The influence of Subways on Service Industry Agglomeration: Taking Guangzhou as an Example
Received date: 2020-08-24
Revised date: 2020-11-03
Online published: 2021-02-19
Agglomeration is an important feature of the spatial distribution of an urban internal service industry. Most of the previous studies on the influencing factors of urban internal service industry agglomeration have ignored traffic factors, especially the influence of subways. The improvement of traffic convenience can often affect the location of a service industry by gathering a flow of people. With the rapid growth in the number of China's metro cities, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of subways on the service industry activities within the city. In addition, most of the previous literature has not considered the spatial dependence of service activities, and there is little discussion on the heterogeneity of the service industry. In view of this, based on POI(Point of Information) data in Guangzhou as an example, this study uses a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model to identify the impact of subways on service industry agglomeration and analyzes the heterogeneity of different types of service industry. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Using Moran's I to measure the spatial correlation of Guangzhou's service industry agglomeration, the results indicate strong spatial correlation characteristics. In addition, according to the regression results of the SAR model, the spatial lag coefficient is significantly positive, which indicates that the service industry agglomeration has a considerable spatial dependence. Specifically, the degree of local service industry agglomeration will increase with an improvement in the surrounding areas. 2) The opening of subways has a significant positive impact on the spatial agglomeration of Guangzhou's service industry, which could increase the agglomeration levels in urban areas. One possible reason for this is that subways bring a floating population and reduce transaction costs. 3) There are different industries within the service industry, each of which has varying characteristics; thus, the impact of subways is heterogeneous, specifically as follows: the impact of a subway opening is higher on the wholesale and retail industry, accommodation and catering industry, and other life services than on other service industries but not significant on scientific research and technical services. 4) The impact of the metro on service industry agglomeration is also affected by the level of regional economic development. In areas with a higher level of economic development, the promotion effect of the metro on service industry agglomeration is more obvious. 5) Finally, a metro transfer station has a higher impact than a non-transfer station. One possible reason for this is that a metro transfer station is the intersection of multiple metro lines, which can often attract a greater flow of people and promote the flow of production factors, making service industry agglomeration more likely. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: first, taking Guangzhou, which has a well-developed metro network, as an example, this study evaluates the impact of the metro on service industry agglomeration and analyzes industry heterogeneity. Second, on the basis of constructing a spatial distance matrix of each economic unit, when considering the spatial dependence of service activities, the method of spatial economics was used to investigate the impact of subways on service industry agglomeration; third, taking big data represented by POIs as the source data, and taking streets and towns as the units of analysis, it more objectively and accurately reflects the spatial distribution characteristics of service industry agglomeration in cities.
Hongping Zhu , Wentao Zhu , Rongbao Zheng . The influence of Subways on Service Industry Agglomeration: Taking Guangzhou as an Example[J]. Tropical Geography, 2021 , 41(1) : 114 -123 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003307
表1 POI数据的服务业行业分类Table 1 Service industry’s classification of POI data |
| 行业分类 | POI数据内容 |
|---|---|
| 批发与零售 | 便利店、超市、商场、服装鞋帽皮具店、个人用品店、花鸟鱼虫市场、家电电子卖场、家居建材市场、特色商业街、体育用品店、文化用品店、专卖店、综合市场、充电站、充气站、加油站、摩托车销售、二手车销售、汽车配件销售、汽车装饰 |
| 交通运输、仓储邮政 | 汽车站、火车站、机场、公交车站、交通票销售网点、邮局、邮局速递、物流速递、物流仓储场地 |
| 住宿与餐饮 | 中餐厅、西餐厅、快餐厅、咖啡厅、茶艺馆、冷饮店、糕饼店、甜品店、宾馆、酒店、招待所 |
| 信息传输、软件和信息技术服务 | 中国移动营业厅、中国电信营业厅、中国联通营业厅 |
| 金融保险 | 银行、证券公司、保险公司、财务公司、期货公司、自动提款机 |
| 房地产 | 商务写字楼、住宅小区、售楼中心、房地产中介、物业公司 |
| 租赁和商务服务 | 汽车租赁公司、机械租赁公司、日用品租赁公司、旅行社、广告公司、事务所 |
| 科学研究和技术服务 | 科教文化机构 |
| 水利环境和公共设施管理 | 公园、广场、动物园、植物园、水族馆、纪念馆、环卫中转站、公共厕所 |
| 居民服务修理和其他服务 | 美容美发、洗浴、汽车摩托车维修、日用品和家电维修、洗衣店、婚庆、殡葬、保洁 |
| 教育 | 幼儿园、小学、中学、大学院校、培训机构、成人教育、职业技术教育 |
| 卫生和社会工作 | 医院、诊所、急救中心、疾病预防机构、动物医疗场所 |
| 文化体育和娱乐 | 科技馆、博物馆、档案馆、期刊杂志社、运动场馆、娱乐休闲场所、度假疗养场 |
| 公共管理社会保障和社会组织 | 政府机关、社会团体、民主党派、公检法机构、交通车辆管理、工商税务机构 |
表2 广州地铁线不同缓冲区内的服务业数量Table 2 Number of service industries in different buffer zones of subway lines in Guangzhou |
| 缓冲区半径/m | POI数量/个 | 百分比/% |
|---|---|---|
| 0~250 | 52 886 | 22.21 |
| 250~500 | 42 748 | 17.95 |
| 500~750 | 30 360 | 12.75 |
| 750~1 000 | 20 809 | 8.74 |
| >1 000 | 91 333 | 38.35 |
表3 各变量描述统计Table 3 Descriptive statistics of each variable |
| 变量 | 样本数 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lnSer | 170 | 5.080 | 1.878 | -0.310 | 7.724 |
| Metro | 170 | 0.297 | 0.556 | 0 | 3.101 |
| lnBas | 170 | 1.980 | 0.940 | -0.750 | 3.588 |
| lnRes | 170 | -0.221 | 1.840 | -4.644 | 3.686 |
| lnPop | 167 | 8.568 | 3.252 | 3.711 | 11.305 |
| lnEdu | 167 | 2.707 | 0.773 | 0.503 | 4.489 |
表4 OLS检验结果Table 4 OLS inspection results |
| 检验方式 | 自由度 | 统计量 | P值 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lagrange Multiplier(lag) | 1 | 40.170 | 0.000 |
| Robust LM(lag) | 1 | 24.963 | 0.000 |
| Lagrange Multiplier(error) | 1 | 15.645 | 0.000 |
| Robust LM(error) | 1 | 0.438 | 0.508 |
| Lagrange Multiplier(SARMA) | 2 | 40.608 | 0.000 |
表5 SAR回归结果Table 5 SAR regression results |
| 变量 | 模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | 模型(5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W_lnSER | 0.906***(0.029) | 0.582***(0.050) | 0.506***(0.054) | 0.410***(0.053) | 0.404***(0.053) |
| Metro | 0.230***(0.058) | 0.222***(0.052) | 0.225***(0.050) | 0.221***(0.046) | 0.199***(0.047) |
| lnBas | 0.409***(0.047) | 0.346***(0.049) | 0.190***(0.052) | 0.194***(0.052) | |
| lnRes | 0.161***(0.041) | 0.137***(0.038) | 0.130***(0.038) | ||
| lnPop | 0.308***(0.051) | 0.136***(0.051) | |||
| lnEdu | 0.187***(0.097) | ||||
| 常数项 | -0.128***(0.044) | -0.125***(0.039) | -0.128***(0.038) | -0.126***(0.035) | -0.113***(0.035) |
| R² | 0.862 | 0.896 | 0.903 | 0.918 | 0.920 |
| Loglikelihood | -95.931 | -55.310 | -47.849 | -31.490 | -29.637 |
| AIC | 197.861 | 118.620 | 105.697 | 74.979 | 73.273 |
| SC | 207.286 | 131.187 | 121.406 | 93.829 | 95.265 |
|
表6 分行业回归结果Table 6 Regression results by industry |
| 服务业细分行业 | 控制变量 | 地铁变量系数 | z值统计量 | R² |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 批发与零售 | YES | 0.260***(0.067) | 3.879 | 0.837 |
| 交通运输、仓储邮政 | YES | 0.231***(0.057) | 4.067 | 0.882 |
| 住宿与餐饮 | YES | 0.239***(0.056) | 4.265 | 0.886 |
| 信息传输、软件和信息技术服务 | YES | 0.227***(0.071) | 3.209 | 0.811 |
| 金融保险 | YES | 0.202***(0.058) | 3.477 | 0.878 |
| 房地产 | YES | 0.184***(0.051) | 3.580 | 0.905 |
| 租赁和商务服务 | YES | 0.152***(0.055) | 2.757 | 0.889 |
| 科学研究和技术服务 | YES | 0.086(0.091) | 0.943 | 0.644 |
| 水利环境和公共设施管理 | YES | 0.072**(0.039) | 1.843 | 0.945 |
| 居民服务修理和其他服务 | YES | 0.226***(0.055) | 4.091 | 0.889 |
| 教育 | YES | 0.203***(0.052) | 3.917 | 0.903 |
| 卫生和社会工作 | YES | 0.224***(0.055) | 4.063 | 0.890 |
| 文化体育和娱乐 | YES | 0.159***(0.049) | 3.261 | 0.913 |
| 公共管理社会保障和社会组织 | YES | 0.170***(0.052) | 3.256 | 0.902 |
|
表7 区域异质性回归结果Table 7 Regression results of regional heterogeneity |
| 变量 | 经济水平>中位数 | 经济水平<中位数 |
|---|---|---|
| W_lnSER | 0.268***(0.075) | 0.269***(0.113) |
| Metro | 0.201***(0.071) | 0.159***(0.069) |
| lnBas | 0.161***(0.072) | 0.314***(0.079) |
| lnRes | 0.193**(0.057) | 0.128***(0.049) |
| lnPop | 0.230**(0.054) | 0.155***(0.053) |
| lnEdu | 0.244*(0.147) | 0.037(0.148) |
| 常数项 | -0.121***(0.057) | -0.007***(0.054) |
| R² | 0.886 | 0.730 |
| Loglikelihood | -22.307 | -7.307 |
| AIC | 58.614 | 28.614 |
| SC | 75.713 | 45.795 |
|
表8 换乘站与非换乘站回归结果Table 8 Regression results of transfer stations and non-transfer stations |
| 变量 | 换乘站集聚效应 | 非换乘站集聚效应 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型(1) | 模型(2) | 模型(3) | 模型(4) | ||
| W_lnSer | 0.818***(0.060) | 0.233***(0.078) | 0.790***(0.097) | 0.279***(0.115) | |
| Metro | 0.313**(0.182) | 0.213**(0.061) | 0.246***(0.053) | 0.188***(0.044) | |
| 常数项 | -0.208**(0.084) | -0.014***(0.050) | -0.026**(0.067) | 0.049**(0.065) | |
| 控制变量 | 否 | 是 | 否 | 是 | |
| R² | 0.669 | 0.875 | 0.605 | 0.763 | |
| Log likelihood | -74.355 | -26.361 | -26.232 | -1.636 | |
| AIC | 154.710 | 64.721 | 58.465 | 17.272 | |
| SC | 162.038 | 79.377 | 65.828 | 34.453 | |
|
表9 稳健性检验回归结果Table 9 Regression results of robustness test |
| 变量 | 模型(1) | 模型(2) |
|---|---|---|
| W_lnSer | 0.806***(0.050) | 0.245***(0.059) |
| Metro_dens | 0.308***(0.041) | 0.094***(0.033) |
| 常数项 | -0.078***(0.039) | -0.024***(0.027) |
| 控制变量 | 否 | 是 |
| R² | 0.743 | 0.881 |
| Log likelihood | -132.094 | -60.749 |
| AIC | 270.189 | 135.498 |
| SC | 279.614 | 157.489 |
|

1 数据来源:广州地铁集团有限公司. 广州地铁2009—2019年报. http://www.gzmtr.com/ygwm/gsgk/qynb/
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