Tropical Geography ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1039-1049.doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003511
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Shaoyang Chen1(), Li Xiao1, Na Liu1, Yanwei Gong1, Yun Xiao2
Received:
2022-02-15
Revised:
2022-05-15
Online:
2022-07-05
Published:
2022-07-23
CLC Number:
Shaoyang Chen, Li Xiao, Na Liu, Yanwei Gong, Yun Xiao. Classificatory Assessment of Islands and Reefs in the South China Sea from the Perspective of Sustainable Development[J].Tropical Geography, 2022, 42(7): 1039-1049.
Table 1
The indicator system and weight results of sustainable development of islands and reefs in the South China Sea
目标层A | 系统层B | 指标层 C | 因子类别 | FAHP | EWM | 组合权重 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
自然A1 0.102 1 | 地理条件B1 | 岛礁面积C1 | +↑ | 0.017 4 | 0.015 5 | 0.018 7 |
岛礁地理位置C2 | +↑ | 0.030 7 | 0.014 7 | 0.024 2 | ||
岸线长度C3 | +↑ | 0.010 0 | 0.014 5 | 0.013 7 | ||
最高高程C4 | +↑ | 0.009 8 | 0.013 2 | 0.013 0 | ||
气候条件B2 | 平均年降水量C5 | ϒ | 0.003 0 | 0.040 2 | 0.012 5 | |
年平均气温C6 | ϒ | 0.003 1 | 0.019 8 | 0.008 9 | ||
自然灾害C7 | +↓ | 0.007 8 | 0.012 1 | 0.011 1 | ||
经济A2 0.110 6 | 产业建设B3 | 工业设施C8 | ⊙ | 0.005 5 | 0.014 7 | 0.010 3 |
渔业养殖C9 | ⊙ | 0.008 6 | 0.010 8 | 0.010 9 | ||
旅游业发展C10 | +↑ | 0.007 6 | 0.028 1 | 0.016 6 | ||
(转下页) | ||||||
设施建设B4 | 港口建设C11 | +↑ | 0.002 2 | 0.021 0 | 0.007 8 | |
机场建设C12 | +↑ | 0.025 5 | 0.020 9 | 0.026 3 | ||
土地B5 | 土地利用C13 | ϒ | 0.027 2 | 0.010 1 | 0.018 9 | |
食品B6 | 食品供应C14 | ⊙ | 0.029 2 | 0.010 4 | 0.019 8 | |
社会A3 0.170 5 | 社区建设B7 | 民事行政管理C15 | +↑ | 0.006 8 | 0.027 0 | 0.015 4 |
岛上交通条件C16 | +↑ | 0.006 4 | 0.011 6 | 0.009 8 | ||
住房情况C17 | +↑ | 0.004 4 | 0.016 0 | 0.009 6 | ||
教育C18 | +↑ | 0.004 1 | 0.021 0 | 0.010 6 | ||
医疗C19 | +↑ | 0.004 8 | 0.019 1 | 0.010 9 | ||
社会福利C20 | ⊙ | 0.003 6 | 0.012 9 | 0.007 8 | ||
公共设施B8 | 体育场数量C21 | +↑ | 0.001 8 | 0.017 5 | 0.006 4 | |
体育场规模C22 | +↑ | 0.010 2 | 0.016 9 | 0.014 9 | ||
生活服务场所C23 | ⊙ | 0.020 2 | 0.011 2 | 0.017 1 | ||
科研建设B9 | 实验基地规模C24 | ⊙ | 0.004 1 | 0.014 2 | 0.008 7 | |
观测站建设C25 | +↑ | 0.014 8 | 0.0130 | 0.015 8 | ||
海上联合搜救B10 | 海上搜救组织C26 | +↑ | 0.005 9 | 0.028 1 | 0.014 7 | |
海上搜救能力C27 | -↑ | 0.040 9 | 0.015 7 | 0.028 8 | ||
资源A4 0.207 8 | 海岛资源B11 | 植被覆盖面积C28 | +↑ | 0.018 0 | 0.009 6 | 0.014 9 |
鸟粪磷矿C29 | ⊙ | 0.009 7 | 0.014 5 | 0.013 6 | ||
底栖生物多样性C30 | +↑ | 0.008 6 | 0.028 1 | 0.017 7 | ||
渔业资源B12 | 鱼类物种C31 | +↑ | 0.009 4 | 0.013 1 | 0.012 7 | |
渔场建设C32 | +↑ | 0.028 6 | 0.021 5 | 0.028 3 | ||
淡水资源B13 | 淡水处理厂C33 | +↑ | 0.017 4 | 0.014 4 | 0.018 0 | |
岛上水库C34 | +↑ | 0.013 4 | 0.017 6 | 0.017 6 | ||
淡水透镜体潜质C35 | +↑ | 0.008 1 | 0.028 1 | 0.017 2 | ||
矿产资源B14 | 矿产丰富度C36 | ⊙ | 0.028 1 | 0.021 4 | 0.027 9 | |
油气资源B15 | 油气田分布C37 | -↑ | 0.034 2 | 0.012 4 | 0.023 5 | |
可再生能源B16 | 可再生能源利用程度C38 | ⊙ | 0.017 6 | 0.011 8 | 0.016 4 | |
生态A5 0.097 0 | 水质B17 | 悬浮物含量C39 | -↑ | 0.031 6 | 0.010 6 | 0.020 9 |
周边叶绿素含量C40 | +↑ | 0.031 6 | 0.017 5 | 0.026 8 | ||
污水排放B18 | 生活污水排放C41 | ⊙ | 0.016 7 | 0.013 7 | 0.017 2 | |
产业废水排放C42 | ⊙ | 0.074 3 | 0.010 7 | 0.032 1 | ||
文化A6 0.082 1 | 历史文化B19 | 历史文化遗产数量C43 | +↑ | 0.034 6 | 0.015 3 | 0.026 2 |
历史文化遗产价值C44 | ⊙ | 0.053 4 | 0.016 6 | 0.034 0 | ||
民俗文化B20 | 非物质文化遗产C45 | +↑ | 0.013 1 | 0.028 1 | 0.021 9 | |
战略A7 0.230 1 | 辐射能力B21 | 辐射岛礁数量C46 | +↑ | 0.046 0 | 0.010 5 | 0.025 1 |
交通区位B22 | 船舶交通密度C47 | ⊙ | 0.014 6 | 0.012 7 | 0.015 5 | |
与航道距离C48 | -↑ | 0.033 2 | 0.011 8 | 0.022 6 | ||
锚地条件B23 | 锚地水深C49 | +↑ | 0.011 8 | 0.016 3 | 0.015 8 | |
锚地地质C50 | ⊙ | 0.025 8 | 0.018 0 | 0.024 5 | ||
航行条件B24 | 周边航线数量C51 | +↑ | 0.003 6 | 0.010 3 | 0.007 0 | |
航道平均水深C52 | +↑ | 0.000 8 | 0.020 9 | 0.004 7 | ||
灯塔数量C53 | +↑ | 0.001 0 | 0.015 6 | 0.004 4 | ||
码头吨位C54 | +↑ | 0.003 8 | 0.014 1 | 0.008 3 | ||
港池面积C55 | +↑ | 0.003 9 | 0.017 3 | 0.009 3 | ||
避风条件C56 | ⊙ | 0.004 8 | 0.013 1 | 0.009 0 | ||
军事建设B25 | 军事用地占比C57 | +↑ | 0.013 5 | 0.013 2 | 0.015 2 | |
军用设施C58 | ⊙ | 0.030 1 | 0.015 6 | 0.024 7 | ||
周边安全形势B26 | 敌占岛礁数量C59 | -↑ | 0.014 7 | 0.017 5 | 0.018 2 | |
敌占岛礁综合能力值C60 | ⊙ | 0.028 5 | 0.018 0 | 0.025 8 |
Table 2
Database and source
来源 | 确定方法 | 数据名称 |
---|---|---|
遥感影像 (LocaSpace Viewer) | 人工目视解译与测量 | 岛礁面积、岛礁地理位置、岸线长度、港口建设、机场建设、土地利用、岛上交通条件、 住房情况、体育场数量、体育场规模、海上搜救能力、植被覆盖面积、岛上水库、辐射 岛礁数量、港池面积、军事用地占比 |
定性评价 | 军用设施 | |
数量统计 | 敌占岛礁数量 | |
文献资料 | 资料数值 | 最高高程(高俊国 等,2009)、底栖生物多样性(李新正 等,2002)、鱼类物种(李媛洁,2020) |
定性评价 | 鸟粪磷矿(中国科学院南京土壤研究所考察组,1976)、矿产丰富度(杨慧宁 等,2002) | |
数量统计 | 淡水透镜体潜质(Sheng et al., 2020) | |
定量测量 | 与航道距离(Wang et al., 2014)、周边航线数量(Wang et al., 2014) | |
官方新闻1) | 定性评价 | 工业设施、渔业养殖、食品供应、社会福利、生活服务场所、实验基地规模、可再生能源利用程度、生活污水排放、产业废水排放、历史文化遗产价值、避风条件、敌占岛礁综合能力值 |
数量统计 | 旅游业发展、民事行政管理、教育、医疗、观测站建设、海上搜救组织、渔场建设、淡水处理厂、历史文化遗产数量、非物质文化遗产 | |
资料数值 | 码头吨位 | |
专题图集2) | 定量测量 | 油气田分布 |
数据库产品/网站 | 平均数值 | 平均年降水量3)、年平均气温4)、悬浮物含量5)、周边叶绿素含量5)、锚地水深6)、航道平均水深6) |
数量统计 | 自然灾害7)、灯塔数量6) | |
定性评价 | 锚地地质6)、船舶交通密度8) |
Table 3
Correspondence between judging criteria and assessment grades of qualitative factors
指标 | 评价等级 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
低(1~2分) | 较低(3~4分) | 中(5~6分) | 较高(7~8分) | 高(9~10分) | |
工业设施C8 | 无工业设施 | 海水淡化厂等工业设施少 | 海水淡化厂等工业设施较少 | 海水淡化厂等工业设施较多 | 海水淡化厂等工业设施多 |
渔业养殖C9 | 气候恶劣,渔业资源较少 | 气候适宜,渔业资源丰富 | 渔业资源丰富,渔民打渔为生 | 建有渔业基地 | 渔业产业化,生产规模大 |
食品供应C14 | 生态环境差,暂不适宜农牧作业 | 有一定的养殖基础 | 农牧作业设施较齐全 | 农牧作业设施较齐全,有一定的现代化生产条件 | 农牧作业设施齐全, 现代化水平高 |
社会福利C20 | 岛礁上生活保障少 | 岛礁上生活保障较少 | 岛礁上有一定的生活保障 | 岛礁上形成居民社区 | 岛礁上形成居民社区,福利机制完善 |
生活服务场所C23 | 暂无超市、电影院等服务场所 | 存在个别超市、电影院等服务场所 | 超市、电影院等服务场所较少 | 超市、电影院等服务场所较齐全 | 超市、电影院等服务 场所齐全 |
实验基地规模C24 | 无实验基地 | 实验基地数量少 | 实验基地数量较少 | 实验基地数量较多 | 实验基地数量多 |
鸟粪磷矿C29 | 生物气候条件差,土壤含磷量少 | 生物气候条件较差,土壤含磷量较少 | 生物气候条件一般, 土壤含磷量一般 | 生物气候条件较好, 土壤含磷量较多 | 生物气候条件好, 土壤含磷量多 |
矿产丰富度C36 | 矿产资源贫乏 | 矿产资源较少 | 矿产资源欠丰富 | 矿产资源较丰富 | 矿产资源丰富 |
可再生能源利用程度C38 | 利用程度低 | 利用程度较低 | 利用程度一般 | 利用程度较高 | 利用程度高 |
生活污水排放C41 | 排放少 | 排放较少 | 排放一般 | 排放较多 | 排放多 |
产业废水排放C42 | 排放少 | 排放较少 | 排放一般 | 排放较多 | 排放多 |
历史文化遗产价值C44 | 时间近、规模小 | 时间较近、规模较小 | 时间较久远、规模一般 | 时间较久远、规模较大 | 时间久远、规模大 |
船舶交通密度C47 | 船舶来往数量少,交通密度小 | 船舶来往数量较少,交通密度较小 | 船舶来往数量一般,交通密度一般 | 船舶来往数量较多, 交通密度较大 | 船舶来往数量多, 交通密度大 |
锚地地质C50 | 差 | 较差 | 中 | 良 | 优 |
避风条件C56 | 较弱 | 弱 | 中 | 较强 | 强 |
军用设施C58 | 礁堡、雷达等 设施少 | 礁堡、雷达等设施 较少 | 礁堡、雷达等设施 一般 | 礁堡、雷达等设施 较多 | 礁堡、雷达等设施多 |
敌占岛礁综合能力值C60 | 无居民居住; 派遣巡航艇巡航 | 有居民居住; 派遣巡航艇巡航 | 有驻守部队;有居民 居住;派遣巡航艇巡航 | 周边岛礁为军事基地; 军用设施布设较严密; 有驻守部队;有居民 居住;派遣巡航艇巡航 | 周边岛礁为军事基地;军用设施布设严密;有驻守部队;有居民居住;派遣巡航艇巡航 |
Table 4
The values of islands and reefs in the South China Sea
维度 | 永兴岛 | 赵述岛 | 南薰礁 | 美济礁 | 渚碧礁 | 永暑礁 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
价值量 | 64.19 | 47.07 | 38.84 | 49.01 | 47.84 | 52.80 |
自然A1 | 5.41 | 4.12 | 3.84 | 5.84 | 5.41 | 5.12 |
经济A2 | 9.56 | 5.07 | 2.78 | 6.70 | 7.43 | 6.75 |
社会A3 | 13.02 | 8.67 | 5.93 | 9.07 | 8.11 | 9.25 |
资源A4 | 15.01 | 11.82 | 8.27 | 9.27 | 8.98 | 12.88 |
生态A5 | -0.97 | 0.40 | 2.23 | 1.99 | 1.98 | 1.82 |
文化A6 | 6.85 | 5.17 | 2.30 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.96 |
战略A7 | 15.32 | 11.81 | 13.49 | 14.78 | 14.55 | 15.02 |
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