Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Studies on the Impact of Built Environment on Public Health and Its Implications
Received date: 2023-03-30
Revised date: 2023-10-19
Online published: 2024-04-10
Built environments have complex effects on the public's physical and mental health. Revealing the mechanisms and pathways through which the urban built environment influences public health can provide a basis for optimizing built environments. This helps avoid issues, such as environmental pollution, lack of social interaction, and insufficient physical activity, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of public health. Western academia has a more established foundation for research, whereas domestic endeavors are currently in the exploratory phase. A comparative analysis of relevant domestic and international studies can help elucidate the developmental trajectory of research in this field, identify common issues and characteristics, and guide the direction for advancing domestic research. Therefore, based on the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, this study systematically reviewed 658 English and Chinese studies published from 2000 to 2022 in the fields of urban and rural planning, geographic sciences, health medicine, and environmental psychology, focusing on the impact of the built environment on public health. Utilizing "Citespace" software, this study conducted a quantitative analysis and systematic review of the theoretical framework, study topics, and emerging trends in the research. The findings revealed disparities between Western and Chinese academies in terms of theoretical innovation, study groups, and research content. Specifically, international studies have pioneered theoretical perspectives, such as social welfare and environmental justice. Guided by these theories, researchers have explored the mechanisms through which the built environment affects public health in diverse population groups. Although domestic studies exhibit a relative lack of theoretical innovation, their primary focus has been the introduction and empirical application of Western theories in the Chinese context. These studies often concentrate on the transmission paths of the impacts on the older and women groups through static empirical evidence, lacking dynamism in their approaches. Furthermore, drawing upon the previously stated theoretical underpinnings, methodological approach, and research content, this paper summarized the analytical framework of "Built Environment Elements, Mediated Impacts, and Public Health." It meticulously examined the differential effects of three spatial elements—green space, land use, and road traffic—on public health. This study provides a detailed analysis of the mechanisms involved, highlighting the ecological and psychological benefits arising from exposure to and interactions with green spaces. It also analyzes how judiciously designed and compact land use patterns shape travel preferences, reduce travel distances, mitigate reliance on motor vehicles, and enhance the frequency of individual activities. Furthermore, the study outlines the ramifications for optimizing the road network system and transitioning travel modes to ameliorate traffic pollution, alleviate traffic pressure, and mitigate pedestrian injuries, among other variables. The purpose of this study was to systematically comprehend the current status and disparities in domestic and international research concerning the impact of the built environment on public health and to explore a series of health issues triggered by the built environment from the perspective of urban planning, with the hope of promoting health geography in China, offering guidance for future academic directions, and prompting local management authorities to formulate precision policies addressing public health challenges.
Shan Li , Lin Zhang , Jianjun Li , Tingting Chen , Jintang Chen . Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Studies on the Impact of Built Environment on Public Health and Its Implications[J]. Tropical Geography, 2024 , 44(4) : 569 -582 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003848
表1 建成环境核心要素对公共健康的影响Table 1 The impact of core elements of the built environment on public health |
空间要素 | 指标测度 | 数据来源 | 研究结论 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
绿 色 空 间 | 绿地规模:面积、类型、密度、大小、结构等 | 遥感数据、公开普查数据、野外测绘数据、开源数据、在线街景、感知 地图、拍照实验、问卷调查、专业 人员评价、实地 观察等 | 国 际 | 对健康的正向效应:居住绿地可用性(Gidlöf-Gunnarsson and Öhrström, 2007);绿色屋顶装置(Yang et al., 2008);工作场所绿化水平(Lottrup et al., 2013);城市绿化程度越高(Lee and Lee, 2019);“刚好够绿”政策(Wolch et al., 2014) ①对健康的正向效应:公园环境特征(彭慧蕴 等,2018);绿视率(陈玉洁 等,2020);绿地访问行为(刘畅 等,2018);绿色校园接触(应君 等,2023)。 ②对健康的负向效应:环境污染、公园距离(陈玉洁 等,2020) |
景观格局:最大斑块指数、分离度指数、边缘密度、多样性指数、均匀度指数等 | ||||
绿量获得性:绿视率、绿色覆盖率、人均绿地面积、归一化植被指数、绿地可达性 | 国 内 | |||
绿色感知:空间布局、服务设施、维护管理、自然度、吸引力、安全感等 | ||||
土 地 利 用 | 土地密度与开发强度:城市形态、容积率、建筑密度、绿地率、服务设施密度等 | 地图数据、遥感 数据、国家相关 部门官网数据库、GIS空间分析数据、调查问卷等 | 国 际 国 内 | ①对健康的正向效应:紧凑型土地开发模式(Stevenson et al., 2016);高混合土地利用(Frank et al., 2004);起点—目的地距离(Frank and Pivo, 1994)。 ②对健康的负向效应:蔓延型土地开发模式(Ewing et al., 2003);建设用地扩建(Sheela et al., 2017);高商业、工业用地比例(Vaz et al., 2015) ①对健康的正向效应:高强度、高混合土地(王兰 等,2016);高地铁站密度、交叉口密度(孙斌栋 等,2018)。 ②对健康的负向效应:高密度人口、停车场密度(孙斌栋 等,2018) |
土地混合程度:土地利用混合指数、不同用途土地邻近性、设施与场所可达性 | ||||
土地类型:土地覆盖变化、土地使用类型丰富度、土地类型空间布局 | ||||
道 路 交 通 | 土地混合:土地用途多样性、路网距离、目的地距离等 | 地图数据、遥感 数据、开源数据、急救中心、国家 统计局、声学 测量仪器等 | 国 际 国 内 | ①对健康的正向效应:行人友好的环境特征(Cervero and Kockelman, 1997);人行道连接度(Yu, 2015)。 ②对健康的负向效应:高速路、交通用地、公交站点(Yu, 2015); 交通污染(Sunyer et al., 2015);交通噪音暴露 (Guo et al., 2023) ①对健康的正向效应:小尺度的街道网络(张育,2016);介数中心性、街块面积、次干路和支路密度(谢波 等,2022);高质量空气(许燕婷 等,2021)。 ②对健康的负向效应:出入口数量、机动车道数、街道高宽(谢波 等,2022);交通噪音(黄婧 等,2015) |
公共交通:地铁站点、交通站点、共享单车(电动车)数量等 | ||||
住宅区噪音分贝测量 | ||||
交通事故:交通死亡率、伤残率等 | ||||
交通污染:颗粒物(PM)、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO2)、氮氧化物(NOx)、 碳氢化合物(HC)、臭氧(O3)等 |
1 为便于比较,本文将CNKI中文文献归为国内研究,将WOS英文文献归为国际研究。
2 突现词,主要指某一时间段内首次出现的词语,代表研究的议题创新与前沿趋势。
李 珊:负责论文撰写与修改,研究框架讨论;
张 林:数据处理、参与论文撰写;
李建军:研究选题与框架提出;
陈婷婷、陈锦棠:参与论文修改;
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