High-Quality Development Path of the "Enclave Economy" from the Perspective of Symbiosis: A Case Study of Guangqing Economic Cooperation Zone (Guangde Park)
Received date: 2023-06-14
Revised date: 2023-08-04
Online published: 2023-12-15
The "enclave economy" is an important governance tool for promoting regional integration. Guangdong Province occupies the leading position in exploring the "enclave economy" model in China, which has effectively promoted the development of the east and northwest of Guangdong Province through the "point to area" approach. However, certain problems that are associated with the "enclave economy" concept, including a weak level of industrial relatedness, disconnection with the development of the local urban system, and inadequate interest driving mechanisms, need to be urgently addressed. The article aims to explore the high-quality development path of the "enclave economy" in the new era, taking advantage of the symbiosis theory. Based on field research and semi-structured interview methods, the present study attempts to not only probe into the cooperative relationship and mutually beneficial symbiosis mechanism among different actors in the "enclave economy" but also explore a more sustainable and mutually beneficial development "enclave economy" model. With respect to theoretical contribution, based on the symbiosis theory and the characteristics of the "enclave economy", this study facilitates a better understanding of the high-quality development logic of the "enclave economy" from the perspective of symbiosis in particular and establishes a theoretical framework comprising the "industrial symbiosis network-industrial symbiosis unit-interest symbiosis mechanism" components. Empirically, this study takes the Guangqing Economic Cooperation Zone (Guangde Park) as the case study; reveals the development process and problems of the "enclave economy", including the isolation of industry transplantation, fragmentation of industry-city units, and locking of interests and mismatch between rights and responsibilities; and proposes high-quality development strategies, such as establishing a cross-regional "enclave economic circle", a resource-linking platform between industry and city, and a community of interests in industrial parks and towns, to form a more sustainable symmetric and mutually beneficial symbiotic mechanism. The key contribution of this study lies in the theoretical framework for the high-quality development of the "enclave economy" through the lens of symbiosis, which enriches the ways of analysis and cognitive logic of the "enclave economy" and advances cross-regional cooperation and "enclave economy" research. It enhances the cross-territorial geographic thinking of regional cooperation and "enclave economy" research, holding the potential to provide decision-making references for the promotion of regional coordinated development in Guangdong Province in the new period. It also has practical application value for relieving the pressure of unbalanced and insufficient regional development in China by promoting cross-municipal and cross-provincial cooperation.
Xianfeng Xu , Jili Xu , Jiangchun Yao , Jialing Huang , Sicong Hu . High-Quality Development Path of the "Enclave Economy" from the Perspective of Symbiosis: A Case Study of Guangqing Economic Cooperation Zone (Guangde Park)[J]. Tropical Geography, 2023 , 43(12) : 2263 -2273 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003782
表1 广东省重要飞地经济基本情况Table 1 Important enclaves in Guangdong Province |
名称 | 合作方 | 开始时间 | 合作内容 | 共生模式 | 飞地面积/km2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
广清经济特别合作区 | 广州—清远 | 2010年 | 以“三园一城”为主体,双方合作共同推进产业协同、交通连接、空间发展等各方面。 | 由不成功的对称互惠共生转向非对称互惠共生(飞入地受益更高),未来逐步向对称互惠共生发展 | 127.9 |
深汕特别合作区 | 深圳—汕尾 | 2011年 | 4个街镇行政区范围,深圳全面接管合作区各项事务。 | 非对称互惠共生(飞出地受益更高) | 68.3 |
莞韶园 | 东莞—韶关 | 2016年 | 以莞韶园为主体,产业转移和帮扶为主要内容。 | 偏利共生(主要是飞入地受益) | 8.6 |
佛云园、云浮新兴新成产业园 | 佛山—云浮 | 2013年 | 以佛云园、云浮新兴新成产业园为主体,产业转移和帮扶为主要内容。 | 偏利共生(主要是飞入地受益) | 51.7 |
广州(梅州)产业转移工业园 | 广州—梅州 | 2008年 | 包含北区(东升工业园)与南区(畲江工业园),穗梅对口帮扶的重要举措,广州提供部分无偿建设资金、共建公益性设施,并推动产业转移 | 偏利共生(主要是飞入地受益) | 12.9 |
表2 主要访谈对象信息Table 2 Information of main interviewees |
类型 | 编号 | 单位 | 访谈时间 | 访谈形式 | 访谈内容 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
企业管理 人员 | A | 园区企业甲 | 2021年 9月 | 面对面访谈 | 企业产值、员工规模、供应链分布等基本情况;企业选择转移的原因;转移后企业发展的主要问题 |
B | 园区企业乙 | ||||
行政管理 人员 | C | 广德园管委会 | 2023年 5月 | 电话访谈 | 园区发展历程;产业合作成效;行政管理机制、利益分配机制、规划建设协同等方面的成效与问题 |
D | |||||
E | 英德市自然资源和规划局 | 面对面访谈 | |||
规划设计 人员 | F | 广州市城市规划勘测 设计研究院 | 2023年 4月 | 面对面访谈 | 园区区位、用地、空间布局、公共服务设施布局、规划协同等方面的基本情况与主要问题 |
G |
“顺德企业一开始扩大生产规模比较大,但在考察并签约转移后,由于经济形势发生了比较大的变化,扩产需求几乎没有了,以RS电器为首的13家家电上下游企业最终均未投产,成体系转移顺德家电产业集群的设想没有实现。”
“2017年广东省委主要领导视察了园区,做出了由广州市承接园区对口共建任务的批示;2018年黄埔区代表广州市全面承接园区开发建设工作。”
“我们企业有很强的物流需求,但是主要还是通过外包给珠三角的物流企业解决,园区在供应链服务方面的配套还非常不足。”
表3 广德园、周边镇区规划用地结构与规划标准对照 (%)Table 3 Comparison of the planned land use structure and planning standards of the Guangde Industrial Park and the surrounding townships |
用地类型 | 广德园 | 英红镇区 | 横石塘镇区 | 规划城市建设用地标准 |
---|---|---|---|---|
居住用地 | 13.5 | 30.2 | 44.0 | 20~32 |
公共管理与公共服务设施用地 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 9.0 | 5~8 |
商业服务业设施用地 | 9.5 | 2.7 | 11.4 | - |
工业用地 | 54.5 | 33.4 | 0 | 15~30 |
物流仓储用地 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 0 | - |
道路与交通设施用地 | 10.7 | 17.6 | 19 | 10~25 |
公用设施用地 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 0.56 | - |
绿地与广场用地 | 5.3 | 7.9 | 15.7 | 10~15 |
表4 飞地园区参与产业分工的重点环节与模式引导Table 4 Key aspects and models of industrial park participation in industrial division of labor in enclave economy |
重点协作领域 | 价值链环节 | 合作模式 | 产业分工 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
广州黄埔区 | 广德园 | |||
精细化工 | 精细石油化工、化学制药、工业气体、电子化学品 | 日化美妆、绿色涂料、日化产品包材生产等 | 总部+生产 | 飞入地:后台生产 飞出地:总部管理+技术研发+运营销售(反向飞地) |
新材料 | 高分子材料、化工新材料、生物新材料等 | 新型建材、锂电池材料、稀有金属新材料 | 研发+转化 | 飞入地:转化基地 飞出地:研发孵化 |
汽车及先进 装备制造 | 新能源整车、核心零部件 | 锂电池组装、动力系统、轮毂等非核心零部件 | 总装+配套 | 飞入地:配套零部件 飞出地:总部管理与总装 |
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姚江春:负责飞地经济实证案例调研、发展历程和问题分析;
黄嘉玲:参与共生理论视角下的飞地经济高质量发展理论模式研究;
胡思聪:参与实证案例调研和实证案例广德园飞地经济高质量发展路径研究。
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