21世纪以来国内外人才流动研究进展与比较分析
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林赛南(1987—),女,浙江永嘉人,副教授,博士生导师,博士,主要研究方向为城市地理、人口流动与城镇化,(E-mail)sainan.lin@whu.edu.cn。 |
收稿日期: 2024-07-19
修回日期: 2024-12-24
网络出版日期: 2025-03-05
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42171205)
Research Progress and Comparative Analysis of Skilled Migration at Home and Abroad during the 21st Century
Received date: 2024-07-19
Revised date: 2024-12-24
Online published: 2025-03-05
文章利用定量与定性分析相结合的方法,对2000—2024年相关领域有关人才流动的中英文文献进行回顾,归纳国内外人才流动的研究热点,比较相关研究进展。结果表明:1)研究热点方面,国内侧重于不同类型人才的空间分布、城市因素对人才流动的影响及人才与城市创新的互动,而国外更聚焦于全球化背景下高技能移民的流动决策及其在流入国的社会适应;2)理论上,国内外均围绕劳动力迁移理论,从宏观区域与微观个人视角探讨人才迁移机制,并在此基础上拓展了舒适物、创意阶层等理论框架;3)研究进展上,国外逐渐凸显迁移者生命历程及社会文化微观机制对人才流动的影响,方法上趋向定量与质性相结合,而国内主要聚焦于人才流动空间格局及宏观城市因素的影响,以定量分析为主。未来中国人才流动研究应加强微观机制探讨,构建本土理论框架,推动质性与定量研究结合,并利用大数据和新技术突破数据获取的限制。
林赛南 , 彭馨雨 . 21世纪以来国内外人才流动研究进展与比较分析[J]. 热带地理, 2025 , 45(2) : 169 -182 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240479
Skilled migration is a pivotal phenomenon underpinning globalization that has attracted widespread scholarly interest; a nuanced understanding of the patterns and mechanisms of skilled migration is considered essential for fostering coordinated regional development and enhancing labor market allocation. To compare the domestic and international talent mobility research in the 21st century and advance China's talent mobility theory, In this paper, we reviewed Chinese and English literature from fields such as geography, urban planning, demography, economics, and management since 2000 via quantitative and qualitative analysis. Initially, we conducted bibliometric and keyword co-occurrence analyses using CiteSpace to identify research hotspots and trends; subsequently, we performed Qualitative Data Analysis Miner qualitative analysis as a supplementary approach to derive in-depth insights and determine connections between literature sources. Herein, we summarize the research hotspots regarding skilled migration, domestically and internationally. We found that concerning research hotpots, domestic research emphasizes the spatial distribution of different types of talent, the impact of urban factors on skilled migration, and the interplay between talent and urban innovation. In contrast, international research emphasizes more on the mobility decisions of highly skilled migrants within a globalization context, focusing on the impact of international high-skilled migration on the destination and origin countries, the micro-level mechanisms of migration decision-making (such as family dynamics, gender roles, and early career stages), and social adaptation in destination countries (including identity, sense of belonging, and related factors). Theoretically, both domestic and international studies are based on labor migration theory, examining skilled migration mechanisms from macro-regional and micro-individual perspectives, and expanding theoretical frameworks to include amenities and the creative class. However, owing to differences in social, economic, institutional, and developmental contexts among countries, these theories are not entirely applicable in practice, particularly regarding their explanatory power in the Chinese context, which requires further examination. Furthermore, in terms of research progress, we found that international studies are increasingly highlighting the life course of migrants and the socio-cultural micro-mechanisms influencing skilled migration, emphasizing the adoption of a combination of quantitative and qualitative analytical methods. Conversely, domestic research predominantly focuses on the spatial patterns of skilled migration and the effects of macro-urban factors, relying on quantitative analyses. Future research in China should aim to examine micro-mechanisms, develop indigenous theoretical frameworks to foster theoretical innovation, and enhance the integration of qualitative and quantitative methods. Moreover, exploiting the potential of big data and emerging technologies could contribute towards overcoming limitations associated with data acquisition. On the basis of our survey of current theories and methods, we propose the following four directions for future research: (1) strengthening investigations into the micro-mechanisms of skilled migration; (2) developing indigenous theoretical frameworks to support theoretical innovation in China; (3) promoting the integration of qualitative and quantitative research methods; and (4) enhancing data acquisition and exploiting big data and advanced technologies to overcome the current limitations associated with acquiring data.
表1 国内外人才流动研究高频词统计Table 1 High-frequency words in domestic and international studies |
| 序号 | 国内地区研究高频词 | 频数/次 | TF·IDF | 国外地区研究高频词 | 频数/次 | TF·IDF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 科技 | 208 | 148.42 | Labour market(劳动力市场) | 115 | 63.61 |
| 2 | 人力资本 | 86 | 76.90 | Human capital(人力资本) | 75 | 43.40 |
| 3 | 高学历 | 147 | 76.72 | Skilled migrants(技术移民) | 79 | 40.75 |
| 4 | 城市创新 | 44 | 58.10 | Host country(东道国) | 34 | 36.60 |
| 5 | 创意阶层 | 65 | 56.50 | Brain drain(人才流失) | 33 | 41.74 |
| 6 | 经济发展 | 53 | 50.26 | Social networks(社会网络) | 32 | 39.40 |
| 7 | 影响因素 | 47 | 49.53 | International students(国际学生) | 28 | 28.47 |
| 8 | 人才政策 | 44 | 49.30 | Migrant workers(移民工人) | 22 | 32.47 |
| 9 | 空间分布 | 41 | 47.90 | Career development(职业发展) | 21 | 23.82 |
| 10 | 房价 | 57 | 43.52 | Middle class(中产阶级) | 15 | 23.20 |
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表2 基于WordStat的国内外人才流动研究主题共现Table 2 Domestic and international studies' clusters based on WordStat |
| 国内分类 | 文献数量/篇 | 国内地区 研究主题 | 文章 占比/% | 特征值 | NPMI | 国外分类 | 文献数 量/篇 | 国外地区研究主题 | 文章 占比/% | 特征值 | NPMI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 不同类型 人才 | 17 | 高学历 | 71.70 | 3.44 | 0.43 | 全球化背景下的 人才流动趋势 | 11 | Global cities(全球城市) | 21.40 | 3.07 | 0.39 |
| 16 | 毕业生 | 25.50 | 3.29 | 0.37 | 18 | Return migrants(回流移民) | 29.80 | 2.47 | 0.40 | ||
| 45 | 科技 | 58.60 | 2.97 | 0.30 | 流入国与 流出国 | 33 | Labour market(劳动力市场) | 28.60 | 2.85 | 0.26 | |
| 10 | 创意人才 | 19.90 | 2.81 | 0.33 | 10 | Brian drain(人才流失) | 39.10 | 2.63 | 0.34 | ||
| 人才流动 空间特征 | 30 | 空间结构 | 26.70 | 4.64 | 0.29 | 11 | Human resource management (人力资源管理) | 20.60 | 3.31 | 0.34 | |
| 人才流动与宏观城市 因素 | 68 | 经济发展 | 73.30 | 3.67 | 0.41 | 微观机制 | 43 | Semi structured depth interviews (半结构化深度访谈) | 24.80 | 3.47 | 0.47 |
| 26 | 城市规模和 公共服务 | 52.90 | 4.05 | 0.43 | 33 | Family and gender(家庭和性别) | 23.50 | 3.81 | 0.55 | ||
| 11 | 房价 | 30.70 | 3.06 | 0.44 | 9 | Early career stage(早期职业生涯) | 23.90 | 2.69 | 0.44 | ||
| 人才流动与区域创新 | 24 | 创新和溢出 效应 | 52.40 | 3.23 | 0.42 | 社会适应 | 13 | Sense of belonging(归属感) | 18.90 | 2.43 | 0.32 |
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林赛南:研究设计,论文撰写、修改与校对;
彭馨雨:数据收集与分析,论文撰写、修改与校对。
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