Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Function Evolution in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Received date: 2019-09-03
Request revised date: 2019-10-09
Online published: 2019-11-08
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The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has become the most important national strategic zone in China because of its key engine-like role for economic growth as well as being the most advanced global mega-city region in China. The mega-city region development is based on reasonable labor division and cooperation between cities. Cities should focus on their strengths and boost regular competition to promote the coordinated development of the entire region. This study examines the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which includes 19 national economic industries that are divided into 11 city functional types. Based on the data concerning the industry practitioners in each city in 2003 and 2017, this study uses the location quotient index, urban basic service scale measurement method, and Nelson urban functional intensity index to analyze the dynamic evolution of city functions in 2003 and 2017 from the perspective of three elements of urban functions. Further, the influence factors of evolution are analyzed according to the economic, political, and social aspects. First, the urban agglomeration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is dominated by the manufacturing and production services, with a high specialization level being observed for the manufacturing and service functions, and the evolution of these functions exhibits obvious spatial heterogeneity and industry differences. Second, at the regional level, the basic functions of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area include the manufacturing industry, commerce, real estate industry, leasing business services, and software information services, whereas the non-basic functions include transportation, finance, scientific research and technology, education, culture and health, and other services and industrial functions. The functions of the service industry are observed to be significantly enhanced from 2003 to 2017. Third, at the city-scale level, the urban functions of the Greater Bay Area are primarily undertaken by the four major central cities of Hong Kong, Macao, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, with uneven development being observed between the central and peripheral cities. However, the status of the manufacturing function in central cities declined with the rapid growth of the producer service functions and high specialization levels. In particular, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, which are two core cities in the Pearl River delta, have rapidly improved their functional status and exhibit comparatively increasing advantages with respect to transportation, software information, leasing businesses, and scientific research and technology, challenging the functional status of Hong Kong and Macao. However, the remaining node cities are dominated by the manufacturing functions, and their service functions exhibit a relatively low level of specialization. Foshan, Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Huizhou are cities that dominate with respect to the manufacturing industries, whereas Zhuhai exhibits a relatively good service function development and can build a sub-center of services in the bay area. Jiangmen and Zhaoqing have improved their functions; however, their urban influences and strengths are weak. Fourth, the evolution of urban functions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is primarily influenced by the urban location conditions, the economic development level, the regional development policies and strategies, the economic globalization, and the most recent round of technological revolutions. In the future, policymakers and planners should focus on achieving a reasonable division of the urban landscape by relying on information technology to promote the development of the integration of manufacturing and services, promoting the transformation and upgradation of industries, and accelerating the regional system innovation and cooperation to achieve high-quality integrated development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
Yuanping Fang , Ting Peng , Lianxin Lu , Doudou Bi , Zaiqi Chen . Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Function Evolution in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. Tropical Geography, 2019 , 39(5) : 647 -660 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003183
表1 2003、2017年粤港澳大湾区城市群城市职能部门区位商Tab.1 Location entropy of functional divisions of urban agglomeration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2003 and 2017 |
年份 | 基本职能 | 非基本职能 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
制造业 | 商业 | 房地产 | 租赁和商务服务 | 软件信息 | 其他工业 | 交通运输 | 金融业 | 科研技术 | 教育文卫 | 其他服务 | |
2003年 | 1.26 | 2.21 | 1.17 | 1.22 | 0.95 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0.43 |
2017年 | 1.53 | 2.66 | 1.23 | 1.44 | 1.07 | 0.21 | 0.77 | 0.42 | 0.66 | 0.36 | 0.53 |
差值 | +0.27 | +0.45 | +0.06 | +0.21 | +0.12 | –0.09 | +0.18 | –0.06 | +0.43 | +0.08 | +0.10 |
表2 2003、2017年粤港澳大湾区城市群和全国分行业就业人口占比Tab.2 Percentage of employment in specialized sectors of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and China in 2003 and 2017 % |
区域 | 制造业 | 其他工业 | 交通运输 | 软件信息 | 金融业 | 租赁商务 | 科研技术 | 房地产 | 商业 | 教育文卫 | 其他服务 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大湾区 城市群 | 2003年 | 35.22 | 4.4 | 3.11 | 1.01 | 1.54 | 2.02 | 0.45 | 1.32 | 17.93 | 5.07 | 5.12 |
2017年 | 40.63 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.56 | 4.38 | 1.54 | 3.1 | 19.39 | 5.37 | 5.81 | |
差值 | 5.41 | -0.60 | 0.29 | 1.39 | 0.02 | 2.36 | 1.09 | 1.78 | 1.46 | 0.30 | 0.69 | |
全国 | 2003年 | 27.95 | 14.67 | 5.28 | 1.06 | 3.18 | 1.65 | 1.97 | 1.13 | 8.11 | 17.98 | 11.96 |
2017年 | 26.53 | 18.3 | 4.41 | 2.24 | 3.74 | 3.04 | 2.34 | 2.52 | 7.3 | 14.76 | 10.91 | |
差值 | –1.42 | 3.63 | –0.87 | 1.18 | 0.56 | 1.39 | 0.37 | 1.39 | –0.81 | –3.22 | –1.05 |
表3 2003、2017年粤港澳大湾区城市群与全国职能部门职能强度指数变化Tab.3 Changes of nelson index in China and urban agglomeration in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2003 and 2017 |
区域 | 年份 | 基本职能 | 非基本职能 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
制造业 | 商业 | 房地产 | 租赁商务 | 软件信息 | 其他工业 | 交通运输 | 金融业 | 科研技术 | 教育文卫 | 其他服务 | ||
大湾区 城市群 | 2003 | 0.81 | 4.05 | 0.84 | -0.55 | 0.13 | -1.14 | -0.63 | -1.77 | -0.89 | -2.04 | -1.90 |
2017 | 1.30 | 4.03 | 0.95 | 1.58 | 0.96 | -1.44 | -0.12 | -1.16 | -0.10 | -1.92 | -1.25 | |
差值 | 0.49 | -0.02 | 0.11 | 2.13 | 0.83 | -0.30 | 0.52 | 0.61 | 0.78 | 0.12 | 0.65 | |
全国 | 2003 | 0.23 | 0.47 | 0.52 | -0.60 | 0.24 | -0.12 | 0.36 | -0.17 | 0.55 | -0.39 | -0.47 |
2017 | 0.27 | 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.74 | 0.81 | -0.04 | 0.35 | -0.10 | 0.53 | -0.61 | -0.62 | |
差值 | 0.04 | 0.09 | -0.03 | 1.34 | 0.58 | 0.08 | -0.01 | 0.07 | -0.02 | -0.22 | -0.15 |
表4 2003、2017年粤港澳大湾区各城市职能要素变化Tab.4 Three elements of the functions of each city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2003 and 2017 |
城市 | 2003年 | 2017年 |
---|---|---|
香港 | 114.03(交通运输1.51,金融3.17,房地产4.92,商业13.4) | 133.48交通运输1.06,房地产1.96,金融1.72,租赁商务5.25,商业8.80) |
澳门 | 5.11(交通运输1.15,商业7.37) | 17.39(租赁商务3.84,商业6.05,教育文卫1.83) |
广州 | 70.91(软件信息1.22,商业3.79) | 218(交通运输1.02,软件信息1.34,租赁商务1.11,房地产1.71,商业5.87) |
深圳 | 188.93(制造2.36,软件信息2.19,房地产3.09,商业5.39) | 361.44(制造1.26,房地产1.93,软件信息2.83,租赁商务3.04,商业5.45) |
佛山 | 98.36(制造2.33,商业3.44) | 168.13(制造2.21,商业4.04) |
东莞 | 13.38(制造1.15) | 286.56(制造3.19,商业1.08) |
珠海 | 29.68(制造1.21,软件信息1.53,商业7.88) | 30.04(制造1.36,房地产1.74,软件信息1.59,商业3.22) |
惠州 | 17.49(制造2.97) | 90.65(制造2.82,商务服务1.57,房地产1.92,商业1.21) |
中山 | 48.67(制造1.89,商业5.17) | 89.88(制造2.87,商业2.56) |
江门 | 4.24(商业1.20) | 40.01(商业2.75) |
肇庆 | 0 | 0 |
图2(续) 2003、2017年粤港澳大湾区城市职能部门的空间演变格局Fig.2 Spatial variation of specialized sectors of cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2003 and 2017 |
图2(续) 2003、2017年粤港澳大湾区城市职能部门的空间演变格局Fig.2 Spatial variation of specialized sectors of cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in 2003 and 2017 |
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