Structural Characteristics of Trade Network in Countries along the Polar Silk Road
Received date: 2021-06-10
Revised date: 2021-08-24
Online published: 2021-11-01
As an extension of the Belt and Road Initiative to the Arctic, the Polar Silk Road initiative has provided opportunities for international trade development along its routes. this can accelerate the transnational flow of economic factors and promote the sustainable development of global trade. Based on the trade data of 37 countries along the Polar Silk Road in 2019, a trade network of these countries has been constructed. The complex network analysis method is used to study the topological structure characteristics of the trade network and to analyze the geo-spatial distribution characteristics of the three centrality indexes of the nodes. Community detection is used to identify the structure of the trade community and analyze its spatial distribution characteristics. With the help of the Continuous Coreness model, the core degree of the country is calculated and its circle structure is visualized. This study found that: (1) The high density and reciprocity of the trade network indicate that the network is very interoperable and diffusive. Compared with the random network, the Polar Silk Road trade network has a higher agglomeration coefficient and a shorter average path length, indicating that it has the characteristics of small-world and scale-free. (2) The trade network node has a typical hierarchy, presenting obvious characteristics of the "core-edge" circle structure, while Germany, China, the United States, and the Netherlands are in the core circle and are the hubs of the trade network. (3) The trade network can be divided into five different communities, namely the North American community, a community dominated by East Asian countries, and three communities dominated by European countries. Their spatial distribution is characterized by continuity, with close trade links among the communities, and China is the core of the community to which it belongs. (4) The trade network is characterized by the coexistence structure of hub radiation and full connection. The intensity centrality presents an embedded unit pattern, and the closeness centrality is characterized by the block distribution of a concentrated continuous area. The polarization of intermediary centrality is very obvious, forming a spatial pattern of "high in European and American countries and low in Asian countries." This study enriches the empirical research on the trade network of countries along the Polar Silk Road, provides new ideas for promoting trade cooperation and development of countries along the road, and is conducive to optimizing the trade network structure. It also provides a theoretical basis for China to rationally formulate the economic construction strategy of the road and the ways and specific implementation of trade cooperation with countries on that route. Future research could focus on the evolution and influencing factors of the trade network topology characteristics of countries along the road, with a view to better explore ways to promote the implementation of the Polar Silk Road initiative.
Wulin Wang , Jiao Gong , Zhen Lin . Structural Characteristics of Trade Network in Countries along the Polar Silk Road[J]. Tropical Geography, 2021 : 1 -10 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.专2.龚姣-2021-0361“冰上丝绸之路”沿线国家贸易网络结构特征分析(排版稿)
表1 复杂网络结构测度指标Table 1 Measurement index of complex network structure |
| 指标 | 公式 | 涵义 |
|---|---|---|
| 网络密度(D) | (2) 式中:M表示网络中实际存在的边数;N表示节点数量 | 实际存在的贸易联系占所有可能贸易联系的比例 |
| 平均路径长度(L) | (3) 式中:N表示节点数量, 表示节点i和j之间的最短路径距离 | 贸易网络中所有可能相连节点之间最短路径的平均步数 |
| 集聚系数(C) | (4) 式中:N表示节点数量; 表示节点i的邻接节点数; 表示节点i的邻接节点间实际存在的边数 | 网络中某一节点的伙伴之间存在贸易关系的可能性 |
| 强度中心性 出强度中心性( ) 入强度中心性( ) | (5) (6) 式中:N表示节点数量; 和 表示两点间的贸易关系; 表示节点j到节点i之间的贸易量; 表示节点i到节点j之间的贸易量 | 某一节点和与其相连的所有节点之间连线的权重总和 |
| 接近中心性 出接近中心性( ) 入接近中心性( ) | (7) (8) 式中:N表示节点数量; 表示节点i到节点j之间的最短路径距离; 表示节点j到节点i之间的最短路径距离 | 某一节点与其他节点相互连接的难易程度 |
| 中介中心性( ) | (9) 式中:N表示节点数量; 表示连接节点j和节点i通过i的最短路径数量; 表示节点j和节点i的所有最短路径数量 | 网络中所有最短路径经过该点的数量比例 |
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1 http://www.scio.gov.cn/ztk/dtzt/37868/37869/index.html
2 https://comtrade.un.org/
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