地缘军事影响力:评价体系、空间演化与形成路径
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郭卫东(1992—),男,江西井冈山人,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为地缘政治与国家安全,(E-mail)guowd28@126.com; |
收稿日期: 2025-05-18
修回日期: 2025-06-09
网络出版日期: 2025-12-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(42501202)
Geomilitary Powers: Evaluation Framework, Spatial Evolution, and Configuration Pathways
Received date: 2025-05-18
Revised date: 2025-06-09
Online published: 2025-12-25
当前大国博弈和地区冲突的持续蔓延使得军事因素日益成为影响地缘关系和国际博弈的重要变量,深入探析地缘军事影响力的空间态势和形成路径对军事资源的合理配置具有重要意义。文章采用指标体系构建、标准差椭圆和定性比较分析等方法,对地缘军事影响力进行定量测度,结果表明:1)基于军事实力、军事合作和军事威慑这3个维度构建评价指标体系,将其作为世界各国地缘军事影响力的分析框架,具有较强的解释力。2)全球地缘军事影响力呈现以“一超多强”的稳定格局,美国始终是最具地缘军事影响力的国家,中国和印度呈现明显的上升态势,俄罗斯和英国呈现下降态势。各国地缘军事影响力的动态消长促使其重心呈现向东南方向移动的态势,中国成为地缘军事影响力重心移动最主要的动力。3)地缘军事影响力的形成路径可划分为军事实力与军事合作协同型路径、军事合作引领型路径和综合型路径,多条件综合组态效应构成强大的地缘军事影响力,在核心条件缺失和仅辅助条件存在的状态下均难以产生地缘军事影响力。
郭卫东 , 徐伟 , 杜德斌 , 李祺祥 . 地缘军事影响力:评价体系、空间演化与形成路径[J]. 热带地理, 2025 , 45(12) : 2197 -2208 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20250323
The persistent escalation of great power rivalries and regional conflicts has elevated military factors as increasingly critical variables that shape geopolitical relations and international power dynamics. Conducting an in-depth analysis of the spatial dynamics and formation pathways of geopolitical military influence is therefore of paramount importance for optimizing the allocation of military resources. Building upon the identified gaps in the existing literature on geopolitical military influence, this study employed an index system construction approach that integrated methodologies such as standard deviational ellipse analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. A preliminary evaluation framework for assessing geopolitical military influence was developed, and its spatial evolution patterns and multidimensional formation mechanisms were examined. The findings revealed the following: (1) Military capability—represented by military financing, personnel strength, and defense industrial production—constitutes the foundational prerequisite for the generation of geopolitical military influence. Military cooperation—encompassing defense collaboration, joint military exercises, and international arms trade—enables the expansion and outward projection of such influence through diverse operational modalities. Military deterrence mechanisms—including nuclear, air-based, and sea-based deterrence—serve as critical manifestations of a nation's strategic acumen and technological prowess, collectively projecting coercive power to deter adversarial states. (2) The global geomilitary landscape demonstrates a stable pattern of "one superpower, many strong powers," with the United States consistently maintaining its position as the most geopolitically influential military power. Concurrently, China and India exhibit significant upward trajectories, whereas Russia and the United Kingdom display declining trends. The dynamic shifts in national geomilitary powers have prompted a southeastward shift in the global power center, with China emerging as the principal driver of this movement. (3) The pathways to geomilitary power can be categorized into three types: synergistic pathways of military strength and cooperation, military cooperation-led pathways, and comprehensive pathways. The multi-condition configurational effects form a robust geomilitary power that cannot be achieved in the absence of core conditions or the presence of only auxiliary conditions. The evolutionary trajectory of a nation's geopolitical military influence progresses through distinct developmental stages—beginning with a military cooperation-led formation pathway, transitioning to a synergistic pathway combining military capability and cooperation, and ultimately ascending toward an integrated pathway. This escalating evolution maps the developmental trajectory through which states enhance their comprehensive national power and geopolitical military influence. This article's in-depth exploration of geopolitical and geomilitary power research not only enhances our understanding of the dynamic evolution of geomilitary power dynamics among different countries but also significantly enriches and expands the research scope of geopolitics and geopolitical military studies. This provides a crucial perspective for comprehending the transformation of the global geopolitical landscape.
表1 地缘军事影响力的评价指标体系Table 1 System of evaluation indicators of geomilitary power |
| 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 三级指标 |
|---|---|---|
| 军事实力 | 军事财政 | 军费规模 |
| 军事人员 | 军队规模 | |
| 军工生产 | 全球军工百强企业数量 | |
| 军事合作 | 防务合作 | 防务合作条约签订数量 |
| 国际军贸 | 国际武器贸易规模 | |
| 联合军演 | 国际联合军事演习次数 | |
| 军事威慑 | 核威慑 | 核武器数量 |
| 海基威慑 | 航空母舰数量 | |
| 空基威慑 | 第五代战斗机数量 |
表2 2000—2022年地缘军事影响力前10强Table 2 Top 10 countries in terms of geomilitary power during 2000-2022 |
| 序号 | 2000年 | 2007年 | 2014年 | 2022年 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 国家 | 得分 | 国家 | 得分 | 国家 | 得分 | 国家 | 得分 | |
| 1 | 美国 | 0.912 | 美国 | 0.914 | 美国 | 0.939 | 美国 | 0.939 |
| 2 | 俄罗斯 | 0.373 | 俄罗斯 | 0.388 | 俄罗斯 | 0.375 | 中国 | 0.379 |
| 3 | 英国 | 0.323 | 中国 | 0.332 | 中国 | 0.332 | 俄罗斯 | 0.323 |
| 4 | 中国 | 0.284 | 印度 | 0.330 | 印度 | 0.291 | 印度 | 0.291 |
| 5 | 印度 | 0.259 | 英国 | 0.292 | 法国 | 0.234 | 英国 | 0.281 |
| 6 | 法国 | 0.243 | 法国 | 0.261 | 英国 | 0.233 | 法国 | 0.234 |
| 7 | 意大利 | 0.170 | 巴基斯坦 | 0.192 | 巴基斯坦 | 0.143 | 巴基斯坦 | 0.148 |
| 8 | 土耳其 | 0.161 | 德国 | 0.161 | 朝鲜 | 0.109 | 德国 | 0.140 |
| 9 | 德国 | 0.148 | 西班牙 | 0.158 | 德国 | 0.099 | 意大利 | 0.134 |
| 10 | 巴基斯坦 | 0.138 | 乌克兰 | 0.146 | 意大利 | 0.096 | 以色列 | 0.131 |
表3 2000—2022年地缘军事影响力重心分布空间演化Table 3 Gravity center of spatial distribution for geomilitary power during 2000-2022 |
| 参数 | 2000年 | 2007年 | 2014年 | 2022年 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 中心经度 | 10°47′5″W | 6°30'35"W | 8°28'18"W | 6°19'21″W |
| 中心纬度 | 20°36′33″N | 19°36'11″N | 18°11'27″N | 18°1'16″N |
| 方向角度 | 86.11° | 86.74° | 87.57° | 87.78° |
表4 条件和结果的校准锚点Table 4 Calibration points of conditions and results |
| 条件和结果 | 完全隶属 | 交叉点 | 完全不隶属 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 地缘军事影响力 | 0.024 | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| 军事财政 | 46.029 | 5.265 | 0.798 |
| 军事人员 | 11.550 | 2.250 | 0.525 |
| 军工生产 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 1.000 |
| 防务合作 | 13.750 | 6.000 | 3.000 |
| 国际军贸 | 127.000 | 7.000 | 0.000 |
| 联合军演 | 122.250 | 55.500 | 16.00 |
| 核威慑 | 0.750 | 0.500 | 0.000 |
| 海基威慑 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 空基威慑 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
表5 单个条件的必要性分析Table 5 Necessity test results of individual conditions |
| 变量 | 高地缘军事影响力 | 低地缘军事影响力 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一致性 | 覆盖度 | 一致性 | 覆盖度 | |
| 军事财政 | 0.816 | 0.859 | 0.294 | 0.298 |
| 军事人员 | 0.771 | 0.823 | 0.318 | 0.328 |
| 军工生产 | 0.119 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| 防务合作 | 0.797 | 0.843 | 0.278 | 0.284 |
| 国际军贸 | 0.774 | 0.847 | 0.282 | 0.298 |
| 联合军演 | 0.825 | 0.848 | 0.302 | 0.299 |
| 核威慑 | 0.161 | 0.916 | 0.079 | 0.433 |
| 海基威慑 | 0.146 | 0.908 | 0.079 | 0.472 |
| 空基威慑 | 0.165 | 0.918 | 0.079 | 0.422 |
| ~军事财政 | 0.333 | 0.328 | 0.861 | 0.818 |
| ~军事人员 | 0.370 | 0.360 | 0.828 | 0.777 |
| ~军工生产 | 0.881 | 0.477 | 1.000 | 0.523 |
| ~防务合作 | 0.323 | 0.317 | 0.846 | 0.800 |
| ~国际军贸 | 0.358 | 0.34 | 0.855 | 0.785 |
| ~联合军演 | 0.319 | 0.321 | 0.847 | 0.823 |
| ~核威慑 | 0.900 | 0.503 | 0.985 | 0.531 |
| ~海基威慑 | 0.915 | 0.507 | 0.985 | 0.527 |
| ~空基威慑 | 0.896 | 0.502 | 0.985 | 0.532 |
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表6 地缘军事影响力的构成组态Table 6 Configuration results of geomilitary power |
| 条件 | 高影响力形成路径 | 低影响力形成路径 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| 军事财政 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||
| 军事人员 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||
| 军工生产 | ● | ||||||||
| 防务合作 | ● | ● | ● | ● | |||||
| 国际军贸 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
| 联合军演 | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ||||
| 核威慑 | ● | ||||||||
| 海基威慑 | ● | ||||||||
| 空基威慑 | ● | ||||||||
| 一致性 | 0.995 | 0.974 | 0.987 | 0.983 | 0.993 | 0.999 | 0.997 | 0.908 | 0.941 |
| 原始覆盖度 | 0.396 | 0.428 | 0.422 | 0.446 | 0.102 | 0.058 | 0.629 | 0.192 | 0.138 |
| 唯一覆盖度 | 0.029 | 0.089 | 0.021 | 0.072 | 0.014 | 0.049 | 0.479 | 0.053 | 0.021 |
| 总体一致性 | 0.969 | 0.966 | |||||||
| 总体覆盖度 | 0.679 | 0.725 | |||||||
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郭卫东:论文选题、研究方案设计、数据整理、论文撰写、图件制作;
徐 伟:论文选题、研究方案设计、修改指导;
杜德斌:论文选题、修改指导、基金支持;
李祺祥:图件制作、论文修改、文本校对。
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