Challenge or Opportunity: Comparison of Rural Tourist Behavior before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak
Received date: 2022-04-26
Revised date: 2022-06-27
Online published: 2023-01-05
Tourism is a sensitive industry that is extremely vulnerable to crisis situations. The development of China's tourism industry was halted altogether after the massive outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020. Entering the phase of normalization of epidemic prevention, rural tourism becomes the main force of tourism recovery. This study uses online travelogues to determine the behavioral changes of rural tourists before and after the occurrence of COVID-19. The study applies rooting theory and constructs a rural tourism behavior model based on the temporal logic of tourism progress. The following results were obtained: First, rural tourism behavior includes three stages (behavior motivation, experience behavior, and evaluation behavior), and its framework can be organized into four aspects (behavior time, behavior link, behavior content, and behavior level). Second, while the COVID-19 outbreak poses a serious impediment, it also brings development opportunities. Rural tourism, as the "dark horse" of tourism recovery speed, has obvious advantages. The vast space and good environment of the countryside in the post-epidemic era have become an ideal tourist destination for the urban population during the epidemic. Six rural tourism objectives emerged during the epidemic: epidemic suppression rebound, escape from the epidemic haze, the lure of ticket specials, search for safe areas, travel time constraints, and travel space constraints. Third, rural tourism's tourist experience behavior in the context of the epidemic presents a series of new features, including transportation choice behavior, perceived degree of congestion, and consumption behavior. Changes in the number of visitors to scenic areas, scenic management measures, and scenic consumption places can influence tourist behavior accordingly. Finally, owing to the specificity of the tourism experience process, its physical and mental contradictions and interaction mechanisms are systematic and complex. The contradictions between the need to travel during the epidemic and reality fiercely affect the emotions of tourists, whose emotional expression is more complex and adds a layer to the perception of life. Ultimately, the process of the tourism experience is reflected in the individual, thereby facilitating the visitor's satisfaction of self-growth and discovery. The novelty of this study lies in its research perspective, which takes tourist behavior as an entry point to explore the impact of the epidemic on the behavior of rural tourists from their point of view. The study findings can point to new directions for the tourism industry to achieve market recovery and industry revitalization after the epidemic and guide rural tourism destinations to better assess and respond to changes in tourism demand.
Yuqing Xi , Guangshu Sang . Challenge or Opportunity: Comparison of Rural Tourist Behavior before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak[J]. Tropical Geography, 2022 , 42(12) : 2121 -2131 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003583
表1 部分乡村游客旅游行为游记资料开放性编码示例Table 1 Some examples of open coding in the travelogue information section of rural tourists' tourism behavior |
| 范畴化 | 概念化 | 原始语句 |
|---|---|---|
| 满足 自身 需求 | 亲近自然 | 可以轻松避开市区内人满为患的热门景区,来这亲自感受大自然赐予的风水宝地 |
| 释放压力 | 平时工作忙到了周末,终于可以释放压力,如此宝贵的时间,怎么能在无聊中度过 | |
| 古村情怀 | 对古村落有种特别情怀,今天随旅行社走进了新叶古村 | |
| 放松身心 | 心累需要出去走一走,散散心 | |
| 逃离城市 | 一年就要结束,多数都耗在穿梭于城市的钢铁森林,总想着要去看山看海才完整 | |
| 寻找初心 | 这次出游计划也是临时约起,不是被某一个著名旅游景点吸引,而是我们心中都有着重温儿时记忆、童年味道的 一颗初心 | |
| 展望新生活 | 2017年过得七零八落,仿佛所有的不顺都集合到了这一年,2018的元旦小长假顺理成章地成为告别2017和展望 新生活的时间 |
表2 乡村游客旅游行为游记资料的主轴编码表Table 2 Axial coding table for travelogue information on tourism behavior of rural tourists |
| 主范畴 | 对应范畴 | 包含概念 |
|---|---|---|
| 行为 动机 | 满足自身需求 | 亲近自然、释放压力、古村情怀、放松身心、逃离现实、寻找初心、展望生活 |
| 他人影响 | 团建活动、他人邀请、新闻介绍、亲友介绍、网络种草、朋友推荐 | |
| 疫情影响 | 出行区域限制、逃离疫情、出行时间限制、疫情压抑、寻找安全区域、门票特价诱惑 | |
| 攻略准备行为 | 查找攻略、搜索视频资料、找游记、查找网络评价、查寻公众号、百度介绍、制作计划 | |
| 旅游地初印象 | 梦想的乡村、最美乡村、世外桃源、森林氧吧、打卡红地、生态旅游区、绿色村庄 | |
| 行为 体验 | 旅游交通体验 | 公共交通不便、有些闭塞、可达性差、自驾前往、搭乘班车、拥堵 |
| 乡村景观印象 | 山清水秀、风景秀美、蓝天白云、丰收、生活气息浓郁、原汁原味、寂静深远 | |
| 乡土故事人物 | 老妇、手艺人、历史悠久、积淀丰厚、文化气息浓厚、民俗活动丰富、民俗表演 | |
| 乡村住宿体验 | 民宿非常文艺、民宿很不错、条件很一般、民宿特别古朴、干净、文艺 | |
| 乡村饮食体验 | 体验感较好(丰盛、厨艺精湛、食材新鲜、鲜美可口)、体验感较差(太辣了、种类少) | |
| 居民生活风貌 | 收割农作物、休息谈天、盥洗衣物、充满生活气息、晾晒稻米、辛勤劳作 | |
| 乡村娱乐行为 | 室内活动(烧烤夜宵、KTV)、室外活动(品茶采茶、钓溪鱼、户外攀岩、漂流) | |
| 景区消费体验 | 体验感较好(物美价廉、物品丰富、有特色)、体验感较差(购物不便、昂贵、店家少) | |
| 游客身心感知 | 身心愉悦、享受、心情畅快、勾起回忆、身心放松、休闲、神清气爽、舒适、令人陶醉 | |
| 拥挤程度感知 | 几乎没人、人不多、人比想象中少、假人期流量大 | |
| 景区管理体验 | 体验感较好(商业气息不浓郁、管理有序)、体验感较差(管理差、服务态度好) | |
| 评价感悟 行为 | 游客重游意愿 | 积极意愿(打算再来、期待下次出行)、消极意愿(不会再来) |
| 旅游评价行为 | 积极评价(性价比高、非常满意、累并快乐着)、消极评价(枯燥无味、失望) | |
| 游客旅游感悟 | 怀念乡村美好、回归故我、珍惜出行机会、期盼疫情结束、知足常乐、收获良多 | |
| 游客推荐意愿 | 推荐出行、五星推荐、值得游玩、不值得去 |

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