Spatiotemporal Patterns and Factors Influencing Wildlife Crimes in the Sichuan-Chongqing Region
Received date: 2024-04-17
Revised date: 2024-07-05
Online published: 2024-09-29
Wildlife crime, especially in the notably hard-hit region of Sichuan and Chongqing, constitutes a pivotal research domain within green criminology research. Taking this region as the core research area, grounding our analysis in the theoretical framework of social-ecological systems theory, using spatial analysis, geo-detector and other methods, to explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of wildlife crime in the Sichuan-Chongqing region. Study findings include the following: (1) wildlife crimes in the Sichuan-Chongqing regions mainly involve illegal hunting and killing precious and endangered wildlife, the species involved are predominantly birds and beasts, with the number of pheasants of the pheasant family, owls, and various snakes of the reptile family being the most numerous. The main body of the offence is far more men than women, and young adult Han people are often involved. The overall cultural level is low, and the main job is farming. (2) A single wildlife crime often involves a number of offenses; the most common criminal process involves (seller) hunting/hunting-killing-transportation-selling-(buyer) acquisition. (3) The overall inter-annual variation of the crime shows strong volatility, which can be divided into a gradual growth phase, a sharp decline phase and a sharp growth phase, the monthly distribution is high in November. (4) The overall pattern of "high incidence in the east and west and low incidence in the center" is shown in the city scale; in the county scale, the Shuangliu District of Chengdu City and Wanzhou District of Chongqing City are the most common. In microplaces, there are differences in the main places where offences are committed and transacted under different offences. (5) The occurrence of crime is mainly affected by the average annual temperature, total water resources, the state of natural ecosystems and other natural factors, male and female gender ratio, level of education, transport network density, ease of access and other socio-economic and cultural factors; the level of consumption of the population, the rate of natural growth and the combination of other factors have a significant impact on wildlife crime. The integrated crime pattern theory and rational choice theory suggest that by rationally considering multiple factors such as the natural environment (e.g. abundant wildlife resources and hidden habitats), the social environment (e.g. weak regulation, strong market demand or weak public awareness of protection) and their own psychological characteristics (e.g. the relationship between costs and benefits), offenders are more likely to convert their criminal intent into actual action, which will in turn The criminal intent is more likely to be transformed into actual action, thus contributing to the eventual occurrence of the criminal behaviour.
Xiaoxuan Niu , Gang Li , Xiaowen Zhang , Annan Jin , Li Lan , Jia Li , Tian Su . Spatiotemporal Patterns and Factors Influencing Wildlife Crimes in the Sichuan-Chongqing Region[J]. Tropical Geography, 2024 : 1 -18 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240248
图2 川渝地区野生动物犯罪主体的性别、年龄分布Fig.2 Gender and age distribution of wildlife crime subjects in Sichuan-Chongqing region |
图3 川渝地区野生动物犯罪主体其他社会人口学特征Fig.3 Other socio-demographic characteristics of wildlife crime subjects in Sichuan-Chongqing region |
图4 川渝地区野生动物犯罪涉案物种类别与罪名Fig.4 Types and charges of species involved in wildlife crimes in Sichuan-Chongqing region |
图6 川渝地区野生动物犯罪数量的年际变化Fig.6 Interannual variation in the number of wildlife crimes in Sichuan-Chongqing region |
图7 2014—2022年川渝地区野生动物犯罪数量的月际变化Fig.7 Inter-monthly variation in the number of wildlife crimes in Sichuan-Chongqing region |
图8 川渝地区野生动物犯罪市域(a)、县域(b)空间分布Fig.8 Spatial distribution of wildlife crime in Sichuan-Chongqing region municipalities (a) and counties (b) |
图9 川渝地区各类野生动物犯罪案发微观地点分布Fig.9 Micro location distribution of various wildlife crime incidents in Sichuan-Chongqing region |
表1 川渝地区野生动物犯罪的变量和指标说明Table 1 Description of variables and indicators of wildlife crime in Sichuan–Chongqing region |
指标类型 | 编号 | 影响因子 | 单位 | 因子解释 |
---|---|---|---|---|
自然因素 | X 1 | 年平均气温 | ℃ | 衡量区域地表温度冷热状况 |
X 2 | 水资源总量 | km3 | 衡量区域水资源欠丰程度 | |
X 3 | 自然保护区面积 | hm2 | 衡量区域内自然生态系统状况 | |
X 4 | 森林面积 | hm2 | 衡量区域内森林资源的丰富程度 | |
人口因素 | X 5 | 男女性别比例 | — | 衡量区域内社会人口性别差异 |
X 6 | 自然增长率 | % | 衡量区域内人口增长速度 | |
X 7 | 少数民族占比 | % | 衡量区域内少数民族水平 | |
经济因素 | X 8 | 居民消费价格指数 | — | 衡量区域内居民消费水平 |
X 9 | 城乡人均可支配收入比 | — | 衡量区域内农村居民收入水平 | |
交通因素 | X 10 | 公路线路里程 | km | 衡量区域内运输网密度 |
X 11 | 客运周转量 | 亿人·km | 衡量区域内交通便捷程度 | |
社会文化因素 | X 12 | 受教育水平 | 人 | 用中等以下受教育人数占比衡量区域内人口受教育程度 |
X 13 | 城镇化率 | % | 衡量区域内城市化水平 | |
X 14 | 餐厅数量 | 个 | 衡量区域内居民消费习惯和偏好 |
表2 川渝地区野生动物犯罪影响因子探测Table 2 Detection of wildlife crime impact factors in Sichuan-Chongqing region |
编号 | q统计量 | P值 |
---|---|---|
X 1 | 0.64 | 0.09 |
X 2 | 0.59 | 0.03 |
X 3 | 0.56 | 0.01 |
X 4 | 0.46 | 0.01 |
X 5 | 0.62 | 0.06 |
X 6 | 0.35 | 0.29 |
X 7 | 0.39 | 0.31 |
X 8 | 0.30 | 0.45 |
X 9 | 0.55 | 0.04 |
X 10 | 0.58 | 0.08 |
X 11 | 0.59 | 0.16 |
X 12 | 0.56 | 0.01 |
X 13 | 0.45 | 0.30 |
X 14 | 0.51 | 0.07 |
1 http://tjj.sc.gov.cn/scstjj/c105855/nj.shtml;https://tjj.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_233/tjnj/
2 https://wenshu.court.gov.cn/
3 https://www.amap.com/
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