土地财政能否支撑城市绿色空间提升?——基于环境治理的调节效应分析
王 洁:论文选题,数据分析,论文撰写与修改,项目支持;
张玉臻:数据整理与分析,论文撰写与修改,项目支持;
罗嘉豪:文献整理,数据整理;
宋孟桥:研究方案设计,理论分析,论文撰写与修改。
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王洁 (1993—),女,天津人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为城市资源环境管理、土地利用管理,(E-mail) jie.wang@cugb. |
收稿日期: 2024-12-16
修回日期: 2025-05-23
网络出版日期: 2025-11-06
基金资助
中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2-9-2023-070)
建设用地节约集约利用状况调查与评价(2503-18-20)
Can Land Finance Support the Improvement of Urban Green Space: Based on Moderating Effect of Environmental Governance
Received date: 2024-12-16
Revised date: 2025-05-23
Online published: 2025-11-06
在土地财政模式转型与生态文明建设的双重背景下,突破城市发展对土地财政的依赖、建构城市财政稳健与绿色空间提升协同共进的替代性治理框架,成为推动城市高质量可持续发展的关键路径。文章基于中国273个地级市2007—2019年面板数据,运用固定效应模型、调节效应模型、空间杜宾模型,分析土地财政对城市绿色空间覆盖水平的影响效应,并揭示环境治理对土地财政绿色效应的调节效应。结果表明:1)土地财政与城市绿色空间呈现倒“U”型关系,且整体表现为负向影响,印证了土地财政与绿色发展的冲突关系;2)地方政府环境治理强度在土地财政对城市绿色空间的影响中具有显著的正向调节作用,随着环境治理的加强,土地财政对城市绿色空间的影响由负向转为正向;3)城市绿色空间覆盖水平呈空间集聚特征,土地财政对城市绿色空间的覆盖水平具有负向的空间溢出效应,同时环境治理的调节效应具有正向的空间溢出效应。最后,从财政资源优化配置视角,为推动城市绿色发展提出了政策建议。
王洁 , 张玉臻 , 罗嘉豪 , 宋孟桥 . 土地财政能否支撑城市绿色空间提升?——基于环境治理的调节效应分析[J]. 热带地理, 2025 , 45(10) : 1742 -1756 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240822
To enhance ecological civilization, establishing a governance framework that reconciles the principles of financial sustainability with those of urban green development has been identified as an effective pathway for urban sustainability. Land finance constitutes a distinctive government revenue model in China, providing crucial support for accelerated urbanization and urban construction. Without alternative large-scale revenue sources for local governments, land finance continues to be an important source of off-budget revenue. Therefore, optimizing the use of land finance and leveraging its positive impact on sustainable urban development are crucial. The positive role of land finance in promoting urban green development is an effective means of advancing ecological civilization construction and high-quality urban development. Urban green spaces are pivotal elements of the urban ecological environment. Investigating the influence of land finance on urban green spaces is an important research area. This study employed panel data from 273 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019 to systematically assess the impact of land finance on urban green spaces by utilizing the fixed effects and spatial Durbin models. Furthermore, it assessed the moderating effect of environmental governance in promoting land finance to support the improvement of urban green spaces based on the moderation effect model. The findings indicate that the impact of land finance on urban green space exhibits an inverted U-shaped pattern with a negative overall effect. However, the positive impact of land finance on urban green spaces is limited. Local governments' environmental governance exerted a significant positive moderating effect on the impact of land finance on urban green spaces. As environmental governance strengthens, the impact of land finance on urban green space shifts from negative to positive. This suggests that land finance can promote improvements in urban green spaces through high-level environmental governance. The coverage level of urban green spaces displayed spatial agglomeration characteristics, and land finance had a negative spatial spillover effect on urban green spaces. In addition, the moderating effect of environmental governance presented a positive spatial spillover effect. Consequently, the impacts of land finance and environmental governance on urban green spaces in economically and geographically adjacent cities must be considered. Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of land finance on urban greenspaces is more pronounced in cities located in the central and western regions. This study makes a significant contribution to the discussion on whether land finance can support the improvement of urban green spaces and how to promote the positive role of land finance in urban green development, and the positive role of environmental governance in facilitating the supportive role of land finance in promoting urban green development. This paper proposes policy suggestions on how to use land finance to enhance urban green spaces and provides new ideas for sustainable and green urban development.
表 1 变量描述性统计Table 1 Descriptive statistics of research data |
| 变量 | 变量定义 | 样本量/个 | 平均值 | 标准差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NDVImean | 城市建成区范围 NDVI平均值 | 3 549 | 0.49 | 0.07 |
| LAND | 土地财政收入/万元 | 3 549 | 685 195.6 | 1 471 427 |
| ENVGOV | 环境治理强度 | 3 328 | 3.48 | 2.56 |
| POP | 建成区人口密度/(人·km-2) | 3 549 | 3 710.30 | 1 502.13 |
| PGDP | 人均GDP/元 | 3 549 | 31682 | 20 374.06 |
| IS | 第二产业 产值占比/% | 3 549 | 47.44 | 10.59 |
| PINVEST | 人均固定资产 投资/元 | 3 549 | 2 486.22 | 2 839.44 |
| ROADDENS | 道路密度/ (万m2·km-2) | 3 549 | 13.67 | 7.10 |
| TEMP | 气温/℃ | 3 549 | 14.66 | 5.12 |
| AP | 降水/mm | 3 549 | 1 031.08 | 460.14 |
表 2 土地财政对城市绿色空间影响的基准回归结果Table 2 The baseline regression results of the impact of land income on urban green space |
| 变量 | NDVI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | |
| lnLAND | -0.006 0*** (0.000 9) | 0.010 4* (0.006 0) | -0.003 2*** (0.000 9) | 0.015 9*** (0.004 7) |
| lnLAND2 | -0.000 7***(0.000 3) | -0.000 8***(0.000 2) | ||
| lnPOP | 0.043 5***(0.014 8) | 0.051 2***(0.014 5) | ||
| lnPGDP | -0.036 1***(0.005 3) | -0.034 2***(0.005 2) | ||
| IS | -0.000 2(0.000 2) | -0.000 2(0.000 2) | ||
| lnPINVEST | -0.001 8*(0.001 1) | -0.002 3**(0.001 0) | ||
| ROADDENS | 0.000 03(0.000 1) | 0.000 04(0.000 1) | ||
| lnTEMP | 0.007 6 (0.008 5) | 0.008 2(0.008 5) | ||
| lnAP | 0.048 5***(0.004 2) | 0.048 4***(0.004 1) | ||
| 常数项 | 0.571 2*** (0.010 2) | 0.477 9*** (0.034 8) | 0.211 9 (0.143 8) | 0.027 0 (0.147 0) |
| 个体固定 效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 时间固定 效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 城市数量/个 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 |
| 样本量/个 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 549 |
| 豪斯曼检验 | 6.16** | 9.57*** | 67.61*** | 75.75*** |
| F检验 | 35.46*** | 33.44*** | 35.30*** | 33.48*** |
| R 2 | 0.129 8 | 0.133 9 | 0.221 6 | 0.226 9 |
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表3 2SLS模型估计结果Table 3 The regression results of 2SLS model |
| 变量 | 第一阶段 | 第二阶段 |
|---|---|---|
| L.lnLAND | 0.330 4***(0.026 7) | |
| lnLAND | -0.013 4***(0.002 3) | |
| 控制变量 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 时间固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 个体固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 |
| F统计量 | 153.63 *** | 44.65*** |
| 不可识别检验 (K-P rk LM statistic) | 185.92 | |
| 弱工具变量检验 (C-D Wald F statistic) | 413.61 | |
| 样本量/个 | 3276 | 3276 |
| R 2 | 0.5939 | 0.1672 |
表 4 稳健性检验回归结果Table 4 The regression results of robustness test |
| 变量 | NDVImedian | NDVI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型(5) | 模型(6) | 模型(7) | 模型(8) | 模型(9) | 模型(10) | 模型(11) | 模型(12) | ||
| lnLAND | -0.003 9***(0.001 1) | 0.018 1***(0.005 8) | -0.003 5***(0.000 9) | 0.015 0***(0.005 7) | |||||
| lnLAND2 | -0.000 9***(0.000 2) | -0.000 8***(0.000 2) | |||||||
| lnPLAND | -0.003 2***(0.000 9) | 0.004 9 (0.003 1) | |||||||
| lnPLAND2 | -0.000 7***(0.000 2) | ||||||||
| L.lnLAND | -0.004 5*** (0.000 8) | ||||||||
| L2.lnLAND | -0.003 6***(0.000 9) | ||||||||
| 控制变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | |
| 个体固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | |
| 时间固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | |
| 城市数量/个 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 | |
| 样本量/个 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 276 | 3 003 | |
| F检验 | 32.71*** | 31.28*** | 35.29*** | 33.45*** | 34.37*** | 32.65*** | 34.41*** | 34.50*** | |
| R 2 | 0.223 4 | 0.228 2 | 0.221 4 | 0.223 7 | 0.220 7 | 0.224 7 | 0.209 4 | 0.204 6 | |
表 5 调节效应分析回归结果Table 5 Regression results of moderating effect |
| 变量 | 模型(13) |
|---|---|
| NDVI | |
| lnLAND | -0.005 2***(0.001 0) |
| ENVGOV | -0.006 2***(0.001 1) |
| lnLAND*ENVGOV | 0.000 5***(0.000 1) |
| 控制变量 | 控制 |
| 个体固定效应 | 控制 |
| 时间固定效应 | 控制 |
| 城市数量(个) | 273 |
| 样本量(个) | 3 549 |
| F检验 | 30.02*** |
| R 2 | 0.222 1 |
表 6 城市绿色空间覆盖水平全局空间自相关Moran's ITable 6 The global spatial autocorrelation Moran's I of urban green space |
| 年份 | NDVI | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Moran's I | Z值 | P值 | |
| 2007 | 0.516 | 24.17 | 0.001 |
| 2008 | 0.552 | 26.47 | 0.001 |
| 2009 | 0.514 | 24.25 | 0.001 |
| 2010 | 0.454 | 21.90 | 0.001 |
| 2011 | 0.545 | 26.22 | 0.001 |
| 2012 | 0.478 | 22.65 | 0.001 |
| 2013 | 0.525 | 25.47 | 0.001 |
| 2014 | 0.520 | 25.10 | 0.001 |
| 2015 | 0.549 | 26.79 | 0.001 |
| 2016 | 0.498 | 24.10 | 0.001 |
| 2017 | 0.507 | 24.67 | 0.001 |
| 2018 | 0.470 | 22.39 | 0.001 |
| 2019 | 0.513 | 25.18 | 0.001 |
表 7 空间杜宾模型回归结果Table 7 Regression results of SDM model |
| 变量 | NDVI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型(14) | 模型(15) | 模型(16) | 模型(17) | |
| 反经济距离 空间权重 矩阵 | 地理空间 邻接权重 矩阵 | 反经济距离 空间权重 矩阵 | 地理空间 邻接权重 矩阵 | |
| lnLAND | -0.001 8*** (0.000 6) | -0.001 4** (0.000 6) | -0.002 9*** (0.000 8) | -0.002 6*** (0.000 7) |
| ENVGOV | -0.002 9** (0.001 2) | -0.004 2*** (0.001 1) | ||
| lnLAND*ENVGOV | 0.000 3** (0.000 1) | 0.000 3*** (0.000 1) | ||
| W ×NDVI | 0.440 3*** (0.017 8) | 0.544 3*** (0.015 9) | 0.433 7*** (0.017 9) | 0.541 7*** (0.016 0) |
| W ×lnLAND | -0.002 0* (0.001 1) | -0.001 9* (0.001 0) | -0.003 5*** (0.001 3) | -0.002 4* (0.001 2) |
| W ×ENVGOV | -0.006 0*** (0.002 3) | -0.001 5 (0.001 9) | ||
| W ×(lnLAND* ENVGOV) | 0.000 4** (0.000 2) | 0.000 2 (0.000 2) | ||
| 控制变量 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 个体固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 时间固定效应 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 | 控制 |
| 城市数量/个 | 273 | 273 | 273 | 273 |
| 样本量/个 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 549 | 3 549 |
表 8 空间杜宾模型的效应分解Table 8 Decomposition results of spatial effect of the SDM model |
| 变量 | 基准模型 | 调节效应模型 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总效应 | 直接效应 | 间接效应 | 总效应 | 直接效应 | 间接效应 | ||
| lnLAND | -0.006 7***(0.002 2) | -0.002 2***(0.000 7) | -0.004 5**(0.001 9) | -0.011 3***(0.002 5) | -0.003 5***(0.000 8) | -0.007 9***(0.002 1) | |
| ENVGOV | -0.015 7***(0.003 9) | -0.003 9***(0.001 2) | -0.011 8***(0.003 6) | ||||
| lnLAND*ENVGOV | 0.001 2***(0.000 4) | 0.000 3***(0.000 1) | 0.000 9**(0.000 3) | ||||
表 9 分组空间杜宾模型的效应分解Table 9 Decomposition results of spatial effect of the SDM model in sub-groups |
| 效应分解 | 变量 | 时间阶段分组 | 地理区域分组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007—2013年 | 2014—2019年 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 东北 | ||
| 总效应 | lnLAND | -0.003 (0.004) | -0.006 (0.004) | -0.002 (0.005) | -0.027*** (0.007) | -0.007** (0.003) | 0.001 (0.006) |
| ENVGOV | -0.013** (0.006) | 0.000 1 (0.009) | -0.000 4 (0.010) | -0.070*** (0.015) | -0.010* (0.006) | -0.012* (0.007) | |
| lnLAND*ENVGOV | 0.001** (0.000 5) | 0.000 2 (0.001) | 0.000 1 (0.000 8) | 0.006*** (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001* (0.001) | |
| 直接效应 | lnLAND | -0.001 (0.001) | -0.003** (0.001) | -0.002* (0.001) | -0.007*** (0.002) | -0.004** (0.002) | 0.000 1 (0.002) |
| ENVGOV | -0.003* (0.001 5) | -0.005* (0.003) | -0.003 (0.003) | -0.012*** (0.004) | -0.005* (0.003) | -0.002 (0.002) | |
| lnLAND*ENVGOV | 0.002* (0.001 4) | 0.000 4* (0.000 2) | 0.000 3 (0.000 2) | 0.001*** (0.000 3) | 0.000 4* (0.000 25) | 0.000 2 (0.000 2) | |
| 间接效应 | lnLAND | -0.002 (0.003) | -0.002 (0.003) | 0.001 (0.004) | -0.019*** (0.006) | -0.003 (0.003) | 0.000 1 (0.005) |
| ENVGOV | -0.010** (0.005) | 0.005 (0.008) | 0.003 (0.009) | -0.058*** (0.013) | -0.005 (0.005) | -0.010 (0.007) | |
| lnLAND*ENVGOV | 0.001* (0.000 5) | -0.000 2 (0.001) | -0.000 2 (0.001) | 0.005*** (0.001) | 0.000 2 (0.000 5) | 0.001 (0.001) | |
1 https://hub.worldpop.org/
2 https://www.ceicdata.com/zh-hans
3 https://data.cma.cn/
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