Zoning of Territorial Space for Ecological Restoration Based on Potential Ecological Background Pattern Framework: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao Greater Bay Area
Received date: 2023-05-15
Revised date: 2023-06-24
Online published: 2024-02-08
Ecological restoration zoning is the concept of carrying out ecological restoration scientifically. In existing zoning studies, an effective technical solution is to use ecosystem service supply and ecological security pattern analysis as starting points. These studies have mostly focused on the negative ecological effects of high-intensity human activities and are still essentially focused on at-risk areas. Zoning is used for identification, the potential for effective regional ecological restoration is not considered systematically, and there is insufficient support for the theory and practice of ecological restoration. However, ecological restoration is a product of human society and economic processes of input and output. In addition to accurately identifying ecological risk areas, research on restoration zones should also consider regional ecological protection policies and economic differences to increase investment in environmental protection and improve the effectiveness of ecological protection in a targeted manner. Based on the current paradigm, the spatio-temporal matching of social economy and natural resources is taken into consideration, to realize the optimization of an ecological restoration zoning technical scheme. Taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example, a regional framework for the ecological restoration of land space based on ecological background pattern and potential was constructed. The results show that ecosystem services have declined significantly in the past ten years, and there are areas with good natural resilience and strong support from protection policies. Township as the unit of ecological restoration zoning. 1) The ecological maintenance area accounts for 7.7% of the total area, and focus should be on comprehensive improvement to promote economic and ecological sustainability. 2) The ecological protection area accounts for 44.5%, and focus should be on protection and stronger policy control. 3) The ecological improvement area account for 11.9%, and diversified and continuous maintenance measures should be adopted to strengthen the redundancy of regional ecological network. 4) The ecological restoration area accounts for 35.9%, and the priority for restoration should be areas with high natural resilience and policy support, and should mainly comprise long-term restoration projects. The coordinated restoration area has a high natural restoration; however, the policy support is insufficient. Cooperation with higher-level governments or with regional joint governance should be initiated to improve efficiency of the overall restoration in the region.
Wei Zhang , Nao Long , Shenggang Li , Long Wang . Zoning of Territorial Space for Ecological Restoration Based on Potential Ecological Background Pattern Framework: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong- Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. Tropical Geography, 2024 , 44(2) : 212 -225 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003817
表1 生态系统服务与修复潜力评价数据说明Table 1 Description of ecosystem service and restoration potential evaluation data |
数据类型 | 分辨率/m | 来源 | 网站地址 |
---|---|---|---|
土地覆盖数据 | 30 | GLOBELLAND30 | http://www.globallandcover.com/ |
DEM | 30 | 地理空间数据云 | https://www.gscloud.cn/ |
NDVI | 30 | 国家科技资源共享服务平台 | http://www.nesdc.org.cn/ |
土壤数据 | 1 000 | 世界土壤数据库 | https://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/ |
气象数据 | 1 000 | 国家青藏高原科学数据中心 中科院资源环境科学与数据中心 | https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/zh-hans https://www.resdc.cn/ |
夜间灯光数据 | 1 000 | 美国国家地球物理数据中心 | http://reverb. echo. nasa.gov |
市县经济数据 | — | 地方政府一般公共预算收支决算表、统计年鉴、香港环保工作报告2021、澳门环境状况报告2020 | — |
表2 生态系统服务评估方法Table 2 Methods for ecosystem services assessment |
生态系统服务 | 模型 | 公式 | 变量解释 |
---|---|---|---|
水源 涵养 | 水源涵养本底评价公式 | WC P ET R (1) R=P× (2) (龚诗涵 等,2017) | 式中:WC为水源涵养量;P为降雨量;ET为蒸散发量;R为地表径流量; 为森林、湿地等土地覆盖类型径流系数。 |
固碳 | InVEST模型的Carbon Storage and Sequestration模块 | CS= C (above)+C (blow)+C (soil)+C (dead) (3) (Tallis et al., 2015) | 式中:CS为单位面积总固碳量;C (above)、C (blow)、C (soil)、C (dead)分别为地上、地下、土壤和死亡有机体中碳库的最小碳量。 |
生境 质量 | InVEST模型 Habitat Quality模块 | (4) (Tallis et al., 2015) | 式中: 为土地覆盖类型j中栅格x的生境质量; 为土地利用类型j的生境适宜度; 为为地类 中栅格 的生境退化度,k是半饱和常数; 值为模型默认参数。 |
土壤 保持 | 修正的通用土壤流失方程 | A R×K×LS×(1 C×P) (5) (Wischmeier and Smith, 1978) | 式中:A为土壤保持量;R为降雨侵蚀力因子;K为土壤可蚀性因子;LS为地形因子;C植被覆盖因子;P为水土保持措施因子。 |
游憩 | 由植被覆盖度表征森林游憩;等权叠加水域与湿地的欧氏 距离,表征近水游憩 | H +RS (6) RS (7) (齐亚霄 等,2020) | 式中: 为近水游憩可达性(彭建 等,2018);RS表征森林游憩, 为栅格 的NDVI值, 为研究区NDVI最小值, 为研究区NDVI最大值。 |
表3 土地覆盖类型的初始阻力值Table 3 Initial resistance value of land cover type |
土地覆盖类型 | 阻力值 | 土地覆盖类型 | 阻力值 |
---|---|---|---|
耕地 | 100 | 湿地 | 5 |
林地 | 3 | 水体 | 600 |
草地 | 30 | 人造地表 | 1 000 |
灌木 | 10 | 未利用地 | 700 |
表4 粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务聚类分析结果Table 4 Results of ecosystem services cluster analysis of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
聚类分析指数 | 2010年 | 2020年 |
---|---|---|
全局莫兰指数 | 0.77 | 0.63 |
高-高聚集/% | 24.62 | 22.21 |
低-低聚集/% | 37 | 41.04 |
高-低异常/% | 10.09 | 7.81 |
低-高异常/% | 3.67 | 2.45 |
图3 粤港澳大湾区生态本底聚类分析Fig.3 Ecological background cluster analysis of theGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
年份 | 集聚异常分区 | 冷热点分区 |
---|---|---|
2010 | ![]() | ![]() |
2020 | ![]() | ![]() |
表5 粤港澳大湾区生态修复分区初判逻辑Table 5 Initial judgment logic of ecological restoration zoning of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
生态系统 服务水平 | 一级 (0~30%) | 二级 (30%~60%) | 三级 (60%~90%) | 四级 (90%~100%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
水平退化 | 修复区 | 修复区 | 修复区 | — |
水平稳定 | 维持区 | 修复区 | 提升区 | 保护区 |
水平改善 | - | 修复区 | 提升区 | 提升区 |
表6 粤港澳大湾区一级生态修复区组成Table 6 The composition of the level-1 ecological restoration area in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area |
类型 | 所属市 | 所属市(区) | 所属镇(街道) |
---|---|---|---|
生态 优先 修复区 | 惠州市 | 惠东县 | 铁涌镇 |
平山街道 | |||
博罗县 | 龙溪镇 | ||
杨侨镇 | |||
泰美镇 | |||
肇庆市 | 封开县 | 长安镇 | |
鼎湖区 | 凤凰镇 | ||
高要市 | 回龙镇 | ||
大湾镇 | |||
白土镇 | |||
活道镇 | |||
白诸镇 | |||
莲塘镇 | |||
蛟塘镇 | |||
四会市 | 下茆镇 | ||
龙甫镇 | |||
广州市 | 从化区 | 江埔街道 | |
鳌头镇 | |||
太平镇 | |||
江门市 | 恩平市 | 横陂镇 | |
鹤山市 | 双合镇 | ||
开平市 | 马冈镇 | ||
塘口镇 | |||
沙塘镇 | |||
百合镇 | |||
大沙镇 | |||
苍城镇 | |||
赤水镇 | |||
生态 协同 修复区 | 江门市 | 新会区 | 司前镇 |
罗坑镇 | |||
佛山市 | 高明区 | 更合镇 | |
明城镇 | |||
深圳市 | 龙岗区 | 坪地街道 | |
坪山街道 | |||
大鹏街道 | |||
葵涌街道 | |||
一般生态 修复区 | 其他 |
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