Regional Differences of Digital Rural Construction in China and Driving Factors
Received date: 2022-12-14
Revised date: 2023-06-15
Online published: 2025-01-20
The digital rural strategy emerged in the context of the high integration of digital economy and rural revitalization, and is an important starting point for effectively promoting rural revitalization and common prosperity. Exploring the development and evolution trend of digital rural construction at the county level and its driving factors helps clarify the advantages and disadvantages of digital rural development in different regions, formulate targeted development measures tailored to local conditions, and realize the "equal improvement on quantity and quality" of digital rural construction." This study was based on the China County-level Digital Rural Index from 2019 to 2020, and it used spatial panel models and spatiot-emporal geographic weighted regression models to explore the regional differences and driving factors of county-level digital rural construction. The following results were obtained: 1) There are significant regional differences in the level of digital rural construction, showing a decreasing "ladder like" spatial differentiation pattern from the eastern coastal areas to the inland areas.2) The construction of digital rural areas has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. Specifically, it is manifested as "high concentration" in parts of the eastern and central regions, and "low concentration" in the western and northeastern regions. In addition, the four sub-dimensional indexes—rural digital infrastructure, rural economic digitalization, rural governance digitalization, and rural life digitalization—show evident spatial differentiation characteristics, with the "Hu Huanyong Line" as the boundary. 3) Regarding mechanism, the spatial panel model was used to verify that government functions, economic foundations, digital foundations, and human capital were important driving factors for the construction of county-level digital rural areas. Combined with the advantages of Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model for local parameter estimation, this study verified that different driving factors had significant spatial heterogeneity effects on the construction of digital rural areas in different county-level units. Based on the above-stated conclusions, this study began with the commonalities and characteristics of county-level digital rural construction and proposed that while improving the overall level of digital rural construction, each county-level unit should combine its own advantages and weaknesses, targeting their respective factor endowments and key driving factors, and collaborate to accurately facilitate rural digitization. This study explored the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and driving factors of China's digital rural construction at the county level. It has the advantages of reaching the grassroots level and being more detailed and comprehensive compared with provincial scale and municipal scale, which has certain supplementary value to existing research. Moreover, based on the spatial perspective, this study systematically considered the potential spatial heterogeneity characteristics of digital rural construction and used the spatial panel and spatiotemporal geographical weighted regression models to identify the driving factors of digital rural construction, which can help understand the internal driving forces of China's current county digital transformation.
Yongming Zeng , Zikang Zhong . Regional Differences of Digital Rural Construction in China and Driving Factors[J]. Tropical Geography, 2025 , 45(1) : 52 -65 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003833
表1 变量选取及说明Table 1 Variable selection and explanation |
类型 | 变量 | 简称 | 含义 | 单位 |
---|---|---|---|---|
因变量 | 数字乡村指数 | DV | 数字乡村指数 | — |
政府职能 | 财政支出 | Fiscal | 财政一般预算支出总额 | 元 |
经济基础 | 经济发展水平 | GDP | 人均GDP | 元 |
产业结构 | Industrial | 第三产业增加值/GDP | % | |
消费水平 | Consumption | 社会消费品零售总额/GDP | % | |
数字基础 | 移动电话普及率 | Mp | 每百万户移动电话用户数 | 户 |
互联网普及率 | Internet | 每百万户宽带接入用户数 | 户 | |
人力资本 | 人口规模 | Population | 总人口数/行政区域土地面积 | 人/km2 |
人才规模 | Education | 中等职业教育学校在校学生数/总人口数 | % |
表2 面板OLS模型估计结果Table 2 Estimation results of panel OLS Model |
变量 | 逐步回归 | VIF | CR |
---|---|---|---|
Fiscal | 0.679***(17.99) | 2.94 | 0.679***(16.09) |
GDP | 0.167***(6.35) | 1.57 | 0.167***(5.96) |
Industrial | 0.712***(10.22) | 1.21 | 0.712***(9.88) |
Mp | 0.106***3.85) | 2.39 | 0.106***(3.42) |
Internet | 0.081**(2.97) | 2.76 | 0.081**(2.55) |
Population | 0.457***(27.53) | 2.94 | 0.457***(23.95) |
Con | 0.679***(17.99) | 0.679***(16.09) | |
R² | 0.558 6 | 0.559 3 | |
N | 3 608 | 3 608 |
|
表3 空间SAR与SDM模型估计结果Table 3 Estimation results of spatial SAR and SDM Models |
变量 | SAR | SDM | GS2SLS |
---|---|---|---|
Fiscal | 0.104***(12.07) | 0.074***(7.57) | 0.113***(11.74) |
GDP | 0.041***(6.83) | 0.075***(12.94) | 0.045***(6.65) |
Industrial | 0.105***(6.53) | 0.102***(6.57) | 0.095***(5.24) |
Mp | 0.017**(3.25) | 0.011*(1.86) | 0.014*(2.07) |
Internet | 0.022***(3.33) | 0.007(0.89) | 0.033***(4.31) |
Population | 0.083***(21.20) | 0.088***(14.23) | 0.098***(21.54) |
Con | 2.135***(27.69) | 2.320***(31.75) | 2.576***(29.03) |
W*Fiscal | -0.075***(-6.17) | ||
W*GDP | -0.137***(-21.70) | ||
W*Population | -0.063***(-8.65) | ||
rho | 0.231***(21.63) | 0.522***(35.52) | |
R² | 0.617 8 | 0.602 2 | 0.626 9 |
N | 3 608 | 3 608 | 3 608 |
|
表4 GTWR模型估计结果Table 4 Estimation results of GTWR Model |
变量 | 回归系数区间 | 平均值 | 标准差 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fiscal | [-0.027, 0.313] | 0.183 | 0.056 | 0.000 |
GDP | [-0.137, 8.955] | 1.396 | 1.770 | 0.000 |
Industrial | [-0.220, 0.300] | 0.069 | 0.098 | 0.000 |
Mp | [-1.325, 9.986] | 0.749 | 1.629 | 0.000 |
Internet | [-3.212, 1.750] | 0.130 | 0.689 | 0.000 |
Population | [-0.007, 1.735] | 0.493 | 0.229 | 0.000 |
Bandwidth | 0.114 | |||
R² | 0.703 0 | |||
Adjusted R² | 0.702 6 |
1 具体指标体系可见:北京大学新农村发展研究院. https://www.ccap.pku.edu.cn/nrdi/xmycg/yjxm/index.htm。另需要说明的是,该数据库实际上发布了2018—2020年3年的指数,但2018年的测算指标体系与2019、2020年略有不同,所测算的指数不便于直接比较,为此本文删除2018年数据,仅用2019—2020年数据进行分析。
2 2019年县域数字乡村指数的空间分布特征与2020年相似,限于篇幅,不做展示。如有需要,可向作者索取。另外,本文原欲做时空动态分析,但限于2019―2020两年数据过短,难以在长时间序列上做分析,为此本文仅作空间差异分析。
曾永明:提出研究思路,修订研究方案,修改论文,课题基金支持;
钟子康:数据收集、处理,论文撰写与修改。
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