自然保护地建设中的社区发展与野生动物保护
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尹铎(1990—),男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为保护地社会-自然交互,(E-mail)yinduo@gzhu.edu.cn。 |
收稿日期: 2025-09-12
修回日期: 2025-10-22
网络出版日期: 2025-11-03
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42371227)
国家自然科学基金项目(42571295)
广东省自然科学基金—青年提升项目(2024A1515030059)
Community Development and Wildlife Conservation in the Establishment of Protected Areas
Received date: 2025-09-12
Revised date: 2025-10-22
Online published: 2025-11-03
全球生物多样性治理与中国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设正深入推进,野生动物保护与社区发展的协同关系成为实现绿色发展及人与自然和谐共生的核心议题。然而,保护政策的严格实施与社区发展诉求之间呈现出显著张力。野生动物种群恢复引发的人兽冲突加剧,而社区对共同富裕的追求亦可能对栖息地造成干扰,导致保护与利用的矛盾日益凸显。为回应这一现实困境,汇聚了地理学、管理学、风景园林学、人类学等多学科学者,从自然解决方案、超越人类视角、空间正义、多物种伦理等理论维度,系统剖析自然保护地内人兽冲突的成因、互动机制与治理路径。通过山西华北豹、祁连山荒漠猫、广西北海布氏鲸、亚洲象国家公园、朱鹮保护等典型案例,揭示了从传统生计冲突到新兴业态调适的渐进式空间互动谱系,并指出当前治理中存在的权利失衡、补偿机制错配与参与不足等结构性困境。保护地治理应从“单一物种保护”转向“社会-生态系统治理”,通过构建差异化协调机制、创新生态补偿与社区共管模式、融入科技赋能与地方性知识,在空间正义与多物种共生的框架下探索协同路径,为中国自然保护地体系的高质量建设与乡村绿色转型提供理论支撑与实践启示。
尹铎 , 祁新华 , 唐雪琼 , 林敏慧 , 王学基 , 才让本 , 丛丽 , 崔庆明 , 俞方圆 , 曹婧 . 自然保护地建设中的社区发展与野生动物保护[J]. 热带地理, 2025 , 45(10) : 1720 -1741 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20251500
Global biodiversity governance and China's development of a national park-centered protected area system are advancing rapidly. The synergy between wildlife conservation and community development has emerged as a central issue for achieving green development and harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. However, a considerable tension exists between strict conservation policies and community aspirations for development. The recovery of wildlife populations intensifies human-wildlife conflict, while community pursuits of common prosperity can disturb habitats, making the contradiction between protection and utilization increasingly acute. To address this challenge, this forum brings together scholars from geography, management, landscape architecture, and anthropology. They employ diverse theoretical perspectives, including nature-based solutions, more-than-human approaches, spatial justice, and multispecies ethics, to analyze the causes, interactive mechanisms, and governance pathways for human-wildlife conflicts within protected areas systematically. Drawing on case studies such as the North Chinese leopard in Shanxi, desert cat in the Qilian Mountains, Bryde's whales in Beihai, Asian Elephant National Park, and crested ibis conservation, the discussion reveals a progressive spatial interaction spectrum ranging from traditional livelihood conflicts to challenges in adapting new business formats. It also identifies structural governance dilemmas including power imbalances, mismatched compensation mechanisms, and insufficient participation. This forum advocates for a shift in protected area governance from a single-species conservation model toward a social-ecological system governance approach. It proposes building differentiated coordination mechanisms, innovating ecological compensation and community co-management models, and integrating technological empowerment with local knowledge. By exploring collaborative pathways within a framework of spatial justice and multispecies coexistence, this discussion aims to provide theoretical support and practical insights for the high-quality construction of China's protected area system and the green transformation of its rural areas.
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