日常生活情境下青少年自然接触的时空影响因素——基于南京市中学生的实证研究
|
时晓雨(2000—),女,江苏苏州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为日常亲自然实践与人类福祉关系,(E-mail)1466747442@qq.com; |
收稿日期: 2025-07-03
修回日期: 2025-09-11
网络出版日期: 2025-12-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42271230)
Spatiotemporal Influencing Factors of Adolescents' Nature Exposure in Daily Life: An Empirical Study of Middle School Students in Nanjing
Received date: 2025-07-03
Revised date: 2025-09-11
Online published: 2025-12-25
文章以南京市中学生为例,基于问卷调查数据和逐步回归分析法,分析日常生活的空间环境与时间利用对青少年放松与思考、场地活动和观察自然3种自然接触模式的影响,并引入时空交互项探究其复合效应。研究发现,青少年与自然接触的频率和时长总体不足;不同模式自然接触受到差异化因素的影响,放松与思考型自然接触受学校环境、感知环境和时间利用的影响较大;场地活动型自然接触受客观环境、时间利用和个体属性的综合影响;以观察自然为代表的有意接触比偶然接触更依赖个体差异,受空间限制较小;时空交互表明日常生活的绿色空间与弹性时间协同影响青少年自然接触。
时晓雨 , 张敏 . 日常生活情境下青少年自然接触的时空影响因素——基于南京市中学生的实证研究[J]. 热带地理, 2025 , 45(12) : 2182 -2196 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20250448
Growing scholarly attention has highlighted the role of nature exposure in enhancing adolescents' well-being. However, research on the factors influencing such exposure has predominantly focused on sociocultural dimensions. Relatively few studies have examined how the spatial features and time-use patterns of adolescents' daily lives constrain their access to nature in urban settings. Furthermore, how various factors differentially shape distinct types of nature exposure remains unclear. To investigate how the spatiotemporal factors of daily urban life influence different modes of adolescents' nature exposure, and thereby inform strategies for fostering deeper connections with nature, this study employed middle school students in Nanjing as a case study. Using questionnaire data and stepwise regression analysis, we analyzed the spatial and temporal determinants of three specific modes of nature exposure: (1) relaxation and contemplation, (2) site-based activities, and (3) nature observation. Spatiotemporal interaction terms were incorporated to capture the compounded effects of time and space. The major findings are as follows: (1) Adolescents generally exhibited insufficient frequency and duration of nature exposure. High-frequency exposure was dominated by relaxation and contemplation, whereas site-based activities slightly predominated in terms of total exposure duration. (2) Different modes of nature exposure were affected by different factors. Relaxation and contemplation were greatly affected by the school environment, perceived environment, and time use. School NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and safety perception exerted inhibitory effects, whereas perceived convenience, weekday sleep time, and commuting time promoted this type of exposure. (3) Site-based activities were jointly affected by the spatial environment, time use, and individual attributes. Proximity to school parks, learning pressure, and having private courtyards had significant negative effects, whereas proximity to community parks, weekday study time, weekday sleep time, average daily recreational time, age, maternal education, and preference for community parks had significant positive effects. (4) Compared with casual contact with nature, intentional contact, represented by nature observation, was more sensitive to individual differences such as time use and nature-related preferences, and less constrained by spatial factors. Comfort perception and weekday study time negatively affected nature observation, whereas community NDVI, weekday sleep time, rest-day study time, rest-day leisure time, having a balcony garden, time preferences, and community park preference had positive effects. (5) Spatiotemporal interactions revealed that the interaction between unstructured time and natural spaces was negatively correlated with adolescents' nature exposure. For instance, adolescents attending schools with high-quality greening were more likely to choose other leisure activities on their rest days, and the distance from parks influenced the likelihood of visiting nature during unstructured time. This analysis contributes to a nuanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying adolescents' nature exposure in high-density urban settings, offering theoretical insights into the temporal and spatial constraints shaping such experiences. Practically, this study provides empirical support for urban planning strategies aimed at optimizing the distribution of small-scale green spaces and improving adolescents' time allocation to facilitate everyday engagement with nature.
Key words: nature exposure; adolescents; built environment; perceived environment; time use; Nanjing
表1 变量说明Table 1 Description of the variable |
| 概念维度 | 变量名称 | 测量方式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 自然接触 | 放松与思考 | 统计过去一周总时长/h | |
| 场地活动 | |||
| 观察自然 | |||
| 空间环境 | 社区环境 | 人口密度 | 居住社区人口密度/(人·hm-2) |
| 土地利用混合度 | 土地利用类型的熵指数(IE ),公式为: , 式中:Si 指该片区范围内第i类土地面积占土地总面积的比例(%) | ||
| 路网连通度 | 居住社区内道路连通度 | ||
| 商业设施密度 | 居住社区内商业设施POI密度/(个·hm-2) | ||
| NDVI | 居住社区内NDVI均值,NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R) | ||
| 公园邻近性 | 居住社区离最近公园的距离/m | ||
| 学校环境 | 商业设施密度 | 学校半径500 m缓冲区内商业设施POI密度/(个·hm-2) | |
| NDVI | 学校半径500 m缓冲区内NDVI均值,NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R) | ||
| 公园邻近性 | 学校离最近公园的距离/m | ||
| 感知环境 | 绿色感知 | 李克特5级量表打分后计算各维度总和 | |
| 安全感知 | |||
| 便利感知 | |||
| 舒适感知 | |||
| 时间利用 | 固定性活动时长 | 工作日学习时长 | 统计每日平均时长/h |
| 工作日睡眠时长 | |||
| 休息日学习时长 | |||
| 休息日睡眠时长 | |||
| 通勤时长 | 上下学通勤时长总和/h | ||
| 弹性活动时长 | 工作日休闲时长 | 统计每日平均时长/h | |
| 休息日休闲时长 | |||
| 娱乐活动时长 | 统计过去一月各类娱乐活动日均活动时长/h | ||
| 个体属性 | 个人属性 | 性别 | 男=1,女=2 |
| 年龄 | 受访者的年龄 | ||
| 学业压力 | 李克特5级量表打分 | ||
| 童年经历 | |||
| 家庭属性 | 父亲学历 | 初中及以下=1,高中/中专=2,本科/大专=3,研究生及以上=4 | |
| 母亲学历 | |||
| 家庭绿色拥有情况 | 没有=1,私家庭院=2,屋顶花园=3,阳台花园=4,其他=5 | ||
| 自然偏好 | 空间偏好 | 综合公园=1,社区公园=2,街边绿地=3,广场绿地=4,小区花园=5,家庭花园=6 | |
| 时间偏好 | 是否愿意在自然中花费时间,李克特5级量表打分 | ||
表2 样本特征Table 2 Sample characteristics |
| 变量 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 变量 | 相对比率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年龄/岁 | 15.46 | 1.48 | 性别_女 | 1.12 |
| 学业压力 | 3.45 | 1.23 | 父亲学历_高中/中专 | 1.69 |
| 童年经历 | 3.78 | 1.23 | 父亲学历_本科/大专 | 3.81 |
| 时间偏好 | 3.84 | 1.16 | 父亲学历_硕士及以上 | 0.91 |
| 工作日学习/h | 12.46 | 3.32 | 母亲学历_高中/中专 | 1.49 |
| 工作日睡眠/h | 6.96 | 1.36 | 母亲学历_本科/大专 | 3.30 |
| 休息日学习/h | 6.81 | 3.45 | 母亲学历_硕士及以上 | 0.62 |
| 休息日睡眠/h | 8.96 | 1.56 | 家庭_私家庭院 | 0.09 |
| 通勤时长 | 0.57 | 0.39 | 家庭_屋顶花园 | 0.07 |
| 工作日休闲/h | 2.08 | 2.00 | 家庭_阳台花园 | 0.35 |
| 休息日休闲/h | 5.26 | 2.96 | 家庭_其他(如菜园等) | 0.10 |
| 娱乐月总时长/h | 74.03 | 82.02 | 空间偏好_社区公园 | 0.88 |
| 娱乐日均时长/h | 2.47 | 2.73 | 空间偏好_街边绿地 | 1.15 |
| 空间偏好_广场绿地 | 0.54 | |||
| 空间偏好_小区花园 | 1.76 | |||
| 空间偏好_家庭花园 | 0.46 |
|
表3 半结构访谈对象基本信息Table 3 Basic information of semi-structured interviewees |
| 访谈对象 | 编号 | 性别 | 特征 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 初中生 | C01 | 男 | 公办初中初二学生 |
| C02 | 女 | 公办初中初三学生 | |
| 高中生 | G01 | 女 | 重点高中高一学生 |
| G02 | 男 | 中等专业学校高一学生 | |
| G03 | 女 | 重点高中高三学生 |
表4 时空要素与自然接触的逐步回归结果Table 4 The stepwise regression results of the spatiotemporal elements and nature exposure |
| 变量 | 模型1 | 模型2 | 模型3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 放松与思考 | 场地活动 | 观察自然 | ||
| 常量 | -0.341(1.313) | -9.086***(2.846) | -2.643**(1.044) | |
| 社区环境 | NDVI | 2.951**(1.428) | ||
| 公园邻近性 | 0.001**(0.000) | |||
| 学校环境 | NDVI | -5.038*(2.706) | -2.832(1.793) | |
| 公园邻近性 | -0.001**(0.000) | |||
| 感知环境 | 安全感知 | -0.194***(0.071) | ||
| 便利感知 | 0.130*(0.073) | -0.111(0.072) | ||
| 舒适感知 | -0.102**(0.040) | |||
| 固定性 活动时长 | 工作日学习 | 0.164**(0.064) | -0.070*(0.041) | |
| 工作日睡眠 | 0.524***(0.124) | 0.651***(0.151) | 0.437***(0.089) | |
| 休息日学习 | 0.120***(0.041) | |||
| 通勤时长 | 1.288***(0.423) | |||
| 弹性活动 时长 | 休息日休闲 | 0.079*(0.043) | ||
| 娱乐活动日均时长 | 0.049***(0.016) | |||
| 个人属性 | 年龄 | 0.330**(0.133) | ||
| 性别_女 | ||||
| 学习压力 | -0.261*(0.158) | |||
| 家庭属性 | 母亲学历 | 0.437**(0.217) | ||
| 家庭绿色拥有情况_私家庭院 | -1.563*(0.831) | 0.731(0.485) | ||
| 家庭绿色拥有情况_阳台花园 | 0.645**(0.268) | |||
| 自然偏好 | 时间偏好 | 0.248**(0.099) | ||
| 空间偏好_社区公园 | 2.187***(0.524) | 0.973***(0.304) | ||
| 时空交互项 | 休息日休闲时长×学校NDVI | -1.686*(0.891) | ||
| 娱乐活动时长×学校公园邻近性 | -0.001*(0.001) | |||
| 休息日休闲时长×社区公园邻近性 | -0.001**(0.001) | |||
| R 2 | 0.144 | 0.266 | 0.246 | |
| 调整后R 2 | 0.121 | 0.227 | 0.202 | |
| F | 6.431*** | 6.774*** | 5.595*** | |
| D-W | 1.755 | 1.884 | 1.901 | |
|
时晓雨:确定研究框架、数据获取与分析、初稿撰写及修改;
张 敏:论文全过程各环节的指导、确立与深化修改。
|
Allard-Poesi F, Matos L B S, and Massu J. 2022. Not All Types of Nature Have an Equal Effect on Urban Residents' Well-Being: A Structural Equation Model Approach. Health & Place, 74: 102759.
|
|
Balseviciene B, Sinkariova L, Grazuleviciene R, Andrusaityte S, Uzdanaviciute I, Dedele A, and Nieuwenhuijsen M. 2014. Impact of Residential Greenness on Preschool Children's Emotional and Behavioral Problems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(7): 6757-6770.
|
|
Beery T H, Raymond C M, Kyttä M, Olafsson A S, Plieninger T, Sandberg M, Stenseke M, Tengö M, and Jönsson K I. 2017. Fostering Incidental Experiences of Nature through Green Infrastructure Planning. Ambio, 46(7): 717-730.
|
|
Birch J, Rishbeth C, and Payne S R. 2020. Nature Doesn't Judge You—How Urban Nature Supports Young People's Mental Health and Wellbeing in a Diverse UK City. Health & Place, 62: 102296.
|
|
Brussoni M, Lin Y, Han C, Janssen I, Schuurman N, Boyes R, Swanlund D, and Mâsse L C. 2020. A Qualitative Investigation of Unsupervised Outdoor Activities for 10- to 13-Year-Old Children: "I like Adventuring but I Don't like Adventuring without Being Careful". Journal of Environmental Psychology, 70: 101460.
|
|
Calogiuri G. 2016. Natural Environments and Childhood Experiences Promoting Physical Activity, Examining the Mediational Effects of Feelings about Nature and Social Networks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(4): 439.
|
|
Cervero R, Sarmiento O L, Jacoby E, Gomez L F, and Neiman A. 2009. Influences of Built Environments on Walking and Cycling: Lessons from Bogotá. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 3(4): 203-226.
|
|
柴彦威. 1998. 时间地理学的起源、主要概念及其应用. 地理科学,18(1):70-77.
Chai Yanwei. 1998. Time-Geography: Its Origin, Key Concepts and Applications. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 18(1): 70-77.
|
|
柴彦威,塔娜. 2024. 中国地理学的行为革命及其理论内涵. 地理研究,43(9):2259-2270.
Chai Yanwei and Ta Na. 2024. The Behavioral Revolution in Chinese Geography and Its Theoretical Connotation. Geographical Research, 43(9): 2259-2270.
|
|
Chawla L. 2015. Benefits of Nature Contact for Children. Journal of Planning Literature, 30(4): 433-452.
|
|
陈晓,王博,张豹. 2016. 远离“城嚣”:自然对人的积极作用、理论及其应用. 心理科学进展,24(2):270-281.
Chen Xiao, Wang Bo, and Zhang Bao. 2016. Far from the "Madding Crowd": The Positive Effects of Nature, Theories and Applications. Advances in Psychological Science, 24(2): 270-281.
|
|
陈晓,王博,陈立羽,孙长玉. 2017. 珠海市青少年群体亲近自然情况调查及其与心理健康的关系. 中国健康心理学杂志,25(2):307-314.
Chen Xiao, Wang Bo, Chen Liyu, and Sun Changyu. 2017. Go into Nature: Survey of Zhuhai Adolescents' Exposure to Nature and Its Relationship with Mental Health. China Journal of Health Psychology, 25(2): 307-314.
|
|
Corraliza J A, Collado S, and Bethelmy L. 2012. Nature as a Moderator of Stress in Urban Children. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 38: 253-263.
|
|
Cox D T C, Hudson H L, Shanahan D F, Fuller R A, and Gaston K J. 2017. The Rarity of Direct Experiences of Nature in an Urban Population. Landscape and Urban Planning, 160: 79-84.
|
|
Edwards N, Hooper P, Knuiman M, Foster S, and Giles-Corti B. 2015. Associations between Park Features and Adolescent Park Use for Physical Activity. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1): 21.
|
|
Franco L S, Shanahan D F, and Fuller R A. 2017. A Review of the Benefits of Nature Experiences: More than Meets the Eye. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8): 864.
|
|
符兴源,刘帅,温琦,于帆. 2020. 城市公园绿地质量对青少年体力活动影响——以哈尔滨市为例. 科学技术与工程,20(32):13129-13136.
Fu Xingyuan, Liu Shuai, Wen Qi, and Yu Fan. 2020. Influence of Urban Park Green Space Quality on Physical Activity of Teenagers: Taking Harbin as An Example. Science Technology and Engineering, 20(32): 13129-13136.
|
|
高原. 2017. 上海市大学生休闲感知与休闲行为研究. 上海:上海师范大学.
Gao Yuan. 2017. A Study on Leisure Perception and Leisure Behavior of College Students in Shanghai. Shanghai: Shanghai Normal University.
|
|
郝新华,周素红,彭伊侬,文萍. 2018. 广州市低收入群体户外活动的时空排斥及其影响机制. 人文地理,33(3):97-103,111.
Hao Xinhua, Zhou Suhong, Peng Yinong, and Wen Ping. 2018. Spatial-Temporal Exclusion Characteristics and Influencing Mechanism of Low-Income Residents' Outdoor Activities in Guangzhou. Human Geography, 33(3): 97-103, 111.
|
|
胡鸿宝,林慰慈,苟莉莉,黄芩,杨军,石呈,黄永康,李金山. 2015. 南京市中小学生生活方式综合分析. 中国健康教育,31(12):1139-1143.
Hu Hongbao, Lin Weici, Gou Lili, Huang Qin, Yang Jun, Shi Cheng, Huang Yongkang, and Li Jinshan. 2015. Comprehensive Analysis on Students' Lifestyle among Students in Different Grades in Nanjing City. Chinese Journal of Health Education, 31(12): 1139-1143.
|
|
黄向. 2020. 儿童与自然的人地关系研究:接触、认知与情感. 人文地理,35(6):9-17,75. [Huang Xiang. 2020. The Children-Nature Relationship: Contact, Cognization and Emotion. Human Geography, 35(6): 9-17, 75. ]
|
|
Huynh Q, Craig W, Janssen I, and Pickett W. 2013. Exposure to Public Natural Space as a Protective Factor for Emotional Well-Being among Young People in Canada. BMC Public Health, 13(1): 407.
|
|
焦健,王德. 2021. 城市时间利用研究的历程、议题与展望. 城市规划学刊,(1):52-59.
Jiao Jian and Wang De. 2021. Development, Topics, and Prospects of Urban Time-Uses Research. Urban Planning Forum, (1): 52-59.
|
|
江苏省人民政府. 2024. 南京市建成区绿化覆盖率达45.04%居全国前列. (2024-08-15)[2025-02-19]. https://www.js.gov.cn/art/2024/8/15/art_90951_11333789.html.
Jiangsu Provincial People's Government. 2024. The Green Coverage Rate of Nanjing's Built-up Areas Reached 45.04%, Ranking Among the Top in the Country. (2024-08-15) [2025-02-19]. https://www.js.gov.cn/art/2024/8/15/art_90951_11333789.html.
|
|
Keniger L, Gaston K, Irvine K, and Fuller R. 2013. What are the Benefits of Interacting with Nature? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(3): 913-935.
|
|
Li D, Deal B, Zhou X, Slavenas M, and Sullivan W C. 2018. Moving beyond the Neighborhood: Daily Exposure to Nature and Adolescents' Mood. Landscape and Urban Planning, 173: 33-43.
|
|
Lin B B, Fuller R A, Bush R, Gaston K J, and Danielle F S. 2014. Opportunity or Orientation? Who Uses Urban Parks and Why. PLoS ONE, 9(1): e87422.
|
|
刘吉祥,肖龙珠,周江评,郭源园,杨林川. 2022. 建成环境与青少年步行通学的非线性关系——基于极限梯度提升模型的研究. 地理科学进展,41(2):251-263.
Liu Jixiang, Xiao Longzhu, Zhou Jiangping, Guo Yuanyuan, and Yang Linchuan. 2022. Non-Linear Relationships between the Built Environment and Walking to School: Applying Extreme Gradient Boosting Method. Progress in Geography, 41(2): 251-263.
|
|
Louv R. 2005. Last Child in The Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books.
|
|
Lovelock B, Walters T, Jellum C, and Thompson-Carr A. 2016. The Participation of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in Nature-Based Recreation. Leisure Sciences, 38(5): 441-460.
|
|
Lun Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang Q, Liu T, and Han Z. 2024. Comparison of the Impact of School Environment on Body Mass Index, Physical Fitness, and Mental Health among Chinese Adolescents: Correlations, Risk Factors, Intermediary Effects. Landscape and Urban Planning, 251: 105151.
|
|
Luque-García L, Corrales A, Lertxundi A, Díaz S, and Ibarluzea J. 2022. Does Exposure to Greenness Improve Children's Neuropsychological Development and Mental Health? A Navigation Guide Systematic Review of Observational Evidence for Associations. Environmental Research, 206: 112599.
|
|
Mason L, Ronconi A, Scrimin S, and Pazzaglia F. 2022. Short-Term Exposure to Nature and Benefits for Students' Cognitive Performance: A Review. Educational Psychology Review, 34(2): 609-647.
|
|
南京市人民政府. 2023. 1—7月我市实现旅游总收入1975亿元,新鲜智慧增“夜”态,解锁旅行N种体验. (2023-08-10)[2025-02-19]. https://www.nanjing.gov.cn/njxx/202308/t20230810_3983464.html.
Nanjing Municipal People's Government. 2023. From January to July, the City Achieved A Total Tourism Income of 197.5 Billion Yuan, Adding Fresh Wisdom to the "Night" State and Unlocking N Kinds of Travel Experiences. (2023-03-10) [2025-02-19]. https://www.nanjing.gov.cn/njxx/202308/t20230810_3983464.html.
|
|
南京市统计局. 2024. 南京市2023年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. (2024-05-11)[2024-10-21]. https://tjj.nanjing.gov.cn/bmfw/njsj/202405/t20240511_4663449.html.
Nanjing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. 2024. Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of Nanjing in 2023. (2024-05-11) [2024-10-21]. https://tjj.nanjing.gov.cn/bmfw/njsj/202405/t20240511_4663449.html.
|
|
Ozbil A, Yesiltepe D, Argin G, and Rybarczyk G. 2021. Children's Active School Travel: Examining the Combined Perceived and Objective Built-Environment Factors from Space Syntax. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1): 286.
|
|
彭红松,韩娅,虞虎,章锦河,钟士恩,侯梦娇. 2022. 日常和旅游两种情景的自然接触对儿童亲环境行为意愿的影响差异——兼论自然联结的中介效应. 地理研究,41(2):358-372.
Peng Hongsong, Han Ya, Yu Hu, Zhang Jinhe, Zhong Shi'en, and Hou Mengjiao. 2022. The Difference Effects of Nature Contact on Children's Pro-Environmental Behavior Intention Under the Daily and the Tourism Scenarios: The Mediating Role of Nature Connectedness. Geographical Science, 41(2): 358-372.
|
|
彭红松,李畅,钟士恩,章锦河. 2023. 人与自然的关系研究:接触、联结及益处. 地理研究,42(4):1101-1116.
Peng Hongsong, Li Chang, Zhong Shi'en, and Zhang Jinhe. 2023. Literature Review on Human-Nature Relationships: Nature Contact, Nature Connectedness and Nature Benefits. Geographical Research, 42(4): 1101-1116.
|
|
Powell K E. 2005. Land Use, the Built Environment, and Physical Activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2): 216-217.
|
|
Puhakka R and Hakoköngäs E. 2024. Adolescents' Experiences in Nature: Sources of Everyday Well-Being. Journal of Leisure Research, 55(2): 250-269.
|
|
Putra I G N E, McInerney A M, Robinson E, and Deschênes S S. 2024. Neighbourhood Characteristics and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Child Mental Health: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Findings from the Growing up in Ireland Study. Health & Place, 86: 103180.
|
|
齐兰兰,周素红,张琳,刘明杨. 2025. 城市绿色空间对青少年心理健康的影响:性别和手机娱乐时间的调节作用. 中山大学学报(自然科学版中英文),64(1):228-237.
Qi Lanlan, Zhou Suhong, Zhang Lin, and Liu Mingyang. 2025. The Impact of Urban Green Spaces on Adolescents' Mental Health: The Moderating Effects of Gender and Cell Phone Recreation Time. Arta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 64(1): 228-237.
|
|
钱晨,张桂金. 2023. 社会分层视角下青少年校外时间安排研究——基于CEPS基线数据的分析. 南方人口,38(3):38-52.
Qian Chen and Zhang Guijin. 2023. A Study on Teenagers' Off-Campus Time Arrangement from the Perspective of Social Stratification: An Analysis Based on CEPS Baseline Data. South China Population, 38(3): 38-52.
|
|
Roberts H, Van L C, Hagedoorn P, Kellar I, and Helbich M. 2019. The Effect of Short-Term Exposure to the Natural Environment on Depressive Mood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Environmental Research, 177: 108606.
|
|
Schwanen T and Dijst M. 2003. Time Windows in Workers' Activity Patterns: Empirical Evidence from the Netherlands. Transportation, 30: 261-283.
|
|
申悦,柴彦威. 2017. 基于性别比较的北京城市居民活动的时空弹性研究. 地理学报,72(12):2214-2225.
Shen Yue and Chai Yanwei. 2017. Space-Time Flexibility of Daily Activities and Gender Differences: A Case Study of Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 72(12): 2214-2225.
|
|
Skar M, Wold L C, Gundersen V, and O'Brien L. 2016. Why Do Children Not Play in Nearby Nature? Results from a Norwegian Survey. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 16(3): 239-255.
|
|
Soga M and Gaston J K. 2016. Extinction of Experience: The Loss of Human-Nature Interactions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 14(2): 94-101.
|
|
Soga M, Yamanoi T, Tsuchiya K, Koyanagi T F, and Kanai T. 2018. What Are the Drivers of and Barriers to Children's Direct Experiences of Nature? Landscape and Urban Planning, 180: 114-120.
|
|
宋天明,徐磊青. 2024. 疗愈视角下的住宅阳台环境研究评述与展望. 风景园林,31(2):87-94.
Song Tianming and Xu Leiqing. 2024. Review and Prospect of Research on Residential Balcony Environment from the Perspective of Healing. Landscape Architecture, 31(2): 87-94.
|
|
Staempfli M B. 2007. Adolescent Playfulness, Stress Perception, Coping and Well Being. Journal of Leisure Research, 39(3): 393-412.
|
|
Sundevall E P and Jansson M. 2020. Inclusive Parks across Ages: Multifunction and Urban Open Space Management for Children, Adolescents, and the Elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24): 9357.
|
|
塔娜,申悦,柴彦威. 2016. 生活方式视角下的时空行为研究进展. 地理科学进展,35(10):1279-1287.
Ta Na, Shen Yue, and Chai Yanwei. 2016. Progress in Research from A Lifestyle Perspective of Space-Time Behavior. Progress in Geography, 35(10): 1279-1287.
|
|
陶印华,柴彦威,杨婕. 2021. 城市居民健康生活方式研究的时空行为视角. 人文地理,36(1):22-29.
Tao Yinhua, Chai Yanwei, and Yang Jie. 2021. Understanding Healthy Lifestyles for Urban Residents from the Perspective of Space-Time Behaviors. Human Geography, 36(1): 22-29.
|
|
王潮. 2019. 儿童亲自然视角下老旧社区公共空间评价与优化研究. 天津:天津大学.
Wang Chao. 2019. A Study on the Renewal Strategy of Public Space in Old Communities from the Perspective of Children's Nature-Based Experience. Tianjin: Tianjin University.
|
|
王娜,吴健生,李胜,王宏亮,彭子凤. 2021. 基于多源数据的城市活力空间特征及建成环境对其影响机制研究——以深圳市为例. 热带地理,41(6):1280-1291.
Wang Na, Wu Jiansheng, Li Sheng, Wang Hongliang, and Peng Zifeng. 2021. Spatial Features of Urban Vitality and the Impact of Built Environment on Them Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen. Tropical Geography, 41(6): 1280-1291.
|
|
王琦,塔娜. 2023. 性别差异视角下上海郊区居民工作日活动空间特征与影响因素. 地理科学进展,42(10):2047-2057.
Wang Qi and Ta Na. 2023. Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Working Day Activity Space of Shanghai Suburban Residents from the Perspective of Gender Difference. Progress in Geography, 42(10): 2047-2057.
|
|
Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhou L, and Nan Y. 2024. Exploring the Impact of School-Based Physical and Perceived Environments on Students' Physical Activity during Recess: A Case Study of Four Schools in Xi'an, China. Buildings, 14(10): 3283.
|
|
Wu H, Ji R, and Jin H. 2023. Parental Factors Affecting Children's Nature Connectedness. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 87: 101977.
|
|
肖巧. 2022. 重庆中心城区邻里绿色空间对主观幸福感的影响研究. 重庆:西南大学.
Xiao Qiao. 2022. Research on the Influence of Neighborhood Green Space in the Central Urban Area of Chongqing on Subjective Well-Being. Chongqing: Southwest University.
|
|
Yan A F, Voorhees C C, Clifton K, and Burnier C. 2010. "Do You See What I See?"—Correlates of Multidimensional Measures of Neighborhood Types and Perceived Physical Activity-Related Neighborhood Barriers and Facilitators for Urban Youth. Preventive Medicine, 50: S18-S23.
|
|
姚静怡. 2019. 时空约束对居民体力活动与健康效应的影响研究. 南京:南京大学.
Yao Jingyi. 2019. Explore the Effects of Time and Space Constraints on Physical Activity and Health of Residents—Taking Nanjing as an Example. Nanjing: Nanjing University.
|
|
游士兵,严研. 2017. 逐步回归分析法及其应用. 统计与决策,(14):31-35.
You Shibing and Yan Yan. 2017. Stepwise Regression Analysis and Its Application. Statistics & Decision,(14): 31-35.
|
|
翟宝昕,朱玮. 2018. 大城市儿童户外活动的时空特征研究——以上海为例. 城市规划,42(11):87-96.
Zhai Baoxin and Zhu Wei. 2018. Analysis on Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Children's Outdoor Activities in Big Cities: A Case Study of Shanghai. City Planning Review, 42(11): 87-96.
|
|
张涛,刘魁. 2023. 认知异化:人与自然关系新异化及其对策反思——基于社会加速的分析视角. 中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),23(6):1-11.
Zhang Tao and Liu Kui. 2023. Cognitive Alienation: The New Alienation of the Relationship between Man and Nature and Its Countermeasures—From the Analytical Perspective of Social Acceleration. Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition), 23(6): 1-11.
|
|
周素红,黄畅如,张琳. 2021. 城市公园环境对个体恢复性感知的影响及设计启示:以青少年活动环境感知为例. 风景园林,28(5):16-22.
Zhou Suhong, Huang Changru, and Zhang Lin. 2021. Impacts of Urban Park Environment on Individual Restorative Perception and Design Implications: A Case Study of Adolescent Activity Environment Perception. Landscape Architecture, 28(5): 16-22.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |