Myanmar is a key neighbor for China and an important link in advancing the "Belt and Road" initiative, contributing to both domestic and international economic flows. Despite the border closures and restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, the New China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor has seen substantial progress. However, this development has not garnered the attention it deserves, as both national and Yunnan provincial governments continue to prioritize the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC). This oversight results from an incomplete understanding of the changes in Myanmar's geopolitical landscape since 2000. Using a framework for national geopolitical landscape analysis, this study examines Myanmar's basic national conditions, principal relationships, and inherent contradictions, revealing how Myanmar's geopolitical landscape has evolved due to the interplay of internal and external factors, cross-field interactions, and strategic games played by multiple geopolitical actors. Specifically, the study discusses the period from 2000 to 2010, characterized by external pressure and internal stability, and the years from 2011 to 2021, marked by external conflict and internal turmoil. The evolving geopolitical landscape in Myanmar has created favorable conditions for building the New China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor. From a geopolitical perspective, this paper explores the reasons behind the necessity of this new corridor and suggests a re-evaluation of China's spatial planning for major infrastructure projects in Myanmar given the country's shifting geopolitical context. The corridor's feasibility—whether measured by distance, time, costs, spatial distribution of domestic ethnic armed conflicts, or Myanmar's post-pandemic economic trends—suggests it is highly workable. In the short term, the new corridor can complement the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor, progressing concurrently; in the long term, it could gradually replace it as the main route for China-Myanmar trade. This study not only enhances understanding of the New China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor but also provides a scientific rationale for its vigorous promotion.
In the era of globalized geo-economics, international big channel are changing the way geo-economic elements flow across borders, expanding cooperation spaces such as ports and border-free trade zones to more distant inland areas and shaping new ways of cross-border geo-economic cooperation. As an international land and sea channel connecting China and Myanmar, the China-Myanmar Indian Ocean New Channel (hereinafter "the Channel") is of great importance for promoting geo-economic cooperation between the two countries and the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative. However, owing to various obstacles in geo-economic cooperation, the geo-economic effect of the Channel has not been effectively brought into play. In this study, the obstacles to geo-economic cooperation in the Channel and its collaborative mechanisms were analyzed to provide important scientific and technological support for enhancing its geo-economic effects and strengthening geo-economic cooperation between China and Myanmar. The natural geography of the region with its high mountains and deep valleys and the frequently occurring natural disasters are natural obstacles that limit the geo-economic effect of the Channel. Moreover, the difference in economic development between China and Myanmar is not conducive to the deepening of geo-economic cooperation in the Channel. Complex armed conflicts have disrupted the construction of the Channel and China's investment in its route, and the potential intervention of India and the United States will become an added constraint on its further development. Furthermore, the multiple stakeholders game in the construction of the Channel may bring geo-risks. Contrary to preconceived notions, geo-economic cooperation in the Channel is not a strategy for regional control, but rather to create an international trade corridor deeply related to transportation logistics, supply chains, industrial chains and value chains. To promote geo-economic cooperation in the Channel, its construction should be based on a multi-level collaborative mechanism for geo-economic cooperation. At the national level, the docking of development strategies between China and Myanmar should be strengthened by promoting integration of the Channel into the Belt and Road Initiative, strengthening the docking of China-Myanmar policy communication mechanisms, and formulating a long-term development strategy plan for the Channel. At the channel level, the geo-economic effect of the Channel should be upgraded by promoting the linkage of internal and external infrastructures, strengthening geo-economic element cross-border flow and industrial cooperation, and deepening economic and trade cooperation with Myanmar and the Indian Ocean region. At the stakeholder level, a consultation mechanism involving multi-stakeholder participation should be established by strengthening the docking of multi-stakeholder interests, coordinating the mechanism of China-Myanmar port docking, and creating a three-dimensional risk prevention mechanism for the Channel.
The construction of the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) out of Ruili and the China-Myanmar Indian Ocean New Corridor (CMIONC) out of Qingshuihe in Mengding has attracted much attention. The great contrast between the construction and development of the CMEC and the CMIONC has raised widespread concern in the academic community. Therefore, we developed a theory and framework of international corridor analysis based on the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), and conducted a comparative analysis of SWOT elements and key influencing factors between the CMEC and CMIONC (Ruili-Lashu and Mengding-Qingshuihe-Lashu) to reveal the differences between them and the key influencing factors of the CMIONC. We evaluated the comparative advantages of the CMEC and CMIONC and the geographic logic of focusing on various choices at different times. The study produced several important results: (1) There are significant differences in the key factors influencing the construction of the China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor in different spatial and temporal sequences. The key influencing factors in the historical domain have obvious geographic determinism, and the natural geographic environment and features represented by topography, elevation, rivers, geology, among others., profoundly influenced the construction of the China-Myanmar corridor in the early period. The key influencing factors in the actual domain are mostly the degree of human initiative and the degree of scientific and technological progress contributing to the construction of the corridor and the extent to which the corridor will be constructed. Whether the progress of science and technology can contribute to the "space-time compression" of the corridor construction is to be determined. Whether the subjective initiative and progress of science and technology can shorten the construction distance of the corridor and the construction period of key sections and whether it can enhance the degree of connection with the urban agglomerations and improve the transport network system should be analyzed. Furthermore, the key influencing factors in the future domain will be the growth and national discourse support of the corridor. These aspects include strategic positioning and long-term mechanisms to serve the country, the most direct national positioning of the channel, empowerment, and discourse policy support, and others. (2) Ruili and Qingshuihe of Mengding, as the Chinese exit ports of the China-Myanmar Indian Ocean Corridor, have focused on different geographic considerations at different times and have been subject to the influences and constraints of the dominant SWOT elements. Ruili (the "herringbone" corridor) is a type of resistance strategy adjustment, and the Mengding Qingshui River (new corridor) is a type of resistance strategy aggressiveness. (3) On the whole, the advantages and potentials of the line from the Mengding Qingshuihe River to Laxun (the new corridor) are more evident than those of the line from Ruili to Laxun ("herringbone" corridor), and the obstacles and difficulties are relatively small, which proves that the advantages are in Meng for the new corridor program. The "herringbone" corridor and the new corridor have prominent complementary characteristics, highlighting the scientific soundness and feasibility of the double "Y" axis corridor concept.
Since the 1990s, border security has been a pressing issue in political geography. With the increasing interactions between China and its neighboring countries, border security has increased the attention of scholars and government officials. Security issues along the China-Myanmar border are particularly eye-catching owing to Myanmar's fast-changing social and political reforms and unrest, as well as the complicated situation in Northern Myanmar that has gathered a large number of armed ethnic minorities. Tensions have resulted in prominent traditional and non-traditional security issues along the China-Myanmar border. Illegal cross-border trade is one non-traditional security problem in the region; specifically, illegal cross-border cattle trade is a particular but understudied case. This study investigates the actors, transportation, and social networks involved in illegal cross-border cattle trade. Using first-hand materials collected in the border area and secondary archives, the study analyzes the spatial and temporal features and operation mechanisms of smuggling. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From the perspective of the time stage, the study identifies approximately three stages. Before 2004, the illegal cross-border cattle trade, relying on kin relationships, was in its embryonic stage. From 2004 to 2018, the domestic beef market was in short supply, and the illegal cross-border cattle trade, this time relying on nepotism, gradually became more frequent, reaching 1.6-2 million heads per year and entering the development stage. Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2018 and 2020, owing to the enhanced border control, the volume of illegal cross-border trade has plummeted, decreasing by around tens of thousands to more than 100,000 each year, and then entering a period of extinction. (2) Spatially, illegal cross-border trade mainly comprises three routes: the northern, central, and southern routes, from northern India to China's Yunnan Province through northern Myanmar. Among the three routes, the middle route sees the largest number of cross-border cattle, among which, the cross-border flow of cattle from Myanmar through the Yunnan Ruili Nongdao channel is the largest, followed by the northern route; the southern route sees the lowest number. (3) The China-Myanmar illegal cross-border cattle trade relies on the trust bond, regulation, and enforcement mechanism provided by the natural geographical environment and cross-border nepotism, thus forming a complete social network trade chain. The study suggests methods to control illegal cross-border trade by simplifying formal trade and strengthening the construction of smart borders. The findings provide reference for the prevention and control of illegal cross-border trade. Although illegal cross-border cattle trade can be regarded as a type of illegal cross-border trade, owing to the large volume of live cattle, the transportation is more difficult, and it is easier to detect. As such, the choice of illegal cross-border routes is quite different from that of general small goods and is more obviously affected by natural geographical conditions and social and interpersonal network factors. Thus, illegal cross-border cattle trade provides a unique case study of the relations between illegal cross-border trade and human, physical, and geographical conditions.
Infrastructure and economic networks can be used to describe different dimensions of urban systems, and a close relationship exists between them. Therefore, it is important to study the dynamic coupling relationship between them to promote the formation and development of urban networks. Relevant studies have compared and analyzed the evolution characteristics of urban network structures from different dimensions; however, relatively few studies have focused on the dynamic coupling relationship between high-speed rail and remote investment networks. The formation and development of high-speed rail networks has become a key factor affecting remote investment networks, and the layout of a remote investment network also affects the development of a high-speed rail network. To this end, we used high-speed railway operation service data and related transaction data of listed companies from 2008 to 2023 to construct high-speed railway and remote investment networks reflecting intercity high-speed railway and enterprise remote investment connections, respectively. QAP correlation analysis was used to explore the overall correlation between the two networks. Using the quadrantal diagram method and the coupling coordination degree model, we discuss the spatiotemporal coupling coordination of the two networks, identify the types of cities and urban connections, and propose operational planning suggestions for cities and high-speed railways. The results indicate the following: 1) Both the scale and density of the high-speed rail network and the off-site investment network show a rapid growth trend, and the expansion of the high-speed rail network is significantly faster than that of the off-site investment network. There is a significant positive correlation between high-speed rail and the remote investment network as a whole, and the degree of correlation first increases and then decreases. 2) In terms of space, cities with the simultaneous development of high-speed rail and remote investment networks are primarily concentrated in the administrative and economic centers of the eastern region. However, cities with lagging high-speed rail networks are mainly located in non-transportation hub cities in the economically developed areas of the Pearl River Delta, Dalian, and Urumqi. Moreover, cities with advanced high-speed rail networks are mainly centered in the central and eastern regions around the main high-speed rail lines. 3) Cities with synchronous development of high-speed rail and remote investment networks are mainly located in developed cities within the five major urban agglomerations. The pairs of cities with lagging high-speed rail networks are mainly located between the core cities of different urban agglomerations. Pairs of cities with advanced high-speed rail networks are typically positioned between cities that are closer together and contain at least one city with a less developed economy. The relevant research results can provide policy support for China's high-speed rail operation planning and urban system construction.
Objective changes in people's lifestyles at different times of the day lead to changes in metro travel with respect to space and mode. Distinguishing the spatiotemporal heterogeneity characteristics of subway passenger flows at different times of the day can help guide urban functional renewal and intensive growth. Taking Shenzhen as a case study, this study examines the spatiotemporal dynamic fluctuation characteristics of subway passenger flow in terms of volume, direction, connection, and structure on weekdays, weekends, and holidays through spatiotemporal data mining and geospatial analysis from the network, station, and OD(Origin and Destination) perspectives. The results indicate the following: (1) From an overall perspective, three different types of subway passenger flow patterns exist on weekdays, holidays, and weekends: bimodal, flat peak, and small bimodal and flat peak composite patterns, respectively. Weekday subway ridership is significantly higher compared with weekends and holidays. The proportion of short-distance short-time and long-distance long-time trips increases slightly on holidays and weekends, conforming to the beta distribution. By contrast, commuter traffic remains the focus of the current subway operating system service. (2) From the station perspective, Shenzhen has only a few stations with significant differences in weekday and non-weekday patronage and sharing rates. Weekday passenger traffic is highly concentrated in residential and employment-oriented stations. Non-weekday passenger traffic is concentrated in transportation hubs and integrated stations. The high mix of land use around stations helps disperse passenger traffic and resist disturbance at different times. (3) From the OD perspective, OD passenger flow on the subway network has a power law distribution and significant hierarchical differentiation. On weekdays, subway OD passenger flow forms groups with business offices, higher education institutions, and popular business districts. On weekends, the intensity of subway OD passenger flow linkages shows varying degrees of attenuation, and the OD linkage for short-distance travel is more intense. On holidays, subway OD passenger flows form spatial linkage groups with external transportation hubs, popular scenic spots, and commercial centers as the core stations. The center of the metro topological network and that of passenger flow under different time periods are all characterized by spatial coupling. The diversification of travel on weekends and holidays, as well as the high-density mixed-development pattern in urban centers, has weakened the dependence of passenger flows on specific routes, showing a tendency to transition from the linear and multi-block on weekdays to the linear and whole block structure on holidays. This study is expected to provide a reference for the fine operation and organization of subways and the improvement of the quality of urban activity spaces.
The supply-demand relationship between the daily activities of urban residents and the environment is closely related to the quality of urban life. In the context of the interweaving and overlapping of old and new supply-demand contradictions, as well as the rapid development of new ideas and technologies, the complex supply-demand matching characteristics and influencing mechanisms of urban residents' daily activities and the environment need to be further clarified to provide useful reference for the optimization of urban living space quality. Using the theories of temporal-spatial behavior and space of flows, this study establishes the theoretical framework and measurement index of the supply demand relationship between daily activities and the environment. Based on the utilization of geographical big data, the ANP (Analysis Network Process)-CV (Coefficient of variation) weighting method, Random Forest regression model, and other technical means, an empirical analysis is carried out for the central urban area of Nanjing. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The supply-demand matching relationship between daily activities and the environment presents a composite spatial structure dominated by "center-periphery" relations and supplemented by "circle layer," style with significant polarization. 2) The supply-demand matching mechanism of daily activities and the environment is asymmetrical and non-sustainable. Daily activities are shaped more by the activity environment, in which the social environment plays a major role. At the same time, the trend of mutual promotion between supply and demand often does not lead to sustainable growth. 3) To a certain extent, in the central urban area of Nanjing, the distribution of daily activities and environmental factors, as well as their supply and demand relationships, have issues of one-way agglomeration and disorderly spread as well as the tension and inefficiency of supply and demand matching. A livable and inclusive social environment is the primary driving force affecting the level of daily activities, and the scale and intensity of activities are the main factors driving the enhancement of the environmental quality of activities. 4) The positive supply-demand interaction between daily activities and the environment should be promoted to improve the agglomeration and diffusion benefits of factors in the supply-demand network. According to the stages of the supply-demand development of the daily activities-environment system, flexible and diverse optimization paths should be selected to promote the high-quality sustainable development of supply and demand relations. Overall, this study makes certain innovations in the theoretical exploration and empirical analysis of the matching characteristics and the impact relationship between supply and demand. To match the feature recognition of supply and demand, the absolute level of supply and demand and relative benefit of supply and demand are presented simultaneously. To reveal the influence relationship, the significance, importance, and development trend of the nonlinear influence between supply and demand are thoroughly explored. Compared to related research on community life circles, this study covers the overall activity space of the city and considers different life activities and the multiscale spatial connections between life activities, which can more accurately and comprehensively reflect the panoramic living space of urban residents.
Off-site investment relations among enterprises often bring the flow of capital, logistics, talent, information, and technology across cities, representing a new avenue for studying the urban network. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are investigating urban networks from the perspective of firm relations. Most of these studies mainly use data from intra-firm branches or mega firms' investment to quantify the linkages among cities. However, these studies have neglected the linkages among small-sized enterprises that are often located in small and medium-sized cities, resulting in the lack of authenticity in establishing urban networks. Recently, a small amount of research has begun to use wholesale enterprises' off-site investment data to construct urban networks. However, such research has neglected the indirect linkages and transit effects on enterprise investment routes. Therefore, this study uses investment data of all-industry enterprises from the Industrial and Commercial Enterprise Registration Database to propose a new method for establishing a directed weighted urban network by identifying off-site investment routes among enterprises, which could fill the gap in constructing urban networks from the perspective of micro capital flow. To verify the evolutionary characteristics of urban network structure before and after the implementation of major policies, this study considers the Yangtze River Delta as the empirical study area. Wholesale enterprise investment data from 2006 to 2020 in the Yangtze River Delta are used to construct three urban networks in three time stages. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The growth model of the urban network scale shows that the growth of off-site investment routes drives the growth of off-site investment scale. The scale of enterprise nodes linked by off-site investment relations significantly increased from 2011 to 2015. However, after 2016, the proportion of off-site investment in the total investment of the Yangtze River Delta increased accordingly. (2) From the perspective of spatial patterns, the urban network of the study area has shifted from a polygonal network structure of interconnected core cities to a V-shaped structure centered around Shanghai, and then to a Z-shaped structure centered around Shanghai and Hangzhou. (3) In terms of network centrality, the cities exhibit a clear hierarchical structure. Although the network is evolving, the hierarchical structure has not changed significantly. However, the linkages between cities show a trend of clustering from low- to high-level cities. (4) In terms of network betweenness, the betweenness of most cities matches their centrality. Notably, the betweenness of Hefei and Wuhu is significantly stronger than their centrality. At different stages of the urban network evolution, cities with high betweenness, such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Hefei, play different intermediary roles in the network. This study constructs urban networks from a micro scale perspective of capital flow, thereby filling the gap in existing research. Additionally, unlike previous studies on urban networks that focus on static network structures, this study analyzes the structural evolution of urban networks based on long-term comprehensive data and verifies the characteristics of changes in the network structure, which has certain theoretical value and practical significance.
In China, public houses are properties that belong to the local government and are usually managed by the local Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. During the 1970s and the 1980s, these houses were used to provide shelters for incoming rural surplus laborers and low-income families who moved into the cities. Over time, problems with public houses, such as unclear property rights, the absence of management regulations, and long-term disrepair, have become increasingly serious. Managing public houses is a challenge faced by Guangzhou in the process of urban renewal. This study first reviews domestic and foreign examples of revitalizing public houses and research on the theory of "Urban Acupuncture," and then carries out further fieldwork and interviews on public houses in six typical districts of Guangzhou's old city zone. These results indicate that public houses play an important role in providing housing security to tenants. Tenants of such houses have a strong sense of belonging and trust in their communities and neighborhoods. This study summarizes three revitalization modes for public houses: selling public houses after renovation, transforming the use of public houses, and using public houses as affordable housing. It also proposes a strategy that uses public houses first as affordable houses, then for functional transformation, and selling public houses as the last choice for Guangzhou. Based on empirical researches and the methods of "Urban Acupuncture," the study further proposes an analysis model of stock public houses, and four steps of the revitalization path of public houses: (1) Find the problems of public houses through urban physical examination index analysis, big data analysis, residents satisfaction analysis, and so on, and analyze their modes of revitalization based on the analysis model of stock public houses; (2) conduct a house-to-house survey on tenants of these public houses, and select public houses with good reconstruction foundations whose tenants have strong willingness to revitalize and high degrees of cooperation as "acupuncture points"; (3) take continuous, gradual measures to stimulate these "acupuncture points" and influence other tenants of public houses with the same activation modes through social networks; (4) collect feedback from tenants, adjust strategies dynamically, enhance tenants' sense of identity and community belonging to treatment results, and form a positive interaction. It has three major innovations: (1) systematically summarizing domestic and foreign public housing disposal ways and " Urban Acupuncture " theory research progress, and providing a geographic analysis perspective for the theory of "Urban Acupuncture"; (2) providing empirical supports for the three activation modes,and a Guangzhou's strategy for to revitalize public houses; (3) summarizing an analysis framework of the activation mode mechanism of stock public houses from the perspective of humanism, an analysis model of stock public houses, and four steps of the revitalization path of public houses, which are highly enforceable. It is beneficial to the theory and practice on revitalization of public houses, which can also make public houses playing their parts as catalysts in domestic urban renewal process, stimulating motivation of community revitalization, solving housing problem of the minority, and implementing the idea that "we are the cities we make."
As a widely discussed topic in Western academic circles, post-productionism has become an important background for studying China's three agricultural problems. By carefully analyzing the origin, development, and practice of post-productionism, this study reveals the conceptual connotations and research status of post-productionism, which has theoretical value and practical significance for the study of China's three agricultural problems. The research through the research method of philology and the analysis of CiteSpace, the representative foreign core journals in Wed of Science with the theme of "post-productionism" were selected and summarized on the basis of data analysis.The research draws the following results: 1) This paper introduces the origin of post-productionism and summarizes the existing problems of agricultural production, rural ecology, and farmers' survival during the crisis, as well as the social expectation of the linear transformation of productionism to post-productionism. 2) On the basis of comprehensive research on the concept of "post-productionism," the conceptual domain of post-productionism is constructed from the four aspects of farmer's role, agricultural policy, farming technology and environmental impact, and three stages of conceptual research are proposed: the opposite stage, the coexistence stage and the subjective perspective stage, and compares it with the concept of "multifunctional agriculture," and points out the value of "paradigm shift" represented by post-productionism. 3) Comparing the post-productive rural practices of developed and developing countries, analyzing the common factors and regional differences between the post-productive rural practices of developed countries, sorting out the "post-productive phenomenon" of developing countries, and explaining the research objectives and necessity. On this basis, The paper further responds to the key question whether there is consistency between the "de-agriculturalization" in developing countries and the "post-productionism" in developed countries, and points out that there are some differences between the two in development stage, concept difference, connotation extension, expression form and fundamental value orientation. The conclusions are as following: 1) The development concept of Post-productionism is a positive response to productionism crises. Under the integration of common concepts, its global development path reflects the characteristics of "time-space difference" and "nonlinear transformation." Productionism and post-productionism are not "opposites," but will coexist and influence each other as two types of agricultural and rural management systems for a long time. Attention should also be paid to the fundamental role of change at the microactor level. 2) In relation to specific national conditions, the enlightenment of post-productionism in China's three rural problems is that we should pay attention to the research and judgment and grasp the opportunity of rural development, combine the overall promotion with key breakthroughs, continue to adhere to industrial revitalization as the goal, build a solid foundation for agricultural development, focus on promoting the development of secondary and tertiary industries, and focus on industrial integration. It is also necessary to deeply explore the multidimensional value of rural space, enrich the spatial attributes of rural areas, and promote rural development and urban-rural integration.
Against the background of the new phase of urban-rural integration and development in China, the importance of the translocal mindset has been increasingly highlighted. It has also been found that factors such as urban-rural factor flow, structural adjustment, and functional transformation have a series of effects on household livelihood resilience. Therefore, identifying rural-urban translocal household livelihood resilience characteristics and exploring the rural-urban population impact influx on rural household livelihood resilience are important guidelines for the formulation and implementation of policies related to new urbanization, regional agriculture, and rural areas. This study conducted in-depth field research in six villages spanning four counties and districts in Lishui City to identify the key characteristics of translocal households. It constructed an indicator system encompassing buffering capacity, self-organization, and learning ability, employed advanced mathematical methods such as the entropy method, comprehensive index method, and structural equation modeling to quantitatively measure the livelihood resilience of translocal families, and analyzed the characteristics of different types of translocal households' livelihood resilience in different regions and the influencing factors of translocal households' livelihood resilience in the context of population mobility. In addition, this study examined the most recent and pre-eminent scholarly works, profoundly incorporating their insights. This approach not only enhances the theoretical lens for examining the resilience of urban-rural cross-regional household livelihoods, but also provides a rigorous scientific basis for policy formulation. These authoritative references, characterized by their theoretical sophistication and empirical robustness, serve as a crucial source of inspiration and validation for this research, thereby assuming paramount significance in guiding the advancement of new urbanization and urban-rural integration. Based on the aforementioned study background, research methodology, and cited authoritative literature, this study drew the following conclusions: 1) Urban cross-locality significantly enhances the resilience level of rural families with poor transportation conditions and average economic development. However, for rural areas with better overall development, the impact of such rural-urban population migration is limited. The overall level of livelihood resilience of rural-urban cross-regional families in Lishui is moderate, with a mean score of 0.304, which is significantly higher than the mean value of 0.245 for non-cross-regional rural families. This difference is mainly reflected in the learning abilities of the family members. 2) The key to rural-urban cross-locality migration lies in the information flow transmitted by family members after migration. This greatly enhances the knowledge and information environment of the family, further increasing their livelihood resilience by optimizing their learning ability. The improvement in the information environment obtained through population migration has a greater impact on the family livelihood resilience level than capital flow, whereas material flow has no significant impact. 3) In addition to information flow, factors such as "proportion of migrant workers," "education level of migrant workers," "occupational stability of migrant workers," "number of vocational training times for migrant workers," and "income proportion of migrant workers" are also key factors affecting the livelihood resilience of cross-locality families. 4) The impact of population flow characteristics on resilience is the most significant, followed by information flow characteristics; furthermore, capital flow's impact is relatively low. However, there is no significant correlation between material flow characteristics and level of resilience of cross-regional family livelihoods. Besides strengthening their own capabilities, migrant workers conveying ideas and information about new technologies in the city to rural families is also an important factor improving the level of resilience in family livelihoods.
Expanding road infrastructure has caused severe fragmentation of wildlife habitats. Conducting wildlife habitat connectivity analyses and identifying potential locations for wildlife passages are valuable for regional ecological restoration and habitat protection. Taking Guangzhou as the study area, this study used a combination of the habitat suitability model, Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), and landscape connectivity index to identify and analyze wildlife habitats. Wildlife dispersal paths were extracted using hydrological analyses, and the potential sites for wildlife passages were identified. The results revealed the following: (1) The study identified 21 wildlife habitats in Guangzhou with a total area of about 1,074.39 km², which are scarce in number and area, and present an unbalanced pattern of "concentrated in the eastern and northern regions and scattered in the central and western regions." Wildlife habitats can maintain the relative stability of their internal ecological functions with a high proportion of perforation areas and edge areas. However, the insufficient number of small core areas around the wildlife habitat has caused a lack of small ecological spaces outside the habitat to provide ecological stepping stones, thus harming wildlife dispersal. (2) The overall connectivity of wildlife habitats in Guangzhou increases as the diffusion ability of wild animals enhances. Wild animals with low diffusion abilities are threatened by limited habitat ranges and insufficient gene exchange. (3) There are significant differences in the role of different habitat patches in maintaining the overall connectivity of wildlife habitats. This study identified four core patches and nine important patches that play irreplaceable roles in energy flow and material circulation in wildlife habitats. Therefore, based on the importance of the patches, it is recommended that a basic pattern is developed with core patches as the cornerstone of the ecosystem in Guangzhou and important patches as support. This will provide an effective reference for wildlife habitat conservation strategies and spatial planning in the region. (4) The wildlife dispersal paths are prone to path interruption and decreased dispersal levels in areas adjacent to construction sites and road infrastructure. In total, 221.94 km of first-level wildlife dispersal paths and 84.09 km of second-level dispersal paths have been identified. A total of 51 wildlife passages were identified, including 38 points located on primary wildlife dispersal paths. The identified wildlife passage sites are mainly located at forest edges and in cultivated areas with moderate habitat suitability that are vulnerable to human activities. Considering the potential risk of habitat quality deterioration in these areas in the future, there is an urgent need to implement strategies such as forest protection zone construction and wildlife passage construction, including underground culverts and road bridge overpasses. The construction of wildlife passages can effectively ensure unimpeded dispersal paths for wild animals while reducing the negative impact of road infrastructure on habitat connectivity. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for regional road infrastructure planning, ecological conservation, and restoration.
Knowledge complexity affects the heterogeneity of knowledge production and flow and has a considerable impact on the resilience evolution of regional innovation ecosystems. To explore the impact mechanism of knowledge complexity on regional innovation ecosystem resilience, we constructed a framework for measuring regional innovation ecosystem resilience from three dimensions: stability, adaptability, and transformability. We also explored the spatial evolution of innovation ecosystem resilience in the Pearl River Delta from 2010 to 2020 and the impact of knowledge complexity on regional innovation ecosystem resilience. Research has shown that: 1) knowledge complexity affects system resilience through the diversity of knowledge subset types, interdependence between subsets, and knowledge space stickiness, absorption, and competition effects; 2) from 2010 to 2020, the resilience of the innovation ecosystem in the Pearl River Delta has significantly improved, gradually forming a spatial pattern with Shenzhen and Guangzhou as the core, with high resilience in the central region and low resilience in the eastern and western regions. The difference in resilience between the central, western, and eastern regions is becoming increasingly significant; 3) The spatial pattern of different resilience dimensions shows higher stability and adaptability in the central region, higher transformability in the eastern region, and lower resilience in all three dimensions in the western region. The stability shows a stable structure of "high in the central region and low in the eastern and western regions," the adaptability shows a stable structure of "high in the central north and central eastern regions, low in the central southern, eastern and western regions," the transformability shows a development trend from "high in the central and eastern regions, and low in the western region" to "high in the central eastern and eastern regions, and low in the central western and western regions"; and 4) Knowledge complexity has a significant positive effect on the innovation ecosystem resilience in the Pearl River Delta, with a significant positive and negative impact on system's stability and adaptability and transformability, respectively. Knowledge complexity has a significant positive impact on innovation ecosystem resilience in the Pearl River Delta by promoting industrial structure upgrading, technological progress, and policy environment optimization. Analyzing the resilience differences and imbalanced evolution of the innovation ecosystem in the Pearl River Delta from the perspective of knowledge complexity can provide new methods and empirical evidence for exploring the impact of heterogeneity in knowledge production and flow on regional resilience evolution and theoretical construction. It can also provide a practical reference for local governments to introduce resilience governance goals for innovative ecosystems based on regional knowledge development capabilities and formulate targeted resilience enhancement strategies.
The digital economy, an important driving force for high-quality development in China, has great potential in empowering the cultural-tourism industry and promoting the high-quality development of digital culture tourism, which is key to scientifically examining the coordinated and adaptive relationship between the digital economy and cultural-tourism industry integration. This study constructed a comprehensive evaluation system based on the framework of coordinated development between the two systems. It used a coordinated relationship measurement model and exploratory spatial data analysis to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of the coordinated digital economy and cultural-tourism industry integration between 2011 and 2020 in China. This study also identified its influencing factors using Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR). First, in terms of temporal evolution, the coordination index of China's digital economy and cultural tourism industry has maintained an upward trend, increasing from extremely low coordination (0.180) in 2011 to low-level coordination (0.279) in 2020. However, provincial differences still exist. Second, in terms of spatial distribution, there is a stable "east-central-west" decreasing gradient structure, with significant spatial coordination and agglomeration characteristics; hotspots and sub hotspots of the coordinated relationship are mainly concentrated in eastern and central China, while sub cold spots and cold spots mostly come from western and northeastern China. Third, each explanatory variable has a positive effect on the coordinated relationship between the digital economy and cultural-tourism industry integration. The high-value areas of government regulation and human capital showed a trend of spreading from east to west at the end of the research period. This indicated a significant promoting effect on the level of coordination development, while the urbanization level, technical capabilities, and Internet supply capacity showed a more significant driving effect in central and western China, with greater advantages in cultural and tourism resource endowment and more potential for development. This study constructed an analytical framework based on a collaborative development perspective for the coordinated relationship between the digital economy and cultural-tourism industry integration; it conducted empirical research to compensate for the limitations of the current research. This study also incorporated spatial analysis methods to examine the spatial correlation characteristics of the coordination relationship regarding the integration of the digital economy and cultural tourism industries, thereby expanding the conclusions of previous research based on econometric methods. Additionally, the regional heterogeneity of factors influencing the coordination relationship between the digital economy and cultural tourism industry integration was analyzed, and customized policy implications were proposed based on the research conclusions. Overall, this study provides an essential reference value for grasping the coordination relationship between the digital economy and cultural-tourism industry integration and for achieving high-quality development of digital cultural tourism.
Against the backdrop of a new development paradigm and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, China's economy has demonstrated remarkable resilience and vitality in its ongoing recovery. This resilient economic performance has not only facilitated the sustainable development of China's economy, but has also emerged as a potent driving force for broader social and economic transformation. Consequently, investigating the spatiotemporal distribution of cultural tourism integration and economic resilience along with their interactive relationship holds profound significance for advancing high-quality economic development in China. Despite its importance, the intricate relationship between cultural-tourism integration and economic resilience remains largely unexplored. This study addresses this gap by utilizing panel data from cultural and tourism industries spanning 31 provinces in China from 2003 to 2020. Employing the entropy method, coupling coordination degree model, and PVAR model, we comprehensively measured the coupling coordination degree of culture and tourism along with the economic resilience index. The findings reveal several key insights. (1) The overall coupling coordination degree of culture and tourism showed a fluctuating upward trend in China, but it exhibited a disordered state that transitioned from moderate to mild disharmony. Notably, there was a spatial distribution pattern with higher levels observed in the east and lower levels in the west in China. (2) The economic resilience index showed a slow upward trend in China, and significant regional differences in space generally followed a decreasing distribution pattern from east to middle to west. The mean of the economic resilience index shows a slow upward trend, and the changing trend in the mean of economic resilience across all dimensions is consistent. However, the growth rate of the total mean of the economic resilience index was higher than that of all the sub-dimensions. The means of the defense and recovery, adaptability and adjustment, and innovation and transformation dimensions showed a slow upward trend. (3) Despite the impact of major health events, the overall degree of coupling coordination of culture and tourism and the economic resilience index in 2020 surpassed the levels recorded in 2003. (4) Culture-tourism integration and economic resilience has a negative impact on each other, mainly in the short term across the country as well as in the eastern, central, and western regions. However, their long-term influence gradually weakened. The degree of negative interaction between cultural tourism and economic resilience among three regions in China is: Eastern > Central > Western. This study elucidates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the integration of culture and tourism with economic resilience, uncovering their short-term negative impacts on each other. By expanding the research scope of high-quality development, our findings could provide a valuable decision-making reference for solving the developmental difficulties of cultural-tourism integration and strengthening regional economic resilience and have practical significance for scientifically steering the integration of culture and tourism development and promoting economic resilience amid the new development paradigm in China. This study provides decision-making reference value for solving the dilemma of cultural-tourism integration and strengthening regional economic resilience.
