Characteristics and Driving Factors of Industrial Activity Spatial Distribution in Mega-Cities from the 'Land-Building' Perspective: A Case Study of Shenzhen
Received date: 2024-03-05
Revised date: 2024-05-22
Online published: 2025-03-14
Megacities serve as primary spatial carriers of industrialization and sources of innovation and upgrading. Existing research predominantly relies on business registration data to identify the micro-locations of industrial activities; however, this approach suffers from limitations such as low identification accuracy and difficulties in subdividing the types of industrial activities. This study utilizes Shenzhen as a case and constructs a new method for identifying the locations of industrial activities based on the "Land-Building" perspective. By integrating land use and building data and by employing kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and spatial econometric models, this study systematically examined the spatial distribution characteristics and factors influencing industrial production and R&D activities. The findings reveal that 1) the overall spatial distribution of industrial activities in Shenzhen exhibits a pattern of "dense in the north and sparse in the south," with 95.06% of industrial activity buildings located in the six districts outside the "Guan" area and 4.94% in the four districts inside the "Guan" area. There are significant differences between the spatial locations of industrial and industrial production activities. Industrial production activities display a "multicenter contiguous" layout, primarily distributed in the northeastern "Longgang-Pingshan" industrial production zone, the northwestern "Bao'an-Guangming" production zone, and the cross-city production zone at the border between Shenzhen and Dongguan. In contrast, industrial R&D activities exhibit a "single-center scattered" spatial distribution, mainly concentrated in central urban areas such as Nanshan District and Futian District, with key clusters in streets such as Yuehai, Xili, and Xixiang. 2) Both urban industrial R&D and production activities exhibited positive spatial autocorrelation and spatial spillover effects. Moran's I index for urban industrial R&D is 0.518, while that for production activities is 0.123, indicating that the spatial autocorrelation and spillover effects of industrial production activities are stronger than those of industrial R&D activities. Industrial production activities can exert economic agglomeration effects over a broad geographical range, whereas industrial R&D activities generate agglomeration effects only in smaller areas. The spatial clustering of industrial production activities centers around Fubao Street, with low-low clustering dominating the fan-shaped area from Xixiang Street to Yantian Street and high-high clustering prevailing outside this area. The spatial clustering of industrial R&D activities exhibits an "interlaced and embedded" pattern, forming a nested spatial distribution. 3) The spatial layout of industrial activities in megacities is the result of the combined effects of multiple factors including socioeconomic development, transportation infrastructure, production and living facilities, and geographical location. However, the driving factors for the microlocation distribution of the two types of activities differ. Factors such as population density, industrial development, highways, railway stations, commercial facilities and administrative area size positively influenced the spatial agglomeration of industrial production activities. In contrast, the economic level, industrial development, bus stops, subway stations, and financial facilities positively affect the spatial agglomeration of industrial R&D activities. This study suggests that governments should consider the regularity and heterogeneity of the spatial agglomeration of different industrial activities when conducting urban spatial and industrial planning, promote reasonable functional zoning of urban industrial activities, and enhance the supply of industrial development factors to foster the agglomeration and development of industrial activities.
Xuecheng Bi , Dongyin Zhang , Xianquan Ye , Xiang Li , Li Li . Characteristics and Driving Factors of Industrial Activity Spatial Distribution in Mega-Cities from the 'Land-Building' Perspective: A Case Study of Shenzhen[J]. Tropical Geography, 2025 , 45(3) : 374 -385 . DOI: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20240128
表1 平均最近邻距离Table 1 Average nearest neighbor distance |
指标 | 全部工业活动 | 工业生产活动 | 工业研发活动 |
---|---|---|---|
平均观测距离/m | 45.29 | 44.17 | 113.82 |
预期平均距离/m | 134.09 | 139.35 | 464.20 |
最近邻指数 | 0.34 | 0.32 | 0.24 |
Z值 | -271.46 | -269.41 | -84.23 |
P值 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
表2 全局空间自相关Moran's I指数Table 2 Global spatial autocorrelation Moran's I indices |
指标 | 工业生产活动 | 工业研发活动 |
---|---|---|
Moran' I 指数 | 0.518 | 0.123 |
预期指数 | -0.002 | -0.002 |
标准差 | 0.024 | 0.023 |
Z值 | 21.775 | 5.349 |
P值 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
表3 工业活动区位分布的影响因素及指标Table 3 Factors and indicators influencing the locational distribution of industrial activities |
变量类型 | 解释名称 | 变量符号 | 指标表征与解释 | 数据来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|
经济社会发展 (Econ_social) | 经济水平 | Economic | 夜间灯光强度 | VIIRS夜间灯光(2021) |
人口密度 | Population | Land scan人口密度 | Land Scan Global(2022) | |
产业发展 | Ind_park | 产业园区数量 | 深圳市房屋租赁参考价格 查询平台 | |
物价水平 | Price_level | 商品房租金水平 | ||
交通基础设施 (Tran_infra) | 火车站 | Rail_station | 社区几何中心到最近火车站的直线距离 | 百度POI数据 |
公交站 | Bus_station | 公交站数量 | ||
地铁站 | Sub_station | 地铁站数量 | ||
高速入口 | Expressway | 高速入口数量 | ||
生产生活配套 (Prod_living) | 教育配套 | Education | 幼儿园及中小学数量 | 百度POI数据 |
医疗配套 | Hospital | 社康、专科及综合等医疗机构数量 | ||
商业配套 | Business | 商超、零售、购物中心等网点数量 | ||
金融配套 | Finance | 证券、保险与银行等网点数量 | ||
地理区位环境 (Geo_location) | 行政区面积 | Area | 社区总面积 | 标准地图计算得到 |
生态用地 | Ecology | 非人造地表占比 | GlobeLand 30(2020) | |
地理区位 | Location | 社区所处的区位 | “关内”取1,“关外”取0 |
表4 实证结果Table 4 Empirical results |
模型变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | 空间滞后 | OLS | 空间滞后 | |||||
空间自回归 | W _Y | ― | 0.269***(0.038) | ― | 0.148***(0.051) | |||
常数项 | C | 85.884**(43.04) | 26.405(41.432) | -17.45***(6.524) | -16.234**(6.391) | |||
经济社会发展 | Economic | -0.447(0.386) | -0.245(0.366) | 0.138**(0.058) | 0.121**(0.057) | |||
Population | 0.79**(0.35) | 0.714**(0.331) | -0.024(0.053) | -0.022(0.052) | ||||
Ind_park | 3.05***(0.167) | 2.685***(0.166) | 0.107***(0.025) | 0.102***(0.025) | ||||
Price_level | -0.58***(0.167) | -0.343**(0.161) | 0.018(0.025) | 0.011(0.025) | ||||
交通基础设施 | Rail_station | -2.751***(0.843) | -1.867**(0.806) | 0.286**(0.128) | 0.29**(0.125) | |||
Bus_station | -0.3(0.467) | -0.266(0.442) | 0.529***(0.071) | 0.512***(0.07) | ||||
Sub_station | 2.139(3.453) | 2.562(3.265) | 1.32**(0.523) | 1.356***(0.513) | ||||
Expressway | 1.801***(0.405) | 1.51***(0.384) | 0.075(0.061) | 0.07(0.06) | ||||
生产生活配套 | Education | 0.571(0.695) | 1.062(0.657) | -0.084(0.105) | -0.073(0.103) | |||
Hospital | -2.233(2.192) | -0.999(2.078) | -0.033(0.332) | -0.029(0.326) | ||||
Business | 0.557***(0.108) | 0.438***(0.103) | -0.061***(0.016) | -0.06***(0.016) | ||||
Finance | -0.559***(0.171) | -0.519***(0.162) | 0.082***(0.026) | 0.083***(0.025) | ||||
地理区位环境 | Area | 3.092***(1.044) | 3.323***(0.988) | -0.452***(0.158) | -0.444***(0.155) | |||
Ecology | 5.371(12.681) | 0.103(12.035) | 0.39(1.922) | 0.299(1.883) | ||||
Location | 5.182(10.219) | 16.258(9.76) | 0.824(1.549) | 1.274(1.518) | ||||
拟合优度 | R 2 | 0.655 | 0.692 | 0.252 | 0.282 | |||
样本量/个 | N | 669 | 669 | 669 | 669 |
|
1 VIIRS夜间灯光数据网址:https://eogdata.mines.edu/products/special_topics/
2 Land Scan Global数据网址:https://landscan.ornl.gov/
3 GlobeLand30网址:http://www.globallandcover.com/
4 注:1982年6月,国家为了区分经济特区与非经济特区划定了深圳经济特区管理线,该线将深圳经济特区划分为“关内”与“关外”。其中,“关内”指经济特区,包含福田区、罗湖区、南山区与盐田区4个行政区,“关外”指非经济特区,包含宝安区、龙岗区、光明区、龙华区、坪山区与大鹏新区6个行政区;2010-07-01,深圳经济特区范围由原先“关内”4区正式扩展至深圳全市,至2018-01-15,国务院正式同意撤销深圳经济特区管理线。尽管在行政层面上不再区分“关内”与“关外”,但经济特区管理线的影响仍存在,“关内”与“关外”在经济发展、产业结构与城市规划导向方面仍存在显著差异。
5 深圳市房屋租赁参考价格查询平台网址:https://zjj.sz.gov.cn/cyyqzljgcx/index.html
6 百度POI网址:https://lbsyun.baidu.com/products/search
毕学成、李 力:论文选题与构思、数据分析、撰写与修改;
张冬茵、叶先权:数据清洗与修改提升;
李 想:项目支持、论证逻辑指导。
阿尔弗雷德·韦伯. 2017. 工业区位论. 北京:商务印书馆.
Alfred Weber. 2017. Theory of Industrial Location. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
|
Asheim B, Coenen L, and Vang J. 2007. Face-to-Face, Buzz, and Knowledge Bases: Sociospatial Implications for Learning, Innovation, and Innovation Policy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 25(5): 655-670.
|
薄文广,崔博博,陈璐琳. 2019. 环境规制对工业企业选址的影响——基于微观已有企业和新建企业数据的比较分析. 南开经济研究,35(4):37-57.
Bo Wenguang, Cui Bobo, and Chen Lulin. 2019. The Impact of Environmental Regulations on the Location of Industrial Firms: A Comparative Perspective Based on Microscopic Data of Existing and New Firms. Nankai Economic Studies, 35(4): 37-57.
|
毕秀晶,汪明峰,李健,宁越敏. 2011. 上海大都市区软件产业空间集聚与郊区化. 地理学报,66(12):1682-1694.
Bi Xiujing, Wang Mingfeng, Li Jian, and Ning Yuemin. 2011. Agglomeration and Suburbanization: A Study on the Spatial Distribution of Software Industry and Its Evolution in Metropolitan Shanghai. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(12): 1682-1694.
|
陈柯,张晓嘉,韩清. 2018. 中国工业产业空间集聚的测量及特征研究. 上海经济研究,37(7):30-42.
Chen Ke, Zhang Xiaojia, and Han Qing. 2018. The Measure and Characteristics of the Geographical Concentration of Chinese Industries. Shanghai Journal of Economics, 37(7): 30-42.
|
管汉晖,刘冲,辛星. 2020. 中国的工业化:过去与现在(1887—2017). 经济学报,7(3):202-238.
Guan Hanhui, Liu Chong, and Xin Xing. 2020. Industrialization in China: Past and Present(1887-2017). China Journal of Economics, 7(3): 202-238.
|
国务院. 2021. 中华人民共和国土地管理法实施条例. (2021-07-02)[2023-12-05]. https://flk.npc.gov.cn/detail2.html?ZmY4MD gxODE3YjYzYjg5NTAxN2I3YjA3MWI2ODQzYzA%3D.
State Council. 2021. Regulations for the Implementation of the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China. (2021-07-02) [2023-12-05]. https://flk.npc.gov.cn/detail2.html?ZmY4M DgxODE3YjYzYjg5NTAxN2I3YjA3MWI2ODQzYzA%3D.
|
胡璇,杜德斌. 2019. 外资企业研发中心在城市内部的时空演化及机制分析——以上海为例. 经济地理,39(7):129-138.
Hu Xuan and Du Debin. 2019. Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Mechanism Analysis of R&D Centers of Foreign Enterprises in Inner City: A Case Study of Shanghai. Economic Geography, 39(7): 129-138.
|
姜海宁,谷人旭,李广斌. 2011. 中国制造业企业500强总部空间格局及区位选择. 经济地理,31(10):1666-1673.
Jiang Haining, Gu Renxu, and Li Guangbin. 2011. Headquarter Spatial Pattern and Location Choice of Top 500 Enterprises of Chinese Manufacturing Industries. Economic Geography, 31(10): 1666-1673.
|
金相郁. 2004. 20世纪区位理论的五个发展阶段及其评述. 经济地理,24(3):294-298,317.
Kim Sang-wook. 2004. Survey and Evaluation of Location Theory in 20 Century by Five Development Stage. Economic Geography, 24(3): 294-298, 317.
|
Krugman P. 1991. Increasing Returs and Economic Geography. Jounal of Political Economy, 99(3): 483-499.
|
李佳洺,张文忠,李业锦,杨勋风,余建辉. 2016. 基于微观企业数据的产业空间集聚特征分析——以杭州市区为例. 地理研究,35(1):95-107.
Li Jiaming, Zhang Wenzhong, Li Yejin, Yang Xunfeng, and Yu Jianhui. 2016. The Characteristics of Industrial Agglomeration Based on Micro-Geographic Data. Geography Research, 35(1): 95-107.
|
李仙德,李卫江,李敏. 2023. 中国汽车制造业企业区位及其影响因素. 地理科学进展,42(10):1994-2005.
Li Xiande, Li Weijiang, and Li Min. 2023. Location of Chinese Automobile Manufacturing Enterprises and Influencing Factors. Progress in Geography, 42(10): 1994-2005.
|
刘家民,马晓钰,赵斌. 2023. “大气十条”政策如何重塑中心-外围产业空间布局?南京财经大学学报,30(6):67-78
Liu Jiamin, Ma Xiaoyu, and Zhao Bin. 2023. How Does the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan Remodel the Industrial Spatial Layout of the Center-Periphery? Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, 30 (6): 67-78.
|
龙奋杰,王雪芹,王爵,邹迪. 2015. 产业发展与城镇化互动关系分析. 城市问题,34(7):19-25.
Long Fenjie, Wang Xueqin, Wang Jue, and Zou Di. 2015. Interaction Relation of Industrial Development and Urbanization. Urban Problems, 34(7): 19-25.
|
罗双成,刘建江,石大千,万佳乐. 2021. 创新的高速路:高铁对制造业创新的影响. 中国经济问题,63(4):172-187.
Luo Shuangcheng, Liu Jianjiang, Shi Daqian, and Wan Jiale. 2021. Innovative Highway: The Impact of High Speed Rail on Manufacturing Innovation. China Economic Studies, 63 (4): 172-187.
|
罗胤晨,谷人旭. 2014. 1980—2011年中国制造业空间集聚格局及其演变趋势. 经济地理,34(7):82-89.
Luo Yinchen and Gu Renxu. 2014. The Pattern and Evolutional Trend of Chinese Manufacturing's Spatial Agglomeration: An Empirical Analysis Based on Data from 1980 to 2011. Economic Geography, 34(7): 82-89.
|
骆晨,郑伯红,刘琳琳. 2022. 大城市都市区制造业空间演变特征及其影响因素——以长沙市为例. 热带地理,42(5):773-787.
Luo Chen, Zheng Bohong, and Liu Linlin. 2022. Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of the Manufacturing Industry on Metropolitan Areas: A Case Study of Changsha. Tropical Geography, 42(5): 773-787.
|
吕卫国,陈雯. 2009. 制造业企业区位选择与南京城市空间重构. 地理学报,64(2):142-152.
Lyu Weiguo and Chen Wen. 2009. Manufacturing Industry Enterprises Location Choice and the Urban Spatial Restructuring in Nanjing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 64(2): 142-152.
|
马仁锋,吴丹丹,张文忠,倪欣欣,朱保羽. 2019. 城市文化创意产业微区位模型及杭州案例. 经济地理,39(11):123-133.
Ma Renfeng, Wu Dandan, Zhang Wenzhong, Ni Xinxin, and Zhu Baoyu. 2019. Micro-Location Model of Urban Cultural & Creative Industries and Its Application in Hangzhou. Economic Geography, 39(11): 123-133.
|
Rahman S M T and Kabir A. 2019. Factors Influencing Location Choice and Cluster Pattern of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Cities: Evidence from Khulna City of Bangladesh. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1): 61.
|
Rikalovic A, Cosic I, Labati R D, and Piuri V. 2015. A Comprehensive Method for Industrial Site Selection: The Macro-Location Analysis. IEEE Systems Journal, 11(4): 2971-2980.
|
沈娉,陈丹阳,张嘉颖,王烨,梁景宇. 2023. 珠三角地区高新技术企业分布的时空演变特征研究. 城市规划学刊,20(3):100-109.
Shen Ping, Chen Danyang, Zhang Jiaying, Wang Ye, and Liang Jingyu. 2023. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of High-Tech Companies in the Pearl River Delta Region. Urban Planning Forum, 20 (3): 100-109.
|
王山,刘文斐,余东华. 2023. 中国制造业高质量发展不平衡不充分测度及来源分解. 科技进步与对策,40(20):53-64.
Wang Shan, Liu Wenfei, and Yu Donghua. 2023. Imbalance and Inadequacy Measurement and Source Decomposition of High-Quality Development of China's Manufacturing. Science and Technology Progress and Countermeasures, 40(20): 53-64.
|
王妤,孙斌栋,李琬. 2021. 城市规模分布与空气质量的关系——基于LandScan数据的跨国研究. 地理研究,40(11):3173-3190.
Wang Yu, Sun Bindong, and Li Wan. 2021. Relationship between City Size Distribution and Air Quality: A Cross-Country Study Based on LandScan Data. Geography Research, 40(11): 3173-3190.
|
彭珏,何金廖. 2021. 电商粉丝经济的地理格局及其影响因子探析:以抖音直播带货主播为例. 地理科学进展,40(7):1098-1112.
Peng Jue and He Jinliao. 2021. Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Fan Economy in China: Taking TikTok Livestreaming Commerce Host as an Example. Progress in Geography, 40(7): 1098-1112.
|
覃成林,程琳. 2014. 铁路交通发展与沿线城市工业空间格局变化. 科技管理研究,34(17):150-154.
Qin Chenglin and Cheng Lin. 2014. The Impacts of Railway Development on the Industrial Spatial Pattern of Cities along Railway. Science and Technology Management Research, 34(17): 150-154.
|
全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 2019. 中华人民共和国土地管理法. (2019-08-26)[2023-12-05]. https://flk.npc.gov.cn/detail2.html?ZmY4MDgwODE2ZjNjYmIzYzAxNmY0NjI2OTAzNDI3ZmM%3D.
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. 2019. Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China. (2019-08-26) [2023-12-05]. https://flk.npc.gov.cn/detail2.html?ZmY4MDgwODE2ZjNjYmIzYzAxNmY0NjI2OTAzNDI3ZmM%3D.
|
吴瑞君,朱宝树,古荭欢. 2017. 上海市就业人口的职住分离和结构分异. 中国人口科学,30(3):101-115,128.
Wu Ruijun, Zhu Baoshu, and Gu Honghuan. 2017. Spatial Mismatch of Job-Housing and the Structure Variation for Employed Population in Shanghai. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 30(3): 101-115,128.
|
习近平. 2022. 高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗——在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告. 党建,35(11):4-28.
Xi Jinping. 2022. Hold High the Great Banner of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Strive in Unity to Build a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects: Report Delivered at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Party Building, 35(11): 4-28.
|
邢乐斌,牟方芳,冉戎. 2024. 如何吸引国外制造业R&D机构落户内陆? 科学学研究,42(8):1634-1643.
Xing Lebin, Mou Fangfang, and Ran Rong. 2024. How to Attract Foreign Manufacturing R&D Organizations to Settle Inland?. Studies in Science of Science, 42(8): 1634-1643.
|
徐维祥,张筱娟,刘程军. 2019. 长三角制造业企业空间分布特征及其影响机制研究:尺度效应与动态演进. 地理研究,38(5):1236-1252.
Xu Weixiang, Zhang Xiaojuan, and Liu Chengjun. 2019. Spatial Distribution Pattern and Influencing Factors of Manufacturing Enterprises in Yangtze River Delta: Scale Effects and Dynamic Evolution. Geographical Research, 38(5): 1236-1252.
|
许闻博,王兴平,陈秋伊. 2023. 制造业企业迁移和城市创新格局演化互动——基于51家深圳企业的实证. 城市规划学刊,29(3):92-99.
Xu Wenbo, Wang Xingping, and Chen Qiuyi. 2023. Interactions between the Migration of Manufacturing Firms and the Pattern of Urban Innovation: An Empirical Study of 51 Shenzhen Enterprises. Urban Planning Forum, 29(3): 92-99.
|
张文忠. 2022. 经济区位论. 北京:商务印书馆.
Zhang Wenzhong. Economic Location Theory. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
|
周振华. 2003. 产业融合:产业发展及经济增长的新动力. 中国工业经济,20(4):46-52.
Zhou Zhenhua. 2003. Industrial Convergence: New Power of Industrial Development and Economic Growth. China Industrial Economics, 20(4): 46-52.
|
邹辉,段学军. 2020. 中国化工产业布局演变与影响机理研究. 地理科学,40(10):1646-1653.
Zou Hui and Duan Xuejun. 2020. Layout Evolution and Its Influence Mechanism of Chemical Industry in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 40(10): 1646-1653.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |