Perception Differences and Influencing Factors of Trans-Local Minority Food Culture Authenticity in China: A Case Study of Enshi Tujia Restaurant in Wuhan
Received date: 2022-12-03
Revised date: 2023-05-17
Online published: 2023-08-02
With expanding globalization and the "cultural turn" in geographic research, the mobile phenomenon of the trans-local production of food culture has received increasing attention from society and academia. Trans-local ethnic theme restaurants are important carriers of food culture, and customer perception has always been a research hotspot for catering enterprises. However, there are few studies on the differences in customer perceptions of the authenticity of trans-local ethnic theme restaurants and the factors affecting them in multi-ethnic countries. To explore the differences in customer perceptions and influencing factors of the originality of food culture in trans-local ethnic minority theme restaurants, this study employed the theoretical framework of the originality of food culture, taking the Enshi Tujia restaurant in Wuhan as the research object, combining online text information and questionnaire surveys, and applying the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) methods to validate the theoretical framework of the originality of food culture in trans-local ethnic minority theme restaurants. Moerover, it used the Potential Conflict Index (PCI) method to analyze the overall level and internal differences of customers' perceptions regarding originality of trans-local ethnic minority food cultures. Specific factors affecting the differences in customers' perceptions were explored using the one-way nonparametric test and the optimal scale regression analysis. The results of the study are as follows: (1) The customers' perception levels of food and environmental authenticity in the Enshi Tujia restaurant in Wuhan were 0.60, but the customers' perception level of service authenticity was -0.06. The PCI values of food and environmental authenticity were 0.09 and 0.08, respectively, but the PCI values of service authenticity was 0.35. (2) Significant factors contributing to the differences in customers' perceptions of the originality of the dietary culture, such as expectations and information access, were: the overall level and internal differences in customer perceptions of food culture were not significant. Significant factors of customer perception differences, with importance indexes of 0.566 and 0.270, respectively, were found. Education was a significant factor leading to customer perception differences in food and service authenticity, with importance indexes of 0.081 and 0.141, respectively. Stimuli such as the degree of understanding of Enshi and the experience of traveling there lead to significant differences in the perception of food authenticity, with importance indexes of 0.144 and 0136. Recent dining time and income indicated that customers' perception of environmental authenticity and service authenticity differ significantly, with importance indices of 0.178 and 0.256, respectively, whereas cultural background factors such as the place of origin did not have a significant impact on the difference in customers' perceptions of the food culture authenticity. The study conclusions as follows: (1) Customers' perception of food authenticity and environmental authenticity of ethnic minority themed restaurants was high with small internal differences, while the perception of service authenticity was low with large internal differences. (2) Expectations and information acquisition channels are important factors leading to significant differences in customers' perceptions, but the influence of cultural background factors such as place of origin, degree of understanding of Enshi, and experience of traveling there is relatively limited. (3) Trans-local ethnic minority theme restaurants are micro spaces for the exchange and fusion of food culture in the source place and food culture there, which can satisfy the diversified dietary consumption needs of different customers, such as local and foreign ethnic minority customers. Trans-local production of ethnic minority theme restaurants is conducive to promoting the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic state in China. This study expands the scale of research on the originality of food culture, enriches the theoretical content of the perception of the originality of food culture, and provides case references and a theoretical basis for the trans-local production and operation of ethnic minority themed restaurants.
Jianbo Xu , Rong Liu , Shuangyu Xie , Huafang Qiao . Perception Differences and Influencing Factors of Trans-Local Minority Food Culture Authenticity in China: A Case Study of Enshi Tujia Restaurant in Wuhan[J]. Tropical Geography, 2023 , 43(7) : 1364 -1376 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003713
表1 饮食文化原真性感知的因子分析结果Table 1 Factor analysis results of authenticity perception of food culture |
题项 | 原真性食物(Y1) | 原真性环境(Y2) | 原真性服务(Y3) | 均值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
餐厅内部装修具有恩施土家风格,如图画、图案、色彩等(EA2) | | 0.637 | ||
餐厅选用的家具具有恩施土家风格,如图画、图案、色彩等(EA3) | | 0.607 | ||
餐厅外观具有恩施土家风格,如图画、图案、色彩等(EA1) | | 0.602 | ||
餐厅的装饰品体现恩施土家风格,如图画、图案、色彩等(EA4) | | | ||
菜单设计使用恩施土家族元素,如图画、图案、色彩等(EA5) | | 0.517 | ||
菜品烹饪方式具有恩施土家族特色(FA5) | | 0.692 | ||
菜品外观具有恩施土家菜特色(FA3) | | 0.741 | ||
菜品口味具有恩施土家菜风味(FA4) | | 0.741 | ||
菜品是地道的恩施土家菜(FA2) | | 0.612 | ||
菜品所用的食材均来自恩施地区(FA1) | | | ||
盛放菜品的餐具具有恩施土家族特色(FA6) | | | ||
服务员主动解释恩施土家族的特色食物(SA2) | | | ||
服务员穿恩施土家族服饰(SA4) | | | ||
服务员来自恩施土家族(SA3) | | | ||
服务员使用具有恩施土家族特色的语言(SA1) | | | ||
特征值 | | | | |
解释的方差/% | | | | |
累积解释的方差/% | | | | |
表2 武汉的恩施土家族餐厅饮食文化原真性感知的影响因素及其含义Table 2 Influencing factors and meanings of the perception of authenticity of food culture in Enshi Tujia restaurants in Wuhan |
影响因素 | 含义及赋值 | |
---|---|---|
个体 因素 | 性别 | 男=1;女=2 |
年龄 | 低于19岁=1;19~25岁=2;26~40岁=3;41~60 =4;60岁以上=5 | |
学历 | 小学及以下=1;初中=2;中专/高中=3;大专/本科=4;硕士及以上=5 | |
职业 | 企业人员=1;机关/事业单位人员=2;个体经营者=3;学生=4;专业或技术人员=5;自由职业者=6;退休/无业=7; 其他=8 | |
收入 | 低于1 000元=1;1 001~3 000元=2;3 001~5 000元=3;5 001~10 000元=4;10 001~15 000元=5;15 000元以上=6 | |
饮食偏好 | 辛辣(如川菜)=1;重油(如徽菜)=2;偏甜(如上海菜)=3;清淡(如粤菜)=4;其他(如东北菜等)=5 | |
消费动机 | 家乡味道=1;好奇心理=2;亲友推荐=3;餐厅促销=4;方便到达=5;餐厅口碑=6;其他=7 | |
期望 | 远低于预期=1;低于预期=2;与预期差不多=3;高于预期=4;远高于预期=5 | |
距离 因素 | 籍贯 | 恩施州=1;湖北省(除恩施州)=2;其他地区=3 |
常住地 | 恩施州=1;湖北省(除恩施州)=2;其他地区=3 | |
恩施了解程度 | 完全不了解=1;不了解=2;一般了解=3;比较了解=4;非常了解=5 | |
最近就餐时间 | 第一次来吃饭=1;距今1个月以内=2;距今1至3个月=3;距今3至6个月=4;距今6个月以上=5 | |
| 恩施旅游经历 | 0次=1;1次=2;2次=3;3次=4;3次以上=5 |
在恩施工作时间 | 无=1;半年以内=2;半年至1年=3;1年至5年=4;5年以上=5 | |
消费金额/元 | 50以下=1;50~100=2;100~150=3;150~200=4;200以上 =5 | |
信息获取渠道 | 美团等网络渠道=1;电视/广播=2;报刊/书刊=3;亲戚/朋友=4;其他渠道=5 |
表3 显著性影响因素的回归分析结果Table 3 Regression Analysis Results of Significant Influencing Factors |
影响因素 | Y(饮食文化原真性) | Y1(原真性食物) | Y2(原真性环境) | Y3(原真性服务) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | F | 重要性 | Beta | F | 重要性 | Beta | F | 重要性 | Beta | F | 重要性 | ||||
性别 | 0.095 | 2.813 | 0.053 | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0.090 | 2.361 | 0.057 | |||
(0.056) | — | — | (0.058) | ||||||||||||
年龄 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | -0.071 | 1.289 | 0.019 | |||
— | — | — | (0.062) | ||||||||||||
学历 | — | — | — | -0.144* | 6.118 | 0.081 | — | — | — | -0.152** | 5.058 | 0.141 | |||
— | (0.058) | — | (0.068) | ||||||||||||
收入 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.209*** | 9.504 | 0.256 | |||
— | — | — | (0.068) | ||||||||||||
期望 | 0.380*** | 29.197 | 0.566 | 0.540*** | 102.337 | 0.778 | 0.314*** | 17.590 | 0.774 | 0.267*** | 19.497 | 0.369 | |||
(0.070) | (0.053) | (0.075) | (0.060) | ||||||||||||
恩施了解程度 | 0.069 | 1.031 | 0.055 | 0.208*** | 9.407 | 0.144 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
(0.068) | (0.068) | — | — | ||||||||||||
最近就餐时间 | 0.078 | 1.816 | 0.029 | 0.109 | 3.137 | 0.012 | 0.178* | 8.571 | 0.226 | — | — | — | |||
(0.058) | (0.061) | (0.061) | — | ||||||||||||
恩施旅游经历 | — | — | — | -0.190* | 5.711 | -0.036 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
— | (0.079) | — | — | ||||||||||||
在恩施工作时间 | 0.053 | 0.834 | 0.027 | 0.057 | 0.849 | 0.020 | — | — | — | 0.081* | 1.499 | 0.059 | |||
(0.058) | (0.062) | — | (0.066) | ||||||||||||
信息获取渠道 | 0.274*** | 24.557 | 0.270 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.151 | 5.023 | 0.100 | |||
(0.055) | — | — | (0.067) | ||||||||||||
n | 201 | ||||||||||||||
调整R 2 | 0.213 | 0.354 | 0.099 | 0.170 |
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许建波:论文选题,研究设计,数据收集、处理与分析,论文撰写与修改;
刘 荣:数据处理与分析;
谢双玉、乔花芳:全过程指导与建议。
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