The Landscape Schema of Bayu Terraced Field Human Settlements Responding to Regional Natural Features
Received date: 2021-11-20
Revised date: 2022-01-25
Online published: 2023-02-03
The Bayu terraced human settlement is an on-site living cultural heritage site that responds to natural features such as mountainous landforms and seasonal hydrology. Research into the site selection, technology, and combination of Bayu terraced human settlements can provide historical insight for the construction of resilient urban and rural developments in the southwest mountainous areas and the simultaneous protection of small and micro wetlands. Complete and representative remote sensing images of terraced fields in the Bayu area, combined with historical data analysis and field investigation using the visual landscape schema language, this study analyzed the single-terraced water conservancy technology, the spatiotemporal combination model of this technology, and the three construction characteristics of the terraced human settlement environment. As a result, the landscape schema system of the Bayu-terraced human settlement system was constructed. First, the research found that, in response to the Bayu Mountain topography and the rainfall characteristics of "spring drought and summer flood," a series of in-terrain terraced water conservancy technologies have been formed, such as winter paddy field for the autumn and spring, flushing fields for flood discharge in the summer, and hoarding paddy fields for closing water in all seasons. Second, Bayu terraced water conservancy technology forms a water resource management model of "autumn storage, winter fertility, spring ploughing, summer drainage" adapted to "spring drought and summer flooding", and a combination of "high storage, low irrigation" that conforms to the geomorphology that is formed. Finally, the terraced human settlement responds to the difference in water safety under the influence of geomorphology, presenting an "organic dispersion type" terraced human settlement pattern in low-mountainous hilly areas where the intersecting terraced base and the conservation forest and the scattered residential patches nest occlusion. The conservation forest is a "large area concentration type" terraced human settlement pattern in low-mountainous hilly areas where the intersecting terraced base and the conservation forest and the scattered residential patch nest in occlusion. In summary, Bayu terraced water conservancy technology types, combination methods, and the construction mode of terraced human settlements in mountainous topography integrate with Bayu's unique geographical geomorphology and hydrological conditions. These are important for the current low-impact development and construction of urban and rural areas and the protection of traditional construction wisdom. There are also positive references.
Wenjing Liao , Huasong Mao , Ping Luo . The Landscape Schema of Bayu Terraced Field Human Settlements Responding to Regional Natural Features[J]. Tropical Geography, 2023 , 43(1) : 155 -167 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003607
表1 巴渝梯田建设区域的地貌类型及其水文特征Table 1 Site Selection Types and Topographic and Hydrological Characteristics of Terraces In Bayu |
自然特征及 建设规律 | 低山丘陵区 | 中高山沟谷区 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
丘陵缓坡 | 山麓 | 山腰 | 山顶 | ||
地形自然 环境特征 | 平行岭谷之间用地开阔、 地势起伏较缓的浅丘山区 | 地势由溪谷到山体 逐渐从缓到陡 | 单向坡面、地势较陡 | 周围小丘包围, 地势略微起伏 | |
建设坡度/(°) | <5 | 5~15 | 10~15 | >15 | |
水文特征 | 蓄水容易且不易受到山洪威胁 | 抽水困难且易受到山洪威胁 | 水源极差,蓄水极难 | 水源极差,蓄水极难 | |
水利设施建设 适宜性 | 适宜建造人工水利 设施堰塘、水库 | 临溪宽阔地带适宜 建设灌溉沟渠 | 不适宜建设人工水利设施 | 宽阔区域可形成 天然积水塘 |
表2 冬水田布局位置及形态规律Table 2 Distribution Position and Form Law of Winter Paddy Field |
类别 | 低山丘陵区 | 中高山沟谷区 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
丘陵缓坡 | 山麓 | 山腰 | 山顶 | |
实例 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
布局 位置 | 主要位于土黏泥厚的沟谷低缓区域, 蓄水性较强,较易收集秋耕余水 | 位于坡度较陡的山坡区及用地局促且抽水困难的狭长沟谷地带 | 沿山脊分水线延展 成片布置冬水田 | 顺应山体汇水方向 布置冬水田 |
形态规律 | 沿等高线交叉跌落型 | 汇水线两侧跌落型 | 单向成片跌落型 | 沿汇水线枝状聚集型 |
表3 冲冲田布局位置及形态规律Table 3 Layout Position and Shape Law of Alluvial Field |
类型 | 低山丘陵区 | 中高山沟谷区 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
丘陵缓坡 | 山麓 | 山顶 | ||
实例 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
布局位置 | 汇水区,沿丘麓坳谷等高线逐级布置, 正中为正冲,两侧为侧冲 | 沟谷较窄的地高傍山、 丘陵两侧(侧冲) | 山顶丘陵起伏的汇水区, 沿丘麓坳谷等高线逐级布置, | |
形态规律 | 内凹跌落型 | 两侧单向跌落型 | 内凹跌落型 |
表4 囤水田布局位置及形态规律Table 4 Layout position and shape law of hoarding paddy fields |
类别 | 低山丘陵区 | 中高山沟谷区 |
---|---|---|
丘陵缓坡 | 山顶缓丘 | |
Google实例 | ![]() | ![]() |
布局位置 | 两丘之间的梯田高处 | 两丘之间的梯田高处 |
形态规律 | 环状闭合型 | 环状闭合型 |
表5 梯田人居“田、居、林”要素布局规律及水平格局特征Table 5 The layout rules and horizontal pattern characteristics of the terraced human settlements |
类别 图式 分析 | 低山丘陵区 (巴南区南泉街道迎龙村) | 中高山沟谷区(南川区三泉镇) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
丘陵缓坡 | 山麓 | 山腰 | 山顶 | ||
梯田 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
布局 规律 | 坡度较缓的低处,交叉汇聚型 连续有机基底 | 沿溪两侧坡度相对较缓,山沟 侧面单向跌落,集中斑块 | 分水线两侧外凸坡面区域 单向跌落,集中斑块 | 山顶浅丘低洼的汇水区域 单向跌落,集中斑块 | |
居 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
布局 规律 | 坡度相对较陡的高处 分散斑块 | 梯田内部坡度相对较缓的区域,集中布置 | |||
林 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
布局 规律 | 坡度相对较陡的高处 连续有机基底 | 涵养林成为连片背景基底 | |||
要素 叠加 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | |
布局 规律 | 梯田和涵养林咬合相嵌形成基底 林高田低,民居斑块分散在林间 | 涵养林为基底,聚落集中分布在梯田间坡度相对较缓的区域,梯田聚落组合为集中的大斑块 | |||
梯田 人居 水平 格局 | ![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() | |||
特征 | 有机分散型 | 大面集中型 |
表6 梯田人居环境区域景观水平网络的在地特征Table 6 Local characteristics of regional landscape horizontal network |
选址及 水平特征 | 低山丘陵区 | 中高山沟谷区 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
丘陵缓坡 | 山麓 | 山腰 | 山顶 | |
平面 图式 | ![]() | ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||
梯田选址特征 | 坡度相对较缓的低处 | 坡度较缓的汇水两侧安全区域或 溪水两侧坡度较缓区域 | 山腰坡度适宜的分水线 两侧外凸坡面区域 | 山顶小丘低处 汇水区 |
聚落选址特征 | 坡度相对较陡的高处 | 田间坡度相对较缓的区域 | ||
水平网络特征 | 梯田与涵养林咬合嵌套形成“ 指状嵌合型”基底小组团斑块 分散林间“有机分散型” | 涵养林成为基底单向跌落梯田及集中型聚落组成大斑块 “大面集中型” |
1 https://wenku.baidu.com/view/2d57935ca717866fb84ae45c3b3567ec102ddcf5.html?_wkts_=1673402838481&bdQuery
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