |
表2 2012、2020年湖南省各高新区创新生态系统韧性水平及排名Table 2 Innovation ecosystem resilience level and ranking of high-tech zones in Hunan Province in 2012 and 2020 |
序号 | 高新区名称 | 所在 市(州) | 韧性水平及排名 | 序号 | 高新区名称 | 所在 市(州) | 韧性水平及排名 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012年 | 2020年 | 2012年 | 2020年 | ||||||
1 | 长沙高新区 | 长沙市 | 0.667(1) | 0.918(1) | 24 | 汨罗高新区 | 岳阳市 | 0.304(18) | 0.609(24) |
2 | 株洲高新区 | 株洲市 | 0.634(2) | 0.898(2) | 25 | 岳阳临港高新区 | 岳阳市 | 0.222(31) | 0.604(25) |
3 | 衡阳高新区 | 衡阳市 | 0.506(10) | 0.796(3) | 26 | 江华高新区 | 永州市 | 0.230(29) | 0.594(26) |
4 | 湘潭高新区 | 湘潭市 | 0.574(4) | 0.789(4) | 27 | 湖南双峰高新区 | 娄底市 | 0.198(39) | 0.586(27) |
5 | 宁乡高新区 | 长沙市 | 0.519(8) | 0.764(5) | 28 | 岳阳绿色化工高新区 | 岳阳市 | 0.248(26) | 0.573(28) |
6 | 益阳高新区 | 益阳市 | 0.561(5) | 0.749(6) | 29 | 衡山高新区 | 衡阳市 | 0.204(38) | 0.568(29) |
7 | 常德高新区 | 常德市 | 0.522(7) | 0.734(7) | 30 | 道县高新区 | 永州市 | 0.162(43) | 0.561(30) |
8 | 浏阳高新区 | 长沙市 | 0.518(9) | 0.727(8) | 31 | 湖南澧县高新区 | 常德市 | 0.227(30) | 0.557(31) |
9 | 攸县高新区 | 株洲市 | 0.365(13) | 0.713(9) | 32 | 湖南桂阳高新区 | 郴州市 | 0.289(19) | 0.521(32) |
10 | 郴州高新区 | 郴州市 | 0.550(6) | 0.707(10) | 33 | 湖南石门高新区 | 常德市 | 0.211(35) | 0.519(33) |
11 | 岳麓高新区 | 长沙市 | 0.626(3) | 0.701(11) | 34 | 湖南汉寿高新区 | 常德市 | 0.261(23) | 0.508(34) |
12 | 怀化高新区 | 怀化市 | 0.414(11) | 0.692(12) | 35 | 桃源高新区 | 常德市 | 0.274(21) | 0.501(35) |
13 | 韶山高新区 | 湘潭市 | 0.329(14) | 0.687(13) | 36 | 邵阳县高新区 | 邵阳市 | 0.260(24) | 0.493(36) |
14 | 华容高新区 | 岳阳市 | 0.264(22) | 0.683(14) | 37 | 临澧高新区 | 常德市 | 0.221(32) | 0.488(37) |
15 | 炎陵高新区 | 株洲市 | 0.310(17) | 0.678(15) | 38 | 隆回高新区 | 邵阳市 | 0.386(12) | 0.465(38) |
16 | 湖南沅江高新区 | 益阳市 | 0.327(15) | 0.672(16) | 39 | 祁阳高新区 | 永州市 | 0.197(40) | 0.446(39) |
17 | 湖南衡阳西渡高新区 | 衡阳市 | 0.248(27) | 0.655(17) | 40 | 津市高新区 | 常德市 | 0.278(20) | 0.432(40) |
18 | 湘阴高新区 | 岳阳市 | 0.135(45) | 0.649(18) | 41 | 新化高新区 | 娄底市 | 0.205(37) | 0.421(41) |
19 | 雨湖高新区 | 湘潭市 | 0.240(28) | 0.638(19) | 42 | 湘西高新区 | 湘西州 | 0.104(46) | 0.411(42) |
20 | 岳阳高新区 | 岳阳市 | 0.320(16) | 0.631(20) | 43 | 湖南宁远高新区 | 永州市 | 0.216(34) | 0.407(43) |
21 | 平江高新区 | 岳阳市 | 0.207(36) | 0.628(21) | 44 | 张家界高新区 | 张家界 | 0.193(42) | 0.401(44) |
22 | 临湘高新区 | 岳阳市 | 0.220(33) | 0.624(22) | 45 | 洪江高新区 | 怀化市 | 0.194(41) | 0.382(45) |
23 | 娄底高新区 | 娄底市 | 0.252(25) | 0.616(23) | 46 | 泸溪高新区 | 湘西州 | 0.147(44) | 0.374(46) |
1 http://kjt.hunan.gov.cn/
2 http://cyyq.hunan.gov.cn:9000/
3 https://www.qcc.com
唐承丽:负责文章选题、研究思路与方案设计、理论框架构建,论文撰写与修改,提供科研资金支持;
宋关东:明确研究思路,数据整理、处理与分析,论文修改与完善;
周国华:完善框架结构及内容体系;
贺艳华:完善研究框架。
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