The Logic and Test of the Industrial Policy of "Active Government" in Towns: The Perspective of New Structural Economics
Received date: 2021-03-24
Revised date: 2021-08-22
Online published: 2021-12-30
From targeted poverty alleviation to rural revitalization and from industrial poverty alleviation to industrial prosperity, the township government is the policy frontier in the implementation of the national strategy. In this regard, the cohesion, rationality, effectiveness of policies, and even industrial policies are key indicators for testing the governance capabilities of grassroots governments. To understand why the township government chooses the right industry and formulate a reasonable industrial policy in rural revitalization, the new structural economics of "growth identification and contingent guidance framework" is used to analyze and put forward a logical framework for the evolution of the industrial policy of the township's "active government." This involves the following. The first is industry selection, i.e., selecting industries with similar resource endowments and constraints based on the "two-step six-track method"; relying on the growth identification and facilitation framework (GIFF) analysis framework of new structural economics; selecting industries based on the science of historical culture, institutional background, geographical environment, and economic foundation; and "to cross the river by feeling the stones." When choosing a target, do not surpass the limits of your own development and blindly seek high level and fast speed. It is necessary to set the annual target reasonably to ensure "jump and touch." The second is policy formulation, i.e., formulating reasonable policy content and selecting appropriate policy tools for the selected industries to support industrial development. It involves in-depth analysis of the constraints of the selected industries; prescribing the right remedy; putting forward the basic outline of the policy; and grasping the policy direction. By eliminating industrial constraints, industrial cultivation, and enterprise support, the industrial structure can be gradually adjusted and optimized, and the development of leading industries can be steadily promoted. It further involves focusing on relying on the private market, information, subsidies, and other policy tools as the main means, and using the "active government" to guide enterprises to gain development space through the "effective market." Based on the aforementioned logical framework, the present situation of the industry in Menghan Town, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the comparative advantage industries of target townships were analyzed; specific policy recommendations were provided for the industrial development of Menghan Town; and a practical test of the logical framework was completed. The township government should constantly adjust the goals and means of industrial policy in the next stage according to the development stage and constraints. First, it is necessary to examine the comparative advantages of poverty alleviation industries, find targets within counties and provinces, and classify poverty alleviation industries scientifically. Conversely, appropriate policy tools must be selected to effectively eliminate constraints on industrial development and pave the way for the continued prosperity in the industry. Finally, the "active government" should make arrangements in advance and guide the industry to develop toward the two ends of the "smiling curve" through policies such as fiscal subsidies and tax reductions and exemptions.
Da Li , Shaowen Zhang . The Logic and Test of the Industrial Policy of "Active Government" in Towns: The Perspective of New Structural Economics[J]. Tropical Geography, 2022 , 42(1) : 113 -122 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003420
表1 增长甄别与因势利导框架Table 1 Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework |
内容 | GIFF(两步六轨法) |
---|---|
靶向目标 | 选择高速增长、与本乡镇具有相似要素禀赋结构,人均收入为本乡镇2~3倍的乡镇;再从中找出过去一定时间内高速发展的产业。 |
消除约束 | 乡镇内私有企业已进入的行业,从中找出行业技术升级或更多企业进入的约束,并设法消除这些约束。 |
产业培育 | 乡镇内企业尚未涉足的行业,则可尝试从第一步中列出的乡镇吸引社会资金直接投资,或实施新的企业培育计划。 |
企业支持 | 除在第一步中确定的行业之外,还应关注私有企业自主的自我发现,并对发现的新行业中成功私有企业的发展提供支持。 |
形成集群 | 若基础设施和商业运营环境较差,则利用经济特区或工业园克服进入障碍和外商直接投资的阻碍、鼓励产业集群的形成。 |
激励创新 | 政府应该给予上述行业先驱者一定时期的税收优惠、合作投融资等。 |
表 3 2018年勐罕镇非胶作物单位面积年均纯收益 (元/hm2)Table 3 Annual average net income per unit area of other crops in Menghan Town in 2018 |
作物类别 | 收入 | 劳动力 | 成本 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
纯收入 | 工日 | 雇工 | 种苗 | 肥料 | 除草剂 | 杀虫剂 | 杀菌剂 | 灌溉 | |
玉米 | -3 270 | 270 | 0 | 915 | 4 845 | 720 | 765 | 600 | 630 |
水稻 | 11 700 | 255 | 0 | 1 170 | 4 050 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 000 |
大豆 | -10 500 | 285 | 0 | 975 | 5 400 | 4 500 | 900 | 0 | 1 500 |
芒果 | -5 100 | 270 | 0 | — | 3 750 | 750 | 30 375 | 225 | 750 |
香蕉 | 117 450 | 615 | 33 000 | 11 280 | 21 000 | 2 100 | 750 | 67 200 | 1 500 |
土著水果 | 19 305 | 225 | 0 | — | 3 705 | 150 | 0 | 0 | 105 |
甘蔗 | 31 050 | 1 200 | 0 | 26 100 | 9 000 | 1 500 | 3 000 | 0 | 450 |
茶 | 10 530 | 150 | 0 | — | 345 | 255 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
菠萝 | 29 100 | 120 | 0 | 6 750 | 1 800 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
表4 勐罕镇农户主要产业汇总Table 4 Main industry summary table of Menghan town farmers |
案例 | 内容 | 收益 | 产业类型 |
---|---|---|---|
案例1 | 家庭作坊以土法酿制玉米酒 | 价格30元/kg,月销量300~400 kg | 初级加工业 |
案例2 | 稻田养鱼,引水入稻田,蓄养罗非鱼、草鱼和鲤鱼等鱼种 | 综合年产值:30 000元/hm2 | 复合农业 |
案例3 | 蓄养山鸡、山猪等 | 山鸡:100元/只;山猪:60元/kg | 新型养殖业 |
案例4 | 养殖竹鼠 | 尚未产生正收益 | 新型养殖业 |
表 5 2018年西双版纳各乡镇非胶产业单位面积年均纯收益情况 (元/hm2)Table 5 Annual average net income per unit area of other crops in Towns of Xishuang in 2018 |
产业名称 | 布朗山 | 勐遮 | 勐宋 | 大渡岗 | 尚勇 | 象明 | 瑶区 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
玉米 | -4 074 | 939 | -768 | -4 008 | 3 378 | -1 190 | -6 011 |
水稻 | 11 675 | 14 001 | 19 328 | -3 386 | -248 | -6 603 | -8 598 |
大豆 | — | — | — | — | 12 902 | -38 | 10 062 |
豌豆 | — | 1 641 | — | 0 | 22 182 | — | 10 067 |
芒果 | — | — | -6 950 | -3 318 | -2 960 | — | — |
香蕉 | -4 947 | — | — | 0 | -10 038 | -750 | 291 |
木瓜 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
土著水果 | — | 0 | 582 | -10 200 | -8 025 | -2 217 | -9 218 |
甘蔗 | 24 396 | 25 331 | 21 554 | — | — | — | 22 725 |
茶 | 143 376 | 22 290 | 25 494 | 13 905 | 9 224 | 18 009 | -3 135 |
咖啡 | — | — | 3 450 | 14 042 | — | — | -123 |
百香果 | — | — | -3 681 | — | — | — | — |
菠萝 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
无筋豆 | — | — | 17 210 | — | 20 862 | 12 104 | 14 697 |
草药 | — | — | -8 345 | — | 1 161 | — | — |
|
表6 西双版纳州乡镇产业汇总Table 6 Summary of township industries in Xishuangbanna |
乡镇名称 | 产业 | 资源禀赋 | 产业内容 | 发展启示 |
---|---|---|---|---|
布朗山乡 | 以茶叶为主 | 位于1 000~2 200 m的中山山地,相对高差500~1 000 m,立体气候特征明显 | 班章古茶园,面积约200 hm2,班章茶价格达到了每千克售价超万元 | 品牌建设 |
勐遮镇 | 以水稻为主,兼有非农就业和自营业 | 海拔高度900~1 300 m,亚热带高原季风气候 | 田中养鱼、埂中养禽,利用田间坝头等细碎的田地资源,种植一些生活所需的蔬菜瓜果,提高了土地利用率 | 复合型农业和环境友好型农业 |
勐宋乡 | 云麻、竹和茶叶、咖啡产业 | 海拔在772~2 000 m间,跨度较大 | 农户生计多样性较高,不仅种植橡胶,还种植古茶树、云麻、竹和咖啡等 | 茶叶价格较低时未大肆砍伐古茶树 |
大渡岗乡 | 以茶叶为主 | 气候属南亚热带山地类型,平均日照6~8 h,平均气温17~18℃,降雨量1 400~1 800 mm/a。海拔1 390 m,为高山草地红壤土 | 通过认真落实“山区人均一亩良种茶”扶持政策,其中农户种植茶叶逾万亩,农民人均有茶0.13 hm2 | 政府支持茶产业发展,尤其是打造茶产业基地,形成了规模效应 |
表 7 勐罕镇政府的政策工具及内容Table 7 Policy to Tobit and contents of Menghan town government |
产业类型 | 产业名称 | 政策工具 | 政策内容 |
---|---|---|---|
领先型 | 菠萝种植业 | 私人市场; 信息和劝诫 | 1)加大技术创新力度并指导产业升级,向“微笑曲线”两端延展产业链;2)在全镇布局菠萝深度加工企业点、向全州辐射品牌营销和售后跟踪等网络;3)逐步引入人才进行技术研发并引导社会资金支持产业发展 |
转进型 | 水稻 | 信息和劝诫 | 在水稻种植区,推广稻田养鱼等复合型农业,引进勐遮镇稻田管理技术增加稻田单位产值 |
豆子、香蕉种植业 | 私人市场; 信息和劝诫 | 1)拓展销售渠道,协助本乡镇种植大户形成合力,为其提供展销信息;2)建立加工出口园区和冷链物流等基础设施 | |
三原鸡、小耳猪等特色养殖业 | 私人市场; 信息和劝诫 | 1)配备产业技术人才;2)加强管理、技术、产品质量的把控并培养其按时交货的能力;3)主动融入更广泛的市场网络 | |
弯道超车型 | 玉米酒酿造 | 家庭和社区; 信息和劝诫 | 1)主动联合农户、开发成熟的酿酒技术;2)联系工商局等有关部门注册酒类商标;3)通过新媒体加强宣传 |
傣药制造 | 直接提供 | 1)在上级政府的支持下,协助农户申请食品药品监督管理局的认证;2)建设傣药原料生产和成品制造基地 |
1 2017-10-18,习近平同志在十九大报告中指出,必须坚定不移把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务,坚持解放和发展社会生产力,坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向,推动经济持续健康发展。
2 云南省西双版纳傣族自治州天然橡胶管理条例. https://www.xsbn.gov.cn/293.news.detail.dhtml?news id=20808。
3 西双版纳州景洪市勐罕镇2019年度部门决算公开报告. https://www.jhs.gov.cn/293.news.detail.dhtml?news id=92264。
李达:负责撰写及修改论文;
张绍文:负责指导论文写作、提出修改意见。
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