SDG11-Based Sustainability Assessment of Urban Communities: A Case Study of Changsha
Received date: 2024-02-20
Revised date: 2024-04-06
Online published: 2024-07-30
Given the real-world challenges in implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is important to study and formulate a localized assessment indicator system for each SDGs to monitor the current status of sustainable development at different scales, identify problems, and develop countermeasures. Based on the "economy-society-environment" three-dimensional theoretical framework for sustainable development, this study deconstructs the connotation of SDG11 at the community level, and constructs an urban community sustainability assessment indicator system containing 7 goals and 13 indexes. In addition, by taking 602 sample communities in the built-up regions of Changsha as an example, this study utilizes multi-source big data to comprehensively assess community sustainability as well as the coupling coordination degree of the communities' economic-social-environmental systems. It is found that: (1) During the period 2010-2020, the degree of achievement of community SDG in Changsha falls in the "relative closeness" range, with a "core-periphery" spatial distribution from the high sections to the low ones. (2) Of the 7 goals, housing guarantee, disaster prevention and relief, and environmental governance are progressing well; public transportation and heritage protection are improving significantly; public space is rising slowly; however, planning management is less than ideal. (3) Based on the assessment results of the coupling coordination degree of the communities' economic-social-environmental systems, the sample communities are classified into three types: coordinated development, transitional development, and dysfunctional decline communities. Then, in addition to the zoning results of core, central urban, and suburban areas, a differentiated governance path is proposed. (4) The assessment indicator system has high validity and needs to be further enhanced with a larger number of empirical cases in the future. The research results enrich the theoretical system of community sustainability and technical means of assessment. The empirical part of the study takes the statutory communities in the built-up area of Changsha as the research object and carries out the assessment of community sustainability at three time points: 2010, 2015, and 2020. This help in grasping the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of community sustainability and its law of evolution at the city level and provide scientific support for carrying out refined urban planning and community governance. The data used in the indicator system mainly come from objective big data with temporal continuity, which is conducive for conducting longitudinal continuous tracking research and horizontal comparison research with other cities.
Shuqian Qin , Nan Zhang , Peijuan Zhu , Yong Zhang , Chen Zhang . SDG11-Based Sustainability Assessment of Urban Communities: A Case Study of Changsha[J]. Tropical Geography, 2025 , 45(1) : 113 -127 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240095
表1 基于SDG11的UCS评估指标体系Table 1 UCS assessment indicator system based on SDG11 |
SDG目标 | 指标 | 指标分解与转化 | 权重 | 隶属维度 |
---|---|---|---|---|
SDG11.1住房保障 | 11.1.1生活在贫民窟和非正规住区内或住房不足的城市人口占比 | 房价收入比 | 0.071 | 经济 |
老旧小区户数比 | 0.051 | 环境 | ||
SDG11.2公共交通 | 11.2.1可便捷使用公共交通的人口占比 | 公交站点500 m半径覆盖率 | 0.084 | 社会 |
轨道交通站点最邻近距离 | 0.105 | 经济 | ||
SDG11.3规划管理 | 11.3.1土地消耗率与人口增长率之比 | 人口密度 | 0.108 | 经济 |
11.3.2通过民主方式定期进行或民间社会直接参与城市规划和管理的城市占比 | 物业小区户数比 | 0.121 | 社会 | |
SDG11.4遗产保护 | 11.4.1保存、保护和养护所有自然和文化遗产的人均支出总额 | 归一化植被指数(NDVI) | 0.057 | 环境 |
城市文化设施POI核密度 | 0.123 | 社会 | ||
SDG11.5防灾减灾 | 11.5.1每10万人口中因灾害导致死亡、失踪和直接影响的人口数 | 综合医院最临近距离 | 0.022 | 环境 |
11.5.2灾害导致的直接经济损失与全球国内生产总值之比 | ||||
11.5.3(a)灾害导致重要基础防灾设施损坏的次数和(b)基本服务中断的次数 | 应急避难设施最邻近距离 | 0.037 | 环境 | |
SDG11.6环境治理 | 11.6.1通过管理部门收集和管理的城市固体废弃物与城市固体废弃物总量之比 | — | — | — |
11.6.2以PM2.5、PM10等为代表的城市细颗粒物的年度均值 | 最邻近空气监测站点AQI | 0.072 | 环境 | |
SDG11.7公共空间 | 11.7.1城市建设区内可供所有人使用的开放公共空间的平均占比 | 居住地块开敞空间率 | 0.060 | 经济 |
11.7.2过去12个月内遭受身体骚扰或性骚扰的受害者占比 | 万人刑事案件案发量 | 0.090 | 社会 |
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表2 UCS评估指标数据来源与参考标准Table 2 Data sources and reference standards UCS assessment indicators |
维度(权重) | 指标(权重/编码) | 数据来源 | 参考标准 |
---|---|---|---|
经济 (0.344) | 房价收入比(0.071/Ec1) | 安居客网站、相关参考文献 | 4~8① |
轨道交通站点最邻近距离(0.105/Ec2) | 长沙市轨道集团有限公司官网、安居客网站、高德地图 | ≤1 km | |
人口密度(0.108/Ec3) | WorldPop网站 | 0.5万~1.0万人/km2② | |
居住地块开敞空间率(0.060/Ec4)③ | 安居客网站 | 35% | |
社会 (0.418) | 公交站点500m半径覆盖率(0.084/So1) | 长沙公交集团官网、高德地图 | ≥95% |
物业小区户数比(0.121/So2) | 安居客网站 | ≥70% | |
城市文化设施POI核密度(0.123/So3) | 高德地图 | ≥样本社区均值 | |
万人刑事案件案发量(0.090/So4)④ | 中国裁判文书网、WorldPop网站 | ≤样本社区均值 | |
环境 (0.239) | 老旧小区户数比(0.051/C1 En1) | 安居客网站 | ≤30% |
归一化植被指数(NDVI)(0.057/En2) | 国家生态科学数据中心 | 0.3~0.5⑤ | |
综合医院最临近距离(0.022/En3) | 安居客网站、高德地图 | ≤2 km⑥ | |
应急避难设施临近距离(0.105/En4) | 长沙市应急管理局 | ≤1 km⑦ | |
最邻近空气监测站点AQI(0.072/En5) | 中国环境监测总站 | ≤第三十分位城市AQI |
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表3 长沙市UCS评估结果分类统计Table 3 Categorical statistics of UCS assessment results in Changsha |
社区可持续发展 目标实现度 | UCS综合 指数 | 社区数量/个 | 社区占比/% | 均值 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | ||||
总计 | [0.333, 0.944] | 602 | 100 | 0.709 | 0.761 | 0.791 | ||||||
接近完成 | [0.8, 1.0] | 65 | 251 | 330 | 10.80 | 41.69 | 54.82 | 0.825 | 0.844 | 0.851 | ||
比较接近 | [0.7, 0.8) | 297 | 212 | 188 | 49.34 | 35.22 | 31.23 | 0.751 | 0.757 | 0.755 | ||
还有距离 | [0.6, 0.7) | 167 | 96 | 59 | 27.74 | 15.95 | 9.80 | 0.662 | 0.658 | 0.665 | ||
距离较大 | [0.0, 0.6) | 73 | 43 | 25 | 12.13 | 7.14 | 4.15 | 0.539 | 0.534 | 0.552 |
表4 长沙市社区“经济-社会-环境”(ESE)系统的耦合协调度(CCD)Table 4 Statistics of Coupling Coordination Degree(CCD) in Economy-Society-Environment(ESE) system for communities in Changsha |
社区ESE系统 耦合协调类型 | CCD | 社区数量/个 | 样本占比/% | 均值 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 | ||||
总计 | [0.567, 0.970] | 602 | 100 | 0.823 | 0.867 | 0.881 | ||||||
优质协调 | [0.9, 1.0] | 24 | 208 | 270 | 3.99 | 34.55 | 44.85 | 0.925 | 0.919 | 0.909 | ||
良好协调 | [0.8, 0.9) | 396 | 321 | 286 | 65.78 | 53.32 | 47.51 | 0.862 | 0.861 | 0.846 | ||
中级协调 | [0.7, 0.8) | 172 | 60 | 40 | 28.57 | 9.97 | 6.64 | 0.760 | 0.760 | 0.766 | ||
初级协调 | [0.6, 0.7) | 9 | 13 | 5 | 1.50 | 2.16 | 0.83 | 0.680 | 0.660 | 0.676 | ||
勉强协调 | [0.0, 0.6) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.17 | 0 | 0.17 | 0.595 | — | 0.567 |
1 《国务院办公厅关于全面推进城镇老旧小区改造工作的指导意见》国办发〔2020〕23号规定“城镇老旧小区是指城市或县城(城关镇)建成年代较早、失养失修失管、市政配套设施不完善、社区服务设施不健全、居民改造意愿强烈的住宅小区(含单栋住宅楼)。各地要结合实际,合理界定本地区改造对象范围,重点改造2000年底前建成的老旧小区。”本研究用2000年底前建成的老旧小区户数占社区总户数的比例,表征指标11.1.1的居住质量内涵。
2 https://www.worldpop.org/
3 https://www.cnemc.cn/
4 http://www.nesdc.org.cn/
5 长沙公交集团官网. http://www.csgjjt.com/html/1649/list.html
6 长沙市轨道集团有限公司官网. https://www.hncsmtr.com/
7 https://wenshu.court.gov.cn/
秦书茜:拟定研究框架、搜集论文资料、撰写与修改论文;
张 楠:确定论文选题,指导修改;
朱佩娟:提供理论和方法指导;
张 勇:参与数据计算与分析;
张 趁:参与指标选取与优化。
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