Representation and Creation of Foodscape on Local Social Memory: A Case Study of A Bite of China
Received date: 2020-08-24
Revised date: 2020-11-10
Online published: 2021-06-24
With the continuous collision of localization and globalization, the transmutation and development of local culture is constantly advancing. Ethnic and cultural borders are blurred, so that social memory is gradually lost. How to maintain the uniqueness of the destination is worth thinking about for destination marketing organizations. In this context, foodscape is deemed to establish the vivid branding image of the destination and plays a significant role in the process of creating social memory. With the rapid evolution of digital technology and mass media, the impact of videos is becoming increasingly obvious. Documentary is one of the most significant ways to save and share social memory, and its greatest feature is that it is drawn from the real living environment. A Bite of China ismore well-known compared with many other domestic and foreign food documentaries because of its strong humanistic spirituality. Thus, we use commentary and interview texts of A Bite of China as research materials. In this article, sentiment analysis, sematic network analysis, and ground theory are applied to analyze the video material, which aims to illustrate the representation and creation of foodscape on social memory. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) In terms of the results of sentiment analysis, people mainly have a positive attitude toward daily food experience. The formation of social memory is based on people's self-awareness and emotional cognition. People's emotional identity forms the mainstream ideology of society and frames the development orientation of social memory. (2) According to the semantic network diagram, food taste, food culture, and family are the most significant in people's memory, which enrich the connotation of social memory. Moreover, from the perspective of time-space dimension, people can activate the path of retaining social memory and construct memorial space via ancient books, anecdotes, bodily practices, and memorial ceremonies; (3) Finally, the representation of foodscape on social memory is divided into three dimensions: environmental, functional, and emotional. First, as far as environmental memory is concerned, a specific food environment can evoke people's memory, which plays a basic role in the formation of social memory. Second, in terms of functional memory, food relies on various carriers with distinctive features, such as villages, classics, legends, customs, and folk songs, which can play social and cultural functions. Third, emotional memory emphasizes the symbolism and emotional value of food, which plays a leading role in the formation of social memory. Overall, the study reveals the mechanism of creation of foodscape on social memory. On the one hand, the research, particularly localized research, enlarges and enriches the study on food and memories. On the other hand, the role of mass media must be recognized. Additionally, destination marketing organizations ought to take active steps to create local foodscape for locals and tourists.
Wenjing Yu , Yongrui Guo , Xinyi Hou . Representation and Creation of Foodscape on Local Social Memory: A Case Study of A Bite of China[J]. Tropical Geography, 2021 , 41(3) : 495 -504 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003339
表1 记忆主体情感特征分析Table 1 Emotional analysis of interviewees |
情绪类型 | 区间 | 样本量/个 | 占比/% | 总样本量/个 | 占比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
积极情绪 | 一般(0,10] | 22 | 20.37 | 89 | 82.41 |
中度(10,20] | 28 | 25.93 | |||
高度(20,+∞) | 39 | 36.11 | |||
中性情绪 | 0 | 8 | 7.41 | 8 | 7.41 |
消极情绪 | 一般[-10,0) | 9 | 8.33 | 11 | 10.18 |
中度[-20,-10) | 1 | 0.93 | |||
高度(-∞,-20) | 1 | 0.93 | |||
总计 | 108 | 100 |
表2 情感词高频词Table 2 High-frequency emotional words |
情感词 | 频数/次 | 情感词 | 频数/次 | 情感词 | 频数/次 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
美味 | 88 | 独特 | 27 | 复杂 | 15 |
丰富 | 58 | 完美 | 25 | 幸福 | 14 |
新鲜 | 53 | 最佳 | 22 | 精心 | 14 |
最好 | 48 | 享受 | 21 | 辛苦 | 12 |
秘密 | 43 | 营养 | 20 | 甘甜 | 12 |
习惯 | 37 | 熟悉 | 18 | 严格 | 11 |
智慧 | 29 | 温暖 | 17 | 短暂 | 10 |
成熟 | 29 | 珍贵 | 15 | 刺激 | 10 |
表3 原始资料的概念化和范畴化(部分举例)Table 3 Conceptualization and categorization of original materials (Examples) |
原始语句 | 概念化 | 范畴 |
---|---|---|
阳光的暴晒能够增加菌的活力;海水晒盐依赖阳光和流动的空气;多变的气候和富含微量元素的土壤是辣椒生长的天堂…… | 充足的阳光的和空气;富含微量元素的土壤…… | g1生长条件 |
中国以秦岭、淮河一线划分出南稻北麦的农业分布格局;小麦,作为曾经改变人类文明进程的作物,拥有世界上最广泛的种植面积…… | 地理位置和跨度;种植面积;海拔高度…… | g2空间分布 |
绍兴人离不开酱油,这几乎是绍兴人最醒目的一种味觉标记;从阿植记事起,门前这个木桶散发出的甜蜜烟熏味一路伴随他长大…… | 味觉标记;甜蜜烟熏味;醇厚鲜香;鲜美…… | g10食物味道 |
下沙村民正在举行祭祖仪式,伴随祭祀的是一场宴席;每一穗青稞的成长都意味深长,望果节在青稞成熟前举行,是一年中最盛大的节日…… | 祭祀活动;时令生活;节日庆祝…… | g16传统习俗 |
爱茶的王俯耕用心制茶,也有着茶农们以茶入菜的习惯;嗜臭,于是也称为徽菜的一个独有特征;各种奶食几乎成为草原上的主食…… | 吃法;口味偏好;日常烹制手法;主食…… | g18饮食习惯 |
他们将饮食调养的心得进一步化为了人际间的互助与社会的公益;左邻右舍的妇女们早有默契,轮流帮助每一个家庭制作泡菜…… | 互帮互助;人情往来;团队协作…… | g21辅助交际 |
…… | …… | …… |
这种别具一格的糕点已经不是单纯的食物,而是更高层次的,对生活情趣的审美;饮食器具的设计是艺术的综合,既要考虑到瓷器的釉彩质地与装盛食物的食材色彩彼此呼应,还有了解饮食空间的布局…… | 生活情趣;器具设计与搭配;精致的美食态度…… | g23审美品味 |
中国的豆腐在“清寡”中暗含了某种精神层面的气质;江南,一如昆区和园林,点心也深得这方水土的灵气…… | 清寡;灵气;泼辣;隐忍;低调…… | g28食物隐喻 |
表4 主轴性编码结果Table 4 The result of axial coding |
主范畴 | 范畴 |
---|---|
G1自然环境 | g1生长条件;g2空间分布 |
G2社会环境 | g3收入来源;g4经济发达;g5区域融合;g6生产方式 |
G3生活场景 | g7生活状态;g8生活节奏 |
G4食物品质 | g9食物外观;g10食物味道;g11食物价格;g12理疗功能;g13制作工艺 |
G5生计方式 | g14生理需求;g15生活需要 |
G6文化传承 | g16传统习俗;g17历史趣闻;g18饮食习惯;g19餐桌礼节;g20民谚歌谣 |
G7凝聚关系 | g21辅助交际;g22宗族血亲 |
G8符号象征 | g23审美品味;g24社会地位;g25情感寄托 |
G9价值归属 | g26生活态度;g27社会责任;g28食物隐喻 |
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